A simplified copy of St. Isaac's Cathedral in Finland. St. Isaac's Cathedral and Sakov's Cathedral
-An elderly Leningrad woman fills out a questionnaire in some housing office-
- "Vasilieva .... Nina .... Isaakovna ...
- Jew, come on?
- Well, yes, but St. Isaac's Cathedral, is it a synagogue?
St. Isaac's Cathedral is considered one of the masterpieces of Orthodox, Russian Christian architecture. At first glance, there is nothing strange about it.
THE TEMPLE WAS INITIALLY ANTIQUE!!! AND PROBABLY BEFORE PETRUSH'S BIRTH...
But this is only at first glance. You need to look more carefully.
Here is his gate.
The images are very reminiscent of antique ones, but this is not the most important thing. There is not a single .... Orthodox crucifix in the temple
And finding an eight-pointed Orthodox cross is not an easy task.
These Orthodox crosses are rare Orthodox elements - in a completely non-Orthodox church
Please note - above the icon is something other than all-seeing eye, which the Orthodox consider a symbol of Freemasons and Satanists
That's about the crucifixion
Here is the Orthodox crucifix
And here is the Catholic and this image of one of the niches of St. Isaac's Cathedral, while there are no Orthodox crucifixes there
Below, the second, Catholic image with the crucified Jesus is located outside above one of the entrances to the cathedral.
In fact, according to the official historical myth, St. Isaac's Cathedral after the consecration was the main cathedral Russian Empire.
And how did it happen that the main symbolism is practically not used in the design of the main cathedral, and the crucifix is generally shown according to other people's canons?!
Here again, everything is not Orthodox.
Please note that here, too, the cross is clearly not an eight-pointed Orthodox one. It is also interesting that all the images tell the story of the execution of Jesus, but the crucified dead body of Jesus itself is shown only on the lowest right bas-relief, and then already in the process of being removed from the cross. That is, they tried to avoid images of a dead body hanging on a cross.
But the patterns on the floor of the cathedral
There are subtle patterns on the floor and wall, they are ancient Greek
It's Hellenic GREEK ornament-meander.
Here on the wall of Hadrian's temple
Here's from the Temple of Jupiter
Exactly the same ornaments can be seen, among other things, in Balbec
70-page Montferrand illustration
External signs
Now a little about the external features of the cathedral - an Orthodox church is internally not Orthodox, but outwardly already antique
And this is the Roman pantheon
Almost the same building, only without the dome
The Parisian Pantheon, as in Issacia, you will not find Orthodox crucifixes there
And this is the American Capitol, temples in Russia, Europe and watered. buildings in the United States were built according to the same architectural style
Here's the Boston Capitol
But much more interesting is his old image
Is this a copy of the Alexandrian pillar?
Well, here Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines
It is most similar to St. Isaac's Cathedral
Who built the Issakievsky Cathedral
It is believed that the cathedral was designed and built by the foreign sculptor Montferan. But it's not.
Here is an interesting illustration from the work of Montferrand himself.
This is 1820, from the image we can conclude that it is not construction, but rather the restoration of the cathedral
Actually the story is
In 1809 and 1813. A competition was announced for the reconstruction of the cathedral. Even before the announcement of the first competition under the leadership of the President of the Academy of Arts Count A.S. Strogonov, a program of the following content was developed:
"The magnificent buildings erected in the northern capital of Russia give the idea to pay attention to the Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dalmatia.
This temple ..., - requires, by coincidence of such important circumstances, decent in finishing its splendor. This intention opens up a vast field of distinction for artists known for their talents in the art of architecture; in this case, they can show their graceful abilities in solving the following problems:
1. Find funds to decorate the church of St. Isaac of Dalmatia with decent and magnificent architecture, without covering (as much as possible) his rich marble clothes.
2. Instead of the domes and bell towers currently on this temple, look for the shape of a dome that can give the inherent grandeur and beauty to such a famous building.
3. To come up with a convenient way to decorate the area belonging to this temple, while bringing the circumference of it into proper regularity.
RGIA, f.789, op. 20 Stroganov, d.36, l3. Reported by N.I. Nikulina (Glinka), printed: Shuisky V.K. Auguste Mauferrand.
History of life and creativity. - St. Petersburg: LLC "MiM-Delta"; M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2005. pp. 82-83.
Count Stroganov directly pointed out that there was a competition for the alteration of an already standing temple, the task was to remove marble from it.
This does not fit in with the statement that the 3rd St. Isaac's Cathedral would have been closed in 1816. It was the 3rd cathedral that was partially covered with marble m
Wikipedia also quotes Stroganov, but quotes as follows:
"Find a way to decorate the temple ... without covering ... its rich marble clothes ... find a dome shape that can give grandeur and beauty to such a famous building ... come up with a way to decorate the square belonging to this temple, bringing its circle into proper regularity "
Here is such a forgery scheme - Wikipedia pulls out the most important thing from Stroganov's note, that the cathedral has already been
"In words, the Sovereign asked Betancourt to instruct someone to draw up a project for the restructuring of St. Isaac's Cathedral in such a way as to preserve the entire old building, perhaps with a small increase, to give a more magnificent and fine appearance to this great monument."
F.F. Vigel in his notes indicated in plain text that St. Isaac's Cathedral was not built, but rebuilt
Signs of perestroika can still be found today
Three in the center are real, and those on the sides are fresh, this is all that Montferan mastered during the reconstruction of the cathedral, he did not have either skill or time to repeat the original.
Here is another new one
In a word, there are many examples
There was no construction of the 4th St. Isaac's Cathedral, what is today is the same "third" temple, as most likely the "first" and second" temple.
But why was it necessary to break the history of one cathedral into 4 parts and falsify its construction by Montferan?
The fact is that the ancient temple with elements of paganism and Catholicism, which has nothing to do with the current Orthodoxy.
The construction of 4 cathedrals is no more than four reconstructions, where its pagan-Catholic past was erased.
But even after all this, it is surprising that the falsifiers did not remove the Catholic crucifixes and did not replace them with Orthodox ones. They seemed to know that it was not necessary at all.
Indeed, there was no need to bother, because Orthodox believers are so fooled and blind that they do not notice that they are coming to a strange church.
Although no one hides it from them, everything is in the most visible place.
I will add that the presence of Catholic crucifixes in Isaac is another evidence in favor of the fact that earlier Catholicism and Orthodoxy were one confession, as well as Christianity and Islam.
Why did Peter I get married in a former barn? Why is the Capitol in Washington DC just a copy of Isaac? And what was hidden in the walls 5 meters thick?
FROM Sergey OKUNEV , who has been working as a custodian of the funds of the museum-monument for more than 40 years, we met in the basement of St. Isaac's Cathedral, where during the Great Patriotic War the priceless treasures of the museums of Leningrad and its suburbs were hidden from bombs and shells. Now here is an exposition dedicated to the ascetic feat. In the room near the potbelly stove and a fragment of an incendiary bomb, it is well said about the amazing secrets that the famous cathedral reveals to restorers and researchers.
Since 1990, colossal work has been carried out to restore the walls, - says Sergey Nikolaevich. - They are 5 meters thick, but where the 32-ton bell swayed, the cracks reached two meters. The exterior marble finish has been restored. They cleaned the basement, where there were 12 wood-burning stoves, put the attic in order. Finally, we got to the interior of the cathedral, started painting on the walls. Now the restoration of the altars is underway, where the ceiling paintings are at a height of 49 meters. The task is to ensure the preservation of St. Isaac's Cathedral in the form in which it was in 1858, at the time of consecration.
It is believed that today's technical capabilities make it easier to solve the problem. But not everything is so simple. When the cathedral was being built, there was one technique, then it changed - and we no longer understood how it was built. Two years ago, restorers stumbled upon a void in the south altar. They opened the wall and found a chimney, but did not find where it came from below. Among the documents signed by Montferrand, there is a small drawing with a template for installing a fireplace. Now I'm scratching my head over this riddle. One of many.
Bronze boxes for storing church utensils were found in the walls of each of the three altars. When such a box was opened in the Catherine's aisle, they saw that it was chock-full of folders with classified documents from the late 1930s. Minutes of the meetings of the party committee of the anti-religious museum located here, brochures marked "Only for members of the CPSU (b)", decisions of party conferences. Why were party documents classified in peacetime? There was a feeling of “enemies all around”, preparations were underway for the Finnish campaign.
Martial law was declared in Leningrad in 1938-1939. My father said that after work, party activists were given weapons, they were on duty in the yards, in dark alleys - with the right to shoot without warning, because robberies began in the blackout. Martial law was introduced at all enterprises, including museums. The strictest labor discipline: absent from work - only at the direction of management. Plus total surveillance of each other. We found several folders with denunciations. And the minutes of the meeting of the party committee with discussions of the fate of the two directors of St. Isaac's Cathedral. Members of the party committee meticulously discussed their biographies, asked provocative questions...
The profile of the anti-religious museum, which was within the walls of St. Isaac's Cathedral, changed almost every six months. They kicked out and imprisoned the entire leadership, each time referring to new installations. The union of militant atheists was extremely aggressive. They brought everything to the point of absurdity: they offered to knock down the cross from the cathedral and put up a huge anemometer to measure the direction and speed of the wind, then suddenly they wanted to put up telescopes... And all this fuss, of course, was reflected in the fate of the museum.
In fact, the cathedral is much older than is commonly believed. In 1705, Peter the Great decided to rebuild the drawing barn of the Admiralty into a temple, since the city already had an “Admiralty College and a model room for drawings”. And now the wooden barn was converted into a temple 18 meters long and 9 meters wide. Money for the construction of the first church in 1707 by St. Isaac of Dalmatia was allocated from funds allocated for the maintenance of the fleet. And all the documents on the cathedral went on to the Ministry navy: payment of priests, purchase of wine for communion, repairs, gifts to the clergy for the fact that they consecrated each ship being lowered. St. Isaac's Cathedral did not belong to the church for a single day, it has always been the property of the state.
By the way, Peter I got married in the former barn in 1712. Why? In the archives, I found Peter's decree on holding civil events at the place of residence. At that time, the tsar was "registered" as the skipper Pyotr Alekseev on the Admiralty side. Therefore, he did not get married even in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, which was dedicated to the Romanovs. In order not to violate his own decree, he got married in this church.
A second temple was built where the Bronze Horseman now stands. In 1714, when it became clear that the Swedes would not be able to attack St. Petersburg, the tsar ordered Trezzini to create a cathedral befitting the capital of Russia. They laid the temple on the banks of the Neva, without taking into account hydrology, and after a while it began to slide into the river. They suffered, remade, the cathedral burned twice. Finally, already Catherine in 1758 issued a decree to find a new site for the construction of the cathedral. They invited the Italian Rinaldi, determined the place, and began to build the third St. Isaac's Cathedral. They finished under Paul I. And already in 1802-1803 the cathedral began to collapse. Instead of marble, it was lined with brick, it was not dried inside, and pieces of plaster began to fall on the believers during worship ... And Montferrand built the fourth cathedral.
After the victory over Napoleon, Alexander I ordered to develop a new project for St. Isaac's Cathedral. The conditions of the competition contained a requirement to preserve the altars. The first competition was held in 1816, but no one was able to enter the altars. Two years later, a second competition was announced. And then came the brilliant Montferrand. Apparently, not too hoping to get an order, he presented his project on two sheets of paper. But the Rinaldi altars turned out to be so well inscribed that Alexander I chose this one out of 24 projects.
Montferrand was appointed the lead architect of the Ministry of the Court, with a salary of 8,000 a year. At that time, Alexander I's assistant was Betancourt. He showed himself well in Europe, and in Russia he was appointed Minister of Road and Underground Construction. So, the underground structures of Betancourt are still working. Under Sennaya Square, for example, he built the largest storage facility, and everything is in order with it. Betancourt took care of Montferrand and helped with the technical solutions. During the construction, new methods were used, in particular, monolithic columns, the structure of the dome, and protection from groundwater.
Few people know that the dome of the Capitol in Washington was built according to the drawings of St. Isaac's Cathedral. I found archival documents in the Library of the Academy of Sciences, according to which my students made a model of the Capitol. It flaunts in the museum next to the model of the dome of our cathedral. So the symbol of the American capital can be considered a copy of St. Petersburg's Isaac, - Sergey Nikolaevich Okunev concludes his story.
Yesterday it became known that the authorities of St. Petersburg decided to transfer the Russian Orthodox Church Isaac's Cathedral for free use. However, the city itself rebelled against this decision - more than 95 thousand people signed a petition against the transfer of the museum-monument of the 19th century to the Russian Orthodox Church. People express concern that “the transfer of museums-monuments, visiting cards of St. Petersburg, to the ROC will lead to restrictions on visiting them by ordinary tourists. There are not unfounded fears that the efforts of the Russian Orthodox Church will not be enough to carry out large-scale restoration of unique cultural heritage sites, simply to maintain them in proper condition.”
In the light of such events, we decided to recall what St. Isaac's Cathedral looks like from the inside.
It took 40 years to build one of the most grandiose structures in Europe. It would seem a gigantic figure, but when you see everything from the wrong side and begin to delve into how it works, it becomes clear that with all modern technologies and equipment, it is far from a fact that today's builders would have coped with such a period. The cathedral has only one analogue in the world in terms of the complexity and design of the dome - the Capitol. The Americans carefully protect his drawings from our restorers.
When you look from the side, you don’t think that inside this huge structure there are tens and tens of kilometers of cable, pipelines, temperature control systems - everything without which the cathedral simply cannot live. 15,000 meters have been laid here with one optical fiber. Here you can see that they used to do without all this, but one must understand that earlier the cathedral was new. When it was built, no one expected to operate for such a long period, then they simply did not do it.
Four cathedrals are today part of one of the most successful museum complexes in Russia, St. Isaac's Cathedral. The success is not only in museum activities, but also in the fact that this is the only museum in Russia that has refused state subsidies. A few years ago, the museum management weighed their strengths and capabilities and decided to independently earn money for their maintenance and restoration.
540 services are held in total in the cathedrals of the museum annually. Each is fully supported, maintained and paid for by the museum budget.
Today, Isaac pays from 50 to 80 million rubles in the form of taxes annually. The construction of the cathedral was financed from the state budget and public donations. The cathedral has always remained the property of the state, the clergy were only allowed to serve here. Attempts to gain control over the cathedral by the Synod began immediately after the consecration of the cathedral, but were thwarted by the decision of the emperor. Throughout its history, the cathedral belonged to Russia ...
12 hours - the duration of the working day of a museum employee. The annually growing income of the museum allows to significantly increase the speed of work of restorers. By the way, it was here that for the first time in Russia the mode of operation of the museum complex was tested, which later became known as the “Night of Museums”.
17 categories of museum visitors are exempted from paying a ticket. Free programs for visitors from handicapped. Separate classes for students are paid from the budget. Orthodox pilgrims are also exempt from payment.
The museum has specially designed programs for the blind, which are held on the museum's day off - Wednesday. On a weekday, the flow of people is huge, and they can be crowded, so the employees decided that they are ready to receive the blind on their day off. Here a new program for Russian museums “Seeing the temple with your hands” was born. There is a fairly large program for the hearing impaired.
The museum spent 30 million rubles on buying, bringing and installing an Italian elevator of a unique design that allows wheelchair users to climb the colonnade. Museum employees came up with a unique program, more focused on sedentary children - "See the flight of birds in front of your nose." Boys and girls, who from birth do not know the joy of moving with their own feet, got the opportunity to climb the most beautiful observation deck of the city.
22 degrees - this temperature is maintained to save the mosaics of the main space of St. Isaac's Cathedral. In order not to deny believers the tradition of putting candles, a special solution was thought out - to set up a candlestick during the service on the street. All trade in the tools of the church is allowed to be carried out on the territory of the cathedral.
The mosaic in front of you, and most of the mosaics of the Savior on Spilled Blood, were made in Frolov's workshops. This is a whole dynasty that worked in a completely unique way. Indeed, today you can see all this with your own eyes. After the revolution, they ran out of orders, which were the basis of their work. Fortunately, orders from the Moscow Metro appeared in the 1930s. Everything that is done in the Moscow metro is the handwriting of the same famous Frolov Mosaic Art Workshop. Unfortunately, when this order ended and the old masters left, the chain of transferring knowledge from hand to hand was interrupted.
22 years (15 years of research and 7 years of practical work) spent on recovery royal doors Savior on Blood. This is 600 kilograms of jewelry - hot enamel on silver, on copper, with gilding ... The chief master of this process - Larisa Solomnikova, who practically revived the technology of hot enamel on large planes - agreed to remain in the ranks of the museum staff and, for a nominal fee, lead the master in St. Isaac's Cathedral -classes for children on the basics of enamel art.
Among the permanent staff of the museum there are several special workshops: a small group of gilders works mainly for the needs of St. Sampson Cathedral, a stone-cutting workshop is constantly engaged in prosthetics of various chips and crevices of stone elements.
In 1945, immediately after the war, the previous major restoration of the cathedral began. Now it is hard to imagine: the craftsmen, themselves still hungry, did their best to use materials that were typical for the 19th century, for example, sturgeon glue. The worst thing about such great buildings, loaded with so much artistic decoration, is that they do not tolerate a stoppage of service. The greatest damage was done to Isaac during the war by only one circumstance - they stopped heating him.
Four of the four cathedrals of the museum "St. Isaac's Cathedral" wants to become the property of the Russian Orthodox Church. The city authorities have already made a decision on one cathedral, Smolny, and it will go to the diocese. There is still a discussion about the Sampson Cathedral, but the museum management is not particularly against it, since there really are not enough temples on the Vyborg side of the city, although it is a pity the effort spent on the reconstruction of practically ruins. Less than a month ago, information appeared that the church was also trying to take away the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood and St. Isaac's - cathedrals that the state never let go of. This will mean the end of museum work, if only because of its complete non-repayment.
3,200,000 tourists - that's how much the museum received in 2014. This year, a higher figure is expected, despite the overall drop in the number of tourists in St. Petersburg.
500,000,000 rubles a year - approximately the same amount in two or three years will be required from the city budget to maintain and restore the colossal building. Now this amount is fully covered by the income of the museum.
40 people - this is how Mr. Chaplin estimated the necessary number of personnel for servicing St. Isaac's Cathedral. How will the current serious scientific historical work, propaganda and pedagogical activity be carried out in this case? Who will generate new projects and pioneer museum programs, he also did not specify. At the moment, this is occupied by a team of 400 employees of the state museum, who, accordingly, are planned to be fired.
A petition addressed to the governor to cancel the transfer of the cathedral to the Russian Orthodox Church can be
And the Saakiev Cathedral was erected for 40 years, and when the scaffolding was finally removed from it, the need for construction as in a temple disappeared almost immediately. About who built famous temple, how many reconstructions he survived and what legends surround him - in the material of the portal "Culture.RF".
Three predecessors of St. Isaac's Cathedral
Saint Isaac's Cathedral. Photo: rossija.info
St. Isaac's Cathedral of Auguste Montferrand was the fourth cathedral built on this square. The first church in honor of St. Isaac of Dalmatia was erected for the workers of the Admiralty shipyards almost immediately after the founding of St. Petersburg. Rather, it was rebuilt from the building of the drawing barn under the direction of Harman van Boles. Peter I, who was born on the day of memory of St. Isaac, married Catherine I here in 1712. Already in 1717, when old church began to deteriorate, a new stone building was laid. The construction was led by Georg Mattarnovi and Nikolai Gerbel. Half a century later, when the second Peter's church fell into disrepair, the third building was laid - already in a different place, a little further from the banks of the Neva. Its architect was Antonio Rinaldi.
The draftsman's victory over the architects
Semyon Schukin. Portrait of Alexander I. 1800s. State Russian Museum
Eugene Plushar. Portrait of Auguste Montferrand. 1834. State Russian Museum
The competition for the construction of the current St. Isaac's Cathedral was announced in 1809 by Alexander I. Among its participants were the best architects of their time - Andrian Zakharov, Andrey Voronikhin, Vasily Stasov, Giacomo Quarenghi, Charles Cameron. However, none of their projects satisfied the emperor. In 1816, on the advice of the head of the Committee for Buildings and Hydraulic Works, Augustine Betancourt, the work on the cathedral was entrusted to the young architect Auguste Montferrand. This decision was surprising: Montferrand did not have much experience in construction - he proved himself not with buildings, but with drawings.
Unsuccessful start of construction
The inexperience of the architect played a role. In 1819, the construction of the cathedral began according to the design of Montferrand, but just a year later, Anton Maudui, a member of the Committee for Buildings and Hydraulic Works, thoroughly criticized his project. He believed that when planning the foundations and pylons (support pillars), Montferrand made gross mistakes. This was due to the fact that the architect wanted to make the most of the fragments that remained from the Rinaldi Cathedral. Although at first Montferrand fought off Maudui's criticism with all his might, he later agreed with the criticism - and construction was suspended.
Architectural and engineering achievements
Issakiev Cathedral. Photo: fedpress.ru
Issakiev Cathedral. Photo credit: boomsbeat.com
In 1825, Montferrand designed a grand new building in the classicist style. Its height was 101.5 meters, and the diameter of the dome was almost 26 meters. The construction was extremely slow: it took 5 years only to create the foundation. For the foundation, deep trenches had to be dug, where tarred piles were driven in - more than 12 thousand pieces. After that, all the trenches were connected to each other and filled with water. With the onset of cold weather, the water froze, and the piles were cut down to the level of the ice. It took another two years to install the columns of four covered galleries - porticos, granite monoliths for which were supplied from the Vyborg quarries.
For the next six years, walls and domed pillars were erected, and vaults, a dome and bell towers were erected for another four years. The main dome was not made of stone, as was traditionally done, but of metal, which greatly lightened its weight. When designing this structure, Montferrand was guided by the dome of London's St. Paul's Cathedral by Christopher Wren. It took more than 100 kilograms of gold to gild the dome.
The contribution of sculptors to the design of the cathedral
The sculptural decoration of the cathedral was created under the direction of Ivan Vitali. By analogy with the Golden Gates of the Florentine Baptistery, he made impressive bronze doors with images of saints. Vitali also became the author of statues of 12 apostles and angels on the corners of the building and above the pilasters (flat columns). Above the pediments were placed bronze reliefs depicting biblical scenes performed by Vitali himself and Philip Honore Lemaire. Also, Peter Klodt and Alexander Loganovsky participated in the sculptural decoration of the temple.
Stained glass, stone trim and other interior details
Issakiev Cathedral. Photo: gopiter.ru
Issakiev Cathedral. Photo: ok-inform.ru
Work on the interiors of the cathedral took 17 years and ended only in 1858. Inside the temple was decorated with valuable types of stones - lapis lazuli, malachite, porphyry, different types marble. The main artists of their time worked on the painting of the cathedral: Fyodor Bruni wrote “ Last Judgment”, Karl Bryullov - “The Virgin in Glory” in the ceiling, the area of \u200b\u200bthis painting is more than 800 square meters.
The iconostasis of the cathedral was built in the form of a triumphal arch and decorated with monolithic malachite columns. The icons, made in the mosaic technique, were created according to the picturesque originals by Timothy Neff. Mosaics decorated not only the iconostasis, but also a significant part of the walls of the temple. In the window of the main altar there was a stained-glass window depicting the Resurrection of Christ, made by Heinrich Maria von Hess.
Expensive pleasure
Issakiev Cathedral. Photo: rpconline.ru
Issakiev Cathedral. Photo: orangesmile.com
At the time of construction, St. Isaac's Cathedral became the most expensive church in Europe. Only 2.5 million rubles were spent on laying the foundation. In total, Isaac cost the treasury 23 million rubles. For comparison: the entire construction of St. Isaac's Trinity Cathedral cost two million. It was connected both with grandiose dimensions (the 102-meter-high temple is still one of the most major cathedrals in the world), and with luxurious interior and exterior decoration of the building. Nicholas I, taken aback by such expenses, ordered to save at least on utensils.
Temple consecration
The consecration of the cathedral was held as a public holiday: Alexander II was present, and the event lasted about seven hours. Spectator seats were located around the cathedral, tickets for which cost a lot of money: from 25 to 100 rubles. Enterprising townspeople even rented out apartments with a view of St. Isaac's Cathedral, from where one could watch the ceremony. Despite the fact that there were many people who wanted to attend the event, many of them did not appreciate St. Isaac's Cathedral, and at first, because of its proportions, the temple was nicknamed "The Inkwell".
Myths and legends
Issakiev Cathedral. Photo: rosfoto.ru
It was rumored that such a long construction of the cathedral was by no means caused by the complexity of the work, but by the fact that the clairvoyant predicted Montferrand's death immediately after the completion of the temple. Indeed, the architect died a month after the consecration of Isaac. The will of the architect - to bury him in the temple - was never fulfilled. The coffin with the body of the architect was surrounded around the temple, and then handed over to the widow, who took the remains of her husband to Paris. After the death of Montferrand, passers-by allegedly saw his ghost wandering along the steps of the cathedral - he did not dare to enter the temple. According to another legend, the house of the Romanovs was supposed to fall after the removal of the scaffolding that surrounded the cathedral for a long time after the consecration. Coincidence or not, but the scaffolding was finally removed in 1916, and in March 1917 Nicholas II was evacuated. Since the German pilots used the dome of the cathedral as a guide, they did not shoot directly at the cathedral - and the vault remained unscathed. However, the cathedral still suffered during the war years: the fragments that exploded near the temple damaged the columns, and the cold (Isaac was not heated during the siege) damaged the wall paintings.
It is necessary to study, even the one that they give us officially, only in the process of studying we must remember that the fake version of the development of the world that is given to us is, to put it mildly, a complete lie. Thanks to the Internet, in our time, some chronicles and books become available that accidentally survived the total destruction of historical documents in the 18-19 centuries, and a serious attitude to the facts of bygone days makes it possible to understand that not everything in our history was the way films and present official textbooks. They are not just trying to hide something very important from us - they blatantly lie to us all our lives. Everything is distorted! A striking example is the history of St. Petersburg, and for now let's consider only the history of the famous St. Isaac's Cathedral.
The fact that the facts are deliberately distorted, you understand after graduation, and then only annoyance remains: ... we all learned a little something and somehow ... Although I personally studied normally, even at school or at the institute. History, completely distorted and turned upside down, was presented in schools and universities under the flag of Marxism-Leninism, patriotism and love for the motherland. It used to be - now they don't even teach you to love your homeland - it's forbidden, it's supposed to love the West and the American way of life.
Those who are profitable to deceive, go by proven, proven methods. The real facts, which cannot be hidden, no matter how hard you try, first succumb to the attacks of doubts, distortions and mass attacks of eminent paid "luminaries" of science, leading away from the truth, and then envelop them with a veil of informational deception through which random single voices of opponents only occasionally break through. Then, after a few years, they present the fake story they invented as an indisputable truth, widely advertising the next newly invented version in the media. You see, after several years of intensified processing of public opinion by means of mass infozombing, instead of doubt, indifference to all versions is born. And after one generation of mass processing, the people no longer remember how it really was. Distorted facts form a distorted idea of the country and the place of a person in the historical process. At the same time, distorted psychological reactions of people to large historical periods or major historical events.
In most cases, the evidence is literally in front of your eyes, but people who are accustomed to more trusting official sources pass by. real facts habitually ignoring them. Total deception has taught citizens not to see the reality behind the fictional images inspired from childhood. Therefore, the people in their mass do not distinguish between the presented official information and real life. This is beneficial to people who control the entire people, lifestyle, public consciousness, to keep everyone in slavery, providing the illusion of freedom.
Petersburg was taken for research, because it is a fairly young city (so the official version says), and its history is completely written in chronicles and textbooks. History close in centuries is easier to study. So why are there gross distortions of reality here as well? Who prevented the era of Peter I, "interesting and progressive." To read the imposed story, but rejoice. The “short” history of the great city makes it possible to catch false chroniclers in a lie, to present to contemporaries the discrepancy between descriptions of historical moments and the real state of things.
Alexander Column
For some reason, the megaliths described in encyclopedias are everywhere, but not in Russia. Nevertheless, there is a megalithic object in St. Petersburg itself, this is confirmed by historians, listing common signs of megaliths all over the world.
The blank for the Alexander Column would have an approximate weight of about 1000 tons, a complete analogue of the abandoned block in Baalbek. The Column itself weighs over 600 tons. This gives good reason to rank the historical buildings of St. Petersburg - St. Isaac's Cathedral and the Alexander Column - as megaliths of the past. They look quite plausible if they are correctly interpreted, choosing pertinent facts, then you can make a description that does not detract from the greatness of these objects.
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
In the history of St. Petersburg, all the facts can be verified, as there are official testimonies and documents. To confirm the truth of the appearance of St. Isaac's Cathedral, let's take the method of cross-combining dates and events. Enthusiasts have done a lot of research for this, their results are posted in various articles and Internet forums. However, they are diligently ignored by representatives of official science and means mass media. Yes, and let them ignore - they are paid, that is, corrupt. We ourselves need to figure it out.
St. Isaac's Cathedral - pages of falsified history
To begin with, we take the history of the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral, described in Wikipedia. According to the official version, the cathedral, which today adorns St. Isaac's Square, is the fourth building. It turns out that it was built four times. And it all started with a small church.
First St. Isaac's Church. 1707
first St. Isaac's Church
The first church of St. Isaac of Dalmatia was built for the workers of the Admiralty shipyards by order of Peter I. For the basis future church the king chose the building of the drawing barn. St. Isaac's Cathedral began to be built in 1706. It was built with the money of the state treasury. The construction was supervised by Count F.M. Apraksin, the Dutch architect Herman van Boles, who had already lived in Russia since 1711, was invited to build the spire of the church.
The first temple was completely wooden, built according to the traditions of that time - a frame of round logs; their length was 18 meters, the width of the building was 9 meters, and the height was 4 meters. Outside, the walls were upholstered with boards up to 20 centimeters wide, in a horizontal direction. For a good descent of snow and rain, the roof was made at an angle of 45 degrees. The roof was also wooden, and according to the tradition of shipbuilding, it was covered with a black-brown wax-bitumen composition, which was used to tar the bottom of ships. The building was called St. Isaac's Church and consecrated in 1707.
Solemn meeting of the St. Petersburg militia on St. Isaac's Square on June 12, 1814. Engraving by I. Ivanov.
Less than two years later, Peter I issued an order to start restoration work in the church. What could happen to a tree treated according to the ship's rules in just two years? After all, wooden buildings stand for centuries, showing the majesty and power of wood. The decision to restore, it turns out, was made in order to improve the appearance of the church, and get rid of the constant dampness inside the temple.
History shows that St. Isaac's Cathedral, even in the form wooden church was the main church in the city. Here in 1712 Peter I and Ekaterina Alekseevna got married, since 1723 only here employees of the Admiralty and sailors of the Baltic Fleet could take the oath. Records of this were preserved in the marching journal of the temple. The body of the first temple was very dilapidated (?) and in 1717 the temple was laid in stone.
Fact Analysis
According to official data, St. Petersburg was founded in 1703. From this year, the age of the city is calculated. Let's talk about Peter's real age next time, there will be more than one article.
The church was founded in 1706, consecrated in 1707, in 1709 it already required repairs, in 1717 it was already dilapidated, although the wood was impregnated with ship's wax-bitumen composition, and in 1927 a new stone church was already built. In lies!
If you take the album of Augustus Montferrand, you can see in it a lithograph of the first church, which is depicted exactly opposite the entrance to the territory of the Admiralty. This means that the temple stood either in the courtyard of the Admiralty, or outside it, but opposite the main entrance. It is on the album, released in Paris, that the main interpretation of the history of all the buildings of St. Isaac's Cathedral is built.
Second St. Isaac's Church. 1717
In August 1717, a stone church was laid in the name of Isaac of Dalmatia. And where can we go without it - Peter the Great laid the first stone in the foundation of the new church with his own hands. The second St. Isaac's Church began to be built in the style of "Peter's Baroque", the construction was led by the prominent architect of the Petrine era Georg Johann Mattarnovi, who had been in the service of Peter I since 1714. In 1721, G.I. Mattarnovi died, the construction of the temple was headed by the city architect of that time, Nikolai Fedorovich Gerbel. However, in the track record of N.F. Gerbel there is no indication of his participation in the construction of the stone St. Isaac's Church. Three years later, he dies, the construction is completed by the stone master Y. Neupokoev.
With such twists and turns, the church was built in 1727. The plan of the foundation of the temple is an equal-ended Greek cross 60.5 meters long (28 fathoms), 32.4 meters wide (15 fathoms). The dome of the temple was based on four pillars, the outside was covered with simple iron. The height of the bell tower reached 27.4 meters (12 sazhens + 2 arshins), plus a spire 13 meters long (6 sazhens). All this splendor was crowned with gilded copper crosses. The vaults of the temple were wooden, the facades between the windows were decorated with pilasters.
second St. Isaac's Church
By appearance the newly built temple was very similar to the Peter and Paul Cathedral. The similarity was strengthened by slender bell towers with chimes, which Peter I brought from Amsterdam for two churches. Ivan Petrovich Zarudny, the founder of the Petrine Baroque style, made a carved gilded iconostasis for St. Isaac's and Peter and Paul's Cathedrals, which only increased the similarity of the two churches.
The second St. Isaac's Cathedral was built close to the banks of the Neva. Now the Bronze Horseman is installed there. At that time, the place for the cathedral turned out to be clearly unsuccessful - the water eroded the coastline and destroyed the foundation. Strangely, the Neva did not interfere with the previous wooden building.
In the spring of 1735, lightning caused a fire, completing the destruction of the entire church.
Too many strange events in the destruction of the newly built building. It is also strange that in the album of A. Montferrand there is no image of the second building of the church. Her images are found only on lithographs of the northern capital until 1771. Yes, there is a model inside St. Isaac's Cathedral.
It is surprising that another temple stood on this site for many years, and the waters of the Neva did not interfere with it. According to official history, the same place was chosen for the installation of a monument to Peter I - again, water is not a hindrance. A stone - a pedestal for the Bronze Horseman was brought in 1770. The monument was built and erected in 1782. However, services in the church were conducted until February 1800, as evidenced by the records of its rector, Archpriest Georgy Pokorsky. Solid inconsistencies.
Third St. Isaac's Cathedral. 1768
Lithograph by O. Montferrand. View of St. Isaac's Cathedral during the reign of Empress Catherine II. Lithograph by O. Montferrand
In 1762, Catherine II came to the throne. A year before, the Senate decided to recreate St. Isaac's Cathedral. A Russian architect, a representative of the Petrine Baroque style, Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky, was appointed the head of construction. Catherine II approved the idea of a new construction, closely associated with the name of Peter I. The start of work was delayed due to funding, and soon S.I. Chevakinsky resigns.
The head of construction was an Italian architect in the Russian service, Antonio Rinaldi. The decree on the start of work was issued in 1766, and construction began on the site chosen by S.I. Chevakinsky. The laying of the building in a solemn atmosphere was held in August 1768, in memory of such important event even a medal was minted.
third St. Isaac's Cathedral
According to the project of A. Rinaldi, the cathedral was planned to be built with five complex domes and a high, slender bell tower. The walls were faced with marble. The exact layout of the third cathedral and its drawings, made by A. Rinaldi, are kept today in the expositions of the Museum of the Academy of Arts. A. Rinaldi did not complete the work, he managed to bring the building only to the eaves, when Catherine II died. Financing of the construction immediately stopped, and A. Rinaldi left.
Paul I came to the throne. It was necessary to do something with the unfinished construction in the city center, then the architect V. Brenn was called in to urgently complete the work. In a hurry, the architect was forced to significantly distort the project of A. Rinaldi, that is, not to take it into account at all. As a result, the size of the upper superstructure and the main dome decreased, and the planned four small domes were not erected. The building material was also changed, because the marble prepared for the decoration of St. Isaac's Cathedral was transferred for the construction of the main residence of Paul I. As a result, the cathedral turned out to be squat, absurd, as an inharmonious brick superstructure towered on a luxurious marble base.
Investigation notes
Here you can return to the word "recreate". What can it mean? Semantic meaning - recreates what is completely lost. It turns out that in 1761 the second building of the temple was no longer on the square?
As these constructions are described, only foreign architects worked on them. Why was the construction of the domestic Temple not entrusted to Russian architects?
In A. Montferrand's album, the third temple does not look like a construction site, but as an active building, around which people are walking. At the same time, the central entrance to the Admiralty is again visible on the lithograph, and the Admiralty building is surrounded by a lush garden. What's this? The fiction of the artist who carved the lithograph, or a special embellishment of reality? According to official history, the Admiralty building was surrounded by a deep moat, which was filled in in 1823, when the third temple was gone. The history of the services of St. Isaac's Cathedral indicates that services were conducted in it by Archpriest Alexei Malov until 1836.
The sharp discrepancy between dates and events makes you seriously think about where is fiction and where is the truth. Obviously contradictory facts are contained in the surviving descriptions of the construction and maintenance of St. Isaac's Cathedral, that is, in state documents. This is not just an innocent confusion, this is one of the many facts proving that the real state documentation of Russia was destroyed and falsified.
Catholic version
According to official historical facts, the first church of Isaac of Dalmatia was built on the banks of the Neva during the reign of Peter I, in 1710. A fire destroyed the church in 1717. new church built only in 1727, also on the banks of the Neva. The famous Admiralty Canal was dug in 1717, along which timber for ships was delivered from New Holland Island to the Admiralty. The Amsterdam cartographer and publisher Reiner Ottens drew up a plan of the area on which this part of St. Petersburg appears differently. According to his plan, the second St. Isaac's Church is drawn with signs catholic church. Its shape is like a Basilica or a ship. On the plan of R. Ottens, the third church, built according to the project of Rinaldi, is similar to the completion of the second church, to which only domes have been added on the plan.
