Eichmann Jewish roots. Biography

Nazi recruit

As the economic depression deepened in Europe and throughout the world, Eichmann quit his job altogether and went to an SS training camp near Dachau, twenty miles from Munich, next to a then little-known concentration camp.

Here, Eichmann underwent an intensive training course, after which he had scars on his elbows and knees for life - the result of overcoming obstacles with barbed wire and broken glass. “During this year I got rid of any sense of pain,” he later boasted. After completing the training course, Eichmann voluntarily entered the SD - the SS security service. In 1935, by order of SD chief Heinrich Himmler, he created the so-called "Jewish Museum" - a department whose only task was to collect information about Jewish business and real estate in Germany and Austria.

Eichmann proved to be a surprisingly capable student when it came to the "mortal enemies of the Reich." He carefully studied Jewish traditions, religion, way of life and soon became an unsurpassed expert in this field.

Taste of power

In 1938, when Germany annexed Austria without firing a shot, Adolf Eichmann got his first taste of unlimited power over people. He headed the Office of Jewish Emigration in Vienna.

Skillfully combining deceit and rigidity, Eichmann sowed terror among the Jewish part of the population of the ancient capital of the empire. Rabbis were dragged out of their houses into the streets and had their heads shaved; synagogues were razed to the ground; shops and apartments owned by Jews were plundered cleanly. The victims were taken away everything they had acquired, they shoved a passport with the mark “Yu” (“Yude” - a Jew) into their hands and ordered them to find a country that would accept them within two weeks. In case of failure, there was only one way before them - to a concentration camp.

In Vienna, the son of a modest accountant fully learned what a luxurious life is. He settled in a beautiful mansion that had previously belonged to one of the members of the Rothschild banking dynasty, ate at the best restaurants, drank unique wines from ancient cellars, and even got himself a beautiful mistress - just like that, for prestige, although he had been married for three years.

By 1939, Eichmann was among the few close associates of Reinhard Heydrich, a man with an iron heart, and received the rank of captain. Heydrich was one of the selected senior SS officers to whom Hitler entrusted the task of the future "cleansing of Europe" from Jews and other undesirable elements. Heydrich had an extraordinary mind and diabolical insight. He noticed Eichmann's brilliant success in transforming Vienna from a "Jew-free" city into a "Jew-free" city, and realized that he would make an excellent apprentice. In a recommendation addressed to Himmler, Heydrich wrote that Eichmann was capable of "heading the entire Jewish trend." And Eichmann by that time had already developed his own concept of a practical solution to the Jewish question. He called it "Final Solution". Himmler could only dream of a better worker.

death factory

When the war broke out, one of the first to be trampled was Poland. And Eichmann got a lot of work. A significant part of the Polish population were Jews, and the first centers of their extermination appeared here. These centers were not originally concentration camps. They were created as enterprises for the destruction of people in the hundreds of thousands.

Possessed

In 1942, in a villa in the cozy Berlin suburb of Wannsee, formerly owned by a wealthy Jewish family, the high-ranking officials of the Reich entered into a final and irrevocable alliance with their conscience. There was only one item on the agenda: "The final solution of the Jewish question in Europe." Eichmann also attended this meeting.

The Third Reich carried out the largest, most massive murder of people in the history of mankind. The extermination of Jews throughout Europe, their extermination in death camps, so much so that at first it did not arouse suspicion either among the victims themselves or in neutral countries, was masterfully organized. Eichmann rushed around Europe, requisitioning the echelons necessary for military needs in order to send more and more "enemies of the Reich" to the gas chambers and furnaces.

Since the time of the medieval commanders who destroyed the European peoples with fire and sword, such diabolical power has not been concentrated in the hands of one person. More pragmatic SS officers believed that the extermination of the Jews was a secondary matter, and the main task was to win the war. But not Eichmann. He constantly and stubbornly demanded new vehicles for his victims, new contingents of guards for the concentration camps, new tanks of deadly gas for the cells.

Retribution

In 1957, a blind Jew living in a suburb of Buenos Aires became very interested in a man named Ricardo Clement.

The fact is that the daughter of this old man met with a young man who called himself Nicholas Eichmann. In a conversation with her, he said that his father's name was not Ricardo Clement at all, but Adolf Eichmann. This name, of course, did not mean anything to the girl. But to her blind father, it sounded like thunder on a clear day.

Soon this information fell on the table of Neser Harel, the founder of the Israeli secret service Mossad. Harel was able to obtain permission from David Ben-Gurion, leader of the young Jewish state, to personally lead the operation to capture Eichmann and put him on trial.

In 1958, a group of Israeli agents secretly arrived in Buenos Aires, but the Clement family had left two months earlier.

Only in December 1959 did one of the Mossad agents manage to find out that Nicholas Eichmann was working here, in the city, in a motorcycle repair shop. The agent tracked him down and traced him to a house in a dreary suburb of San Fernando.

An Israeli surveillance group immediately took over Clement's house. For several months, detectives watched a balding man with glasses, a small employee of the local branch of Mercedes-Benz. But they did not have complete certainty that it was Eichmann.

And on March 24, 1960, this man came home with a huge bouquet of flowers. Israeli agents were in seventh heaven with joy: the check showed that this date is the birthday of Eichmann's wife. Like any exemplary husband, he decided to give her flowers on this occasion.

At eight o'clock in the evening on May 2, 1960, Adolf Eichmann fell into the hands of Mossad agents. They tied him up, put him in the back seat of the car and drove him to a prearranged place.

The first thing the Israelis did was check the armpits of the captured person for a tattooed number that was assigned to any member of the highest echelon of the SS. There was no tattoo, but in its place was a crimson scar.

Ricardo Clement did not resent or protest. He calmly looked at his captors and declared in pure German: "I am Adolf Eichmann. Are you Israelis?"

Ten days later, he was already on board an El-Al airliner bound for Israel. He was taken out of Argentina, drugged and passed off as a dying Jew who wants to die in his homeland - the resemblance to a Jew played a cruel joke on him for the last time. The plane had not yet touched the runway in Tel Aviv, and Ben-Gurion had already announced in the Knesset that Eichmann had been arrested and would be tried in Israel for war crimes.

If at least someone expected to see in the dock bloodthirsty monster with terrifying fangs, he was endlessly disappointed. An ordinary balding man appeared before the court, only his eyes were still fanatically burning with fire. Eichmann was placed in a cell with bulletproof glass - the Israelis were afraid that he would be killed too soon.

At the trial, which lasted from April 11 to August 14, 1961, there was no remorse, no hostility, no grief on the part of Eichmann. Eichmann claimed that he did not understand why the Jewish people hated him: after all, he was simply following orders. The responsibility for the extermination of the Jews, in his opinion, should be borne by someone else.

On December 1, 1961, Eichmann was sentenced to death. On May 31, 1962, he rejected a call from a Protestant priest addressed to him to repent, and he was taken to death row. Climbing the scaffold, he said: "Long live Germany! Long live Argentina! Long live Austria! All my life is connected with these three countries, and I will never forget them. I salute my wife, family and friends. I was obliged to follow the rules war and served my banner. I am ready." Eichmann's ashes were burned and scattered over the sea.

Adolf Eichmann did not have the mystical charm of Hitler, the brilliant mind of Heydrich, oratory Goebbels, he was a completely ordinary person who put service to his country at the head of everything and, as a result, the unquestioning execution of orders. Already looking into the face of death and looking back, he regretted only one thing - that he had not completed his work to the end.

Eichmann's words:

"I do not work for money, but for ideological reasons. I have no ambitions, I just want to do my job and help create what you want: a secure future for the Reich and, as a result, the future of our children."

"Although there is no blood on my hands, I will, of course, be found guilty of aiding and abetting murders. But be that as it may, I am internally free. I know that I will be condemned to death. I do not ask for mercy, I do not I have served my country faithfully, I have nothing to be ashamed of."

About Eichmann:

"He dipped his soul in blood."
Unknown historian

"This man has been turned into a monster, in fact, he is nothing more than an ordinary ministerial clerk."
Wolfgang Benz, Berlin historian

And a comment:
The real White Devil!

The director of Israel's secret intelligence service Mossad in 1952-1963, Iser Harel, immediately after the Second World War, began to collect materials that he carefully concealed from his British colleagues.
It was a dossier on Adolf Eichmann.
Who is Adolf Eichmann and why was a dossier collected on him?
Eichmann, who was appointed in 1934 as an expert on Zionism to Nazi Germany's Main Reich Security Office, played a decisive role in the implementation of the plan for the "final solution of the Jewish question."
It was Eichmann who put forward and defended the idea of ​​"forced emigration" as a method of concentrating the Jewish population of Europe in places where it was easy to exercise control over it. To carry out his program, he proposed the establishment of a special body.
During the Second World War, Adolf Eichmann actively began to take on administrative functions in the implementation of the "Final Solution" and enforced his orders with deadly thoroughness and amazing enthusiasm.
Thanks to Eichmann, the Auschwitz concentration camp turned into the largest center of mass extermination of people, where about two million Jews were killed ...

Eichmann felt undisguised pride in his well-planned operations.
In March 1944, he led the implementation of the "Final Solution" in Hungary and his actions were distinguished by incredible cruelty: he divided the country into six special zones, sent troops into these zones and deported 650,000 Hungarian Jews, 437,000 of whom were sent to Auschwitz...
When the Third Reich began to suffer defeat at the front, its leaders began to negotiate in order to obtain the strategic materials they needed in exchange for the lives of the Jews, but even during the negotiations, Eichmann did not stop his savage activities ...
During the Nuremberg trials, irrefutable evidence of his participation in the extermination of the Jews was presented.
During the Second World War, the Jewish Brigade fought as part of the British army. In this brigade, a special unit "Khanokmin" ("punishers") was created, named by analogy with the biblical punishing angels. The Hanokmin unit was tasked with searching for Nazi criminals.
The Hanokmin agent network was spread throughout Europe, thanks to which, as well as the help of the occupying forces of the anti-Hitler coalition, hundreds of Nazis were discovered and captured, most of them SS employees who participated in the creation of concentration camps and committed atrocities in them.
Initially, Hanokmin was limited to handing over criminals to the Allied military authorities, but in the conditions of wartime unrest, the Nazis often managed to get away with it.
For example, in 1944, two high-ranking Nazis were caught in Hungary and handed over to the Soviet occupying forces. However, to the dismay of the people who captured them, the representative of the Soviet command expressed the opinion that to confirm the involvement of the detainees in criminal activities, stronger evidence was needed than the testimony of concentration camp prisoners, and then, on his orders, the Nazis were released.
However, the liberated Nazis did not enjoy their freedom for long: the fighters from the Khanokmin group immediately shot them from machine guns.
After this incident, the tactics of the Hanokmin unit changed significantly: instead of being handed over to the allies, Nazi criminals were immediately destroyed after being caught ...
It all happened like this: as soon as the whereabouts of the next Nazi became known, one of the members of the Khanokmin came to him in the form of an English officer and politely invited him to the commandant's office to clarify any circumstances. Instead of the commandant's office, the Nazi was taken to the nearest forest or field, where the accusation was read to him, a sentence was pronounced, and this sentence was immediately carried out.
In the first post-war year alone, more than a thousand Nazi criminals were destroyed in this way ... But Adolf Eichmann, who was not a stupid person at all and, moreover, knew something about intelligence work, managed to avoid both the dock and the Hanokmin massacre .
But only until the autumn of 1957 ...
The prosecutor of Hesse (Germany) F. Bauer informed Harel that Adolf Eichmann lives in Argentina.
F. Bauer received this information from a blind Jew who lived in Buenos Aires: his daughter was dating a young man named Nicholas Eichmann. This Nicholas turned out to be one of the sons of Adolf Eichmann.
Based on this information, the address of the Eichmann family was established - Buenos Aires, Olivos, Chacabuco street, 4261.

Harel did not doubt for a second that Eichmann should be tried, but he was well aware that the capture of a major criminal who most likely lives under an assumed name and has influential friends, including in the Argentine government, would be one of the most difficult tasks. , which he and Israeli intelligence have ever encountered.
Moreover, Iser Harel planned not to destroy, following the example of Hanokmin, the Nazi criminal in Argentina, but to deliver him to Israel, where he would be judged.
Undoubtedly, this complicated the task, but there was no other option. A very responsible operation was coming up, which, regardless of the result, would have entailed serious consequences ...
After carefully analyzing all the details of the operation and, only convinced of its success, Iser Harel went with a report to Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion.
- I ask permission to bring him to Israel.
- Act! - everything the Prime Minister said. From that moment on, the operation to capture and deliver Adolf Eichmann to Israel became the number one task for Iser Harel.
In early 1958, the house of Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires was placed under surveillance, but, in all likelihood, carelessness on the part of the secret services was allowed or the instinct of a person who was used to hiding helped Eichmann detect surveillance.
Eichmann and his family disappeared, and their trace was lost ...
In March 1958, on the personal instructions of Iser, an experienced officer Ephraim Elrom arrived in Buenos Aires, who was not an intelligence officer, but was a policeman. The choice of Iser fell on this man not by chance: Elrom had an excellent track record and, moreover, he could easily be mistaken for a German, since he was from Poland and lived in Germany for a long time.
But apart from that, there was one more good reason- almost the entire family of Ephraim Elrom died in a German concentration camp ...
Arriving in Buenos Aires, Elrom immediately met with the blind judge L. Herman, whose daughter was an acquaintance of Nicholas Eichmann. As a result of the conversation, it turned out that Herman's suspicions arose when he heard Nicholas smugly boasting of his father's merits to Nazi Germany.
The agents who began to search for Eichmann were provided with complete information containing the smallest details by which it was possible to identify the Nazi criminal with absolute accuracy: physical data, timbre of voice, and even the day of the wedding. But due to the fact that there were no wartime photographs of Eichmann in the file, which he destroyed in advance, the agents had to be content with his old photographs.
Time passed, and the results were missing. Opinions even began to appear in the Israeli leadership that the already meager funds of the Mossad were being wasted and that it was very difficult for the Israeli intelligence service to simultaneously monitor the political situation in Syria, Egypt and other countries of the Arab world and search for Eichmann.
But, despite all the negative results and opinions, the search for the Nazi criminal Adolf Eichmann continued.
In December 1959, the Mossad finally found Eichmann, who was hiding under the name of Ricardo Clement, a bankrupt laundry owner. When agents established surveillance of Eichmann's son, they found a house on Garibaldi Street, where his family lived. The house was bought in the name of Veronica Katharina Liebl de Fichmann. This is the full name, except for one letter in the surname ( F ichmann instead E ichmann), coincided with the name of Eichmann's wife...
Mossad agents began to monitor this house around the clock, photographing it from all sides, carefully studying the habits of a balding man with glasses.
Based on the results of the observation, a preliminary conclusion was made that this was Adolf Eichmann, but for the final decision to be made, irrefutable proof of this was needed.
On the evening of March 21, 1960, Ricardo Clement, as always, got off the bus and slowly walked towards his house. In his hands he held a bouquet of flowers, which he presented to the woman who met him.
The owner's younger son, usually sloppily dressed, this time was in a festive costume and neatly combed his hair. After a while, the sound of fun came from the house: some event was obviously being celebrated there, but what?
After reviewing the materials of the Eichmann dossier, the intelligence officers found that on this day the Eichmanns should have celebrated their "silver" wedding. The last doubts have disappeared: Ricardo Clement is none other than Adolf Eichmann...
Iser Harel decided to fly to Argentina to personally take part in his capture. He later admitted: “This was the most complex and delicate operation that the Mossad has ever carried out. I felt I had to take it personally.
One of his employees explained it a little differently: "He just couldn't not be there" 2 ...
Under the leadership of Harel, a plan was developed to the smallest detail for the removal of Eichmann from Argentina on false documents.
Iser Harel personally selected the members of the task force from among the best Mossad employees who had previously taken part in similar operations along with their chief. But, taking into account that the operation would be extremely dangerous, at the request of Harel, only volunteers were selected for the capture group.
The leader of the group was a former soldier of the special forces, who took part in the hostilities from the age of twelve. His track record included the release of a group of Jews from an internment camp for illegal immigrants, the blowing up of an English radar station on Mount Carmel, which was considered impregnable, and a wound received during an operation against Arab marauders.
In total, more than thirty people took part in the operation to capture Adolf Eichmann: twelve made up the capture group, the rest - the support group. Everything was calculated and verified to exclude any accidents.
In order to avoid complications when leaving Argentina, a small travel agency was set up in one of the European capitals. Given the likelihood of failure and the undesirable political consequences of the action, everything was done to hide the very fact of the arrival of the capture group from Israel.
At that time, political forces sympathetic to the Nazis enjoyed great influence in Latin America, so even if the Argentine government was notified, there was absolutely no guarantee that Eichmann could be arrested.
At the end of April, direct preparations for the operation began. Mossad employees who arrived in Argentina at different times, from different countries and even from different cities, they were placed in safe houses, which served as strongholds in the upcoming operation. A fleet of cars was rented so that agents could change them all the time, thereby neutralizing possible surveillance.
Eichmann was going to be taken out on a plane of the Israeli company El Al, which was supposed to deliver the official Israeli delegation to the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Argentina's independence on a special flight. As a fallback, Eichmann was transported by sea on a special ship, but this would take at least two months.
On May 11, it was decided to capture Eichmann on the same day, when he returned from work, and deliver him to one of the secret apartments of Israeli intelligence.
It was a classic takeover operation: at 7:34 p.m., two cars parked in Garibaldi Street. Two men got out of one car, raised the hood and began to diligently dig into the engine, and the third man was hiding in the back seat. The driver of the second car, standing about ten meters from the first, "unsuccessfully" tried to start the engine.
As a rule, Eichmann returned home by bus, which stopped at his house at 19:40. On this day, the bus arrived exactly on schedule, but Eichmann did not arrive on it. The situation got worse...
It was decided to wait, but Eichmann did not arrive on the next bus either. On the third one too...
Maybe he suspected something?
Staying put was dangerous: it could arouse suspicion and jeopardize the entire operation. However, it was too late to simply leave.
A few more minutes passed...
Finally another bus showed up. Only one person got out of it and slowly walked towards the scouts.
It was Eichmann...
As soon as he approached the agreed place, he was blinded by the headlights of the car. In the next moment, two men grabbed him and before he could make a single sound, he was pushed into the back seat of a car. Eichmann was tied up, put a gag in his mouth and pulled a bag over his head.
A Mossad officer warned, "One move and you're dead." The car took off.
An hour later, Adolf Eichmann was at the safe house, securely tied to a bed. Mossad officers decided to check Eichmann's number, tattooed on his body, like any member of the SS. However, there was only a small scar in this place.
Eichmann said that in an American transit camp he managed to get rid of a tattoo with a number.
In front of the Mossad officers was a no longer haughty SS officer, who at one time commanded hundreds of human lives, but a little frightened little man, ready to obsequiously fulfill any desire of his masters.
He gave detailed answers to all questions: "My membership card number in the National Socialist Party was 889895. My numbers in the SS are 45326 and 63752. My name is Adolf Eichmann."
According to the reviews of the Mossad employees who were watching Eichmann at that time, he evoked only a feeling of disgust. But the most terrible thing for them was the moment when he began to read one of the Jewish prayers "Sh" ma Israel "in beautiful Hebrew, which is the basis of worship in Judaism: "Hear, O Israel, our Most High God ..." 2
“One rabbi taught me Hebrew,” the prisoner explained...
Under round-the-clock surveillance, Eichmann was kept in a safe house for a week.
The light was on in his room, and the only window was tightly covered with black curtains. During this time, the Mossad officers, who carried out the order of Iser, interrogated the criminal, trying to find more and more confirmation that it was Eichmann in front of them.
When it seemed to Eichmann that he should be shot on the spot, he panicked, and fearing poisoning, he refused food and demanded that someone else try it.
The Mossad employee who was in charge of cooking for Eichmann admitted later that she had difficulty suppressing the urge to poison him.
When Harel personally saw Eichmann with his own eyes, and this happened only on the fourth day after the capture, the prisoner did not arouse any emotions in him. "I just thought how inconspicuous he is."
The next stage of the operation was the removal of Eichmann from Argentina and Harel completely switched to planning it.
On May 20, nine days after Eichmann's abduction, an El Al flight was scheduled. In order not to attract the attention of the Argentine authorities, the date of departure was not subject to change.
Iser Harel hoped that Eichmann's family would not go to the police right away, as by reporting his disappearance, they would have to open true name Ricardo Clement. And if the news of this gets into the newspapers, Eichmann will be immediately executed.

Indeed, the Eichmann family acted cautiously. At first they called all the hospitals, but did not contact the police. Instead, they turned to friends for help.
But Iser foresaw this too, reckoning that Eichmann's Nazi friends, who were in the same position, were unlikely to want to help him. And he turned out to be right.
Most of them, who decided that they were also hunted, immediately disappeared, left Argentina, scattered throughout the continent. Subsequently, Nicholas Eichmann confirmed this: “Father's friends in the Nazi Party immediately disappeared. Many took refuge in Uruguay and we never heard from them again” 2 .
In order to take Adolf Eichmann out of Argentina, Iser Harel developed a cunning plan.
Mossad operative Rafael Arnon, who was allegedly involved in a car accident, was admitted to the hospital where he received daily visits from a "relative" (a doctor who served in the Mossad) who instructed the "victim" on how to feign a slow recovery.
Eventually, on the morning of May 20, the patient felt so well that he could be discharged. Upon discharge, he was given a medical certificate and allowed, which was confirmed in writing, to return by plane to Israel.
As soon as the "patient" left the hospital, the necessary changes were made to his documents and a photograph of Eichmann was pasted.
By this time, Eichmann himself had become so accommodating that he himself signed a document in which he confirmed his readiness to leave for Israel and stand trial there: “This statement was made by me without any coercion. I want to find inner peace. I have been informed that I am entitled to legal assistance” 2 .

Already in Israel, he explained his arrest in the following way: “My capture was a successful hunt and carried out impeccably from a professional point of view. My kidnappers had to restrain themselves in order to prevent reprisals against me.
I allow myself to judge this, because I know something about police matters.
Passing through passport and customs control, as well as checking by the airport security service, was the most difficult thing for Iser Harel.
On the day of departure, Eichmann was cleaned up and dressed in the uniform of an employee of the company "El Al". With a special needle, the doctor gave him an injection that dulled his senses, and Eichmann did not perceive well what was happening around him, but he could walk, supported from two sides.
The captive got into character so much that he even reminded Mossad officers to put a jacket on him when they forgot to do so.
"It would be suspicious if you were wearing jackets and I wasn't," Eichmann instructed them. 2
As soon as the first car caught up with the checkpoint, the Mossad officers sitting in it, pretending to be pretty tipsy revelers, began to deliberately laugh out loud and sing songs. The driver of the car with a worried look told the guard that, after spending the whole night in the entertainment establishments of Buenos Aires, his friends almost forgot about today's flight.
Some "pilots" frankly dozed off in cars. The guards joked: “They can hardly fly the plane in this form.”
“This is a spare crew. They will sleep all the way, ”the driver said to this.
With smiles, the guards let the cars pass, and one of them, nodding towards the sleeping "pilots", remarked: "These guys must have liked Buenos Aires."
Eichmann, supported from both sides, began to climb the ladder of the aircraft. And then someone helpfully directed a powerful searchlight at this trinity, illuminating her path. Eichmann was pushed into the plane and seated in the first class cabin. Around the "crew members" were placed and immediately "fell asleep".
The ship's commander ordered the lights in the cabin to be turned off. Iser Harel was the last to appear.
Everything was ready to fly...
Suddenly, a group of imposing-looking people in uniform jumped out of the terminal and rushed to the plane. Yser and his men froze.
But, whatever that meant, nothing could stop them: the plane taxied to the runway and in a minute began to climb. It was five minutes past one on the clock.
The atmosphere cleared up a bit. The real crew was told which passenger they had on board.
Everything went according to plan and the doctor examined Eichmann to make sure that the injection did not harm him.
There was a 22-hour flight ahead...
The aircraft mechanic was originally from Poland and was eleven years old when a German soldier during the occupation threw him down the stairs. Later, he had to hide from raids more than once in order not to get to Treblinka, but nevertheless, one day he was seized and sent to the camp, where his father and six-year-old brother were killed. He saw them being taken to their deaths.
When the mechanic learned that the mysterious passenger was Adolf Eichmann, he lost control of himself. He was calmed down only by sitting opposite Eichmann. He looked at the Nazi criminal and tears flowed from his eyes. After a while, he quietly got up and left.
Almost a day later, the plane landed at Lydda Airport in Israel. Iser Harel immediately went to Ben-Gurion and for the first time in their acquaintance he allowed himself to joke a little: “I brought you a small gift” 2 .

Ben-Gurion was silent for several minutes. He knew that Harel was after Eichmann, but he had no idea that everything would happen so quickly: Iser had been gone for twenty-three days.
The next day, Ben-Gurion made a short speech in the Knesset (parliament):
“I must inform you that some time ago, one of the main Nazi criminals, Adolf Eichmann, was captured by the Israeli secret service, who, along with the leaders of Nazi Germany, is responsible for the extermination of six million Jews in Europe, for what they themselves called the “final solution of the Jewish question." Adolf Eichmann has been arrested and is in Israel, he will soon appear before the court...” 2
Ben Gurion's voice trembled. After the Prime Minister finished his speech, all members of the Knesset turned towards the guest box. In the depths of it sat Iser Harel. There was no need to talk about who organized the kidnapping of Eichmann.
But even at the moment of his greatest triumph, Iser tried to keep a low profile and remained silent...
The investigation of Eichmann's criminal activities was carried out by a specially created police department - institution 006, consisting of 8 officers who were fluent in German.
Eichmann's trial began on April 11, 1961, during which he was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death.
On December 15, 1961, Eichmann was read the death sentence, recognizing him as a war criminal, guilty of crimes against the Jewish people and against humanity.
Israeli President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi rejected the request for clemency.
On the night of May 31 to June 1, 1962, Adolf Eichmann was hanged in the Ramle prison.
During the execution, he refused the hood, and told everyone present that he would soon meet with them again and die with faith in God.
His parting words were:
“Long live Germany!
Long live Argentina!
Long live Austria!
My whole life is connected with these three countries, and I will never forget them. I greet my wife, family and friends.
I was obliged to follow the rules of war and served my banner.
I'm ready." one .
After hanging, Eichmann's body was burned and the ashes scattered over the Mediterranean Sea outside Israeli territorial waters.
Besides Tobiansky, Eichmann was the only person on death row in Israel...

Sources of information:
1. Wikipedia site
2. Eisenberg D., Dan W., Landau E. "Mossad" (series "Secret Missions")

Adolf Eichmann(Adolf Otto Eichmann) Adolf Otto Eichmann, 1906-1962), German officer, Gestapo officer directly responsible for the extermination of Jews.

Born March 19, 1906 in Solingen. He was in charge of the Gestapo department IV-B-4, responsible for the "final solution of the Jewish question." Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) of the SS. After the war, he fled from court in South America. Here, agents of the Israeli intelligence Mossad tracked him down, kidnapped him and took him to Israel, where he was sentenced to death.

Father - Adolf Karl Eichmann was an accountant in the "Electric Tram Company" (Solingen), in 1913 he was transferred to the "Electric Tram Company" in the city of Linz on the Danube (Austria), where he worked until 1924 as a commercial director. For several decades he was a public presbyter of the Evangelical church community in Linz. He was married twice (the second time in 1916).

Mother - Maria Eichmann , nee Schefferling , died in 1916. Brothers - Emil, born in 1908; Helmut, born in 1909, died in Stalingrad; junior - Otto. Sister - Irmgard, born in 1910 or 1911.

In 1914, the father moved the family to Linz, where they settled in an apartment building in the city center at Bischofstraße 3.

From childhood, Adolf was a member of the Christian Youth Society, then, due to dissatisfaction with his leadership, he moved to the Vulture group of the Young Tourists society, which was part of the Youth Union. In this group, Adolf was, and when he was already 18 years old. For his short stature, dark hair and "characteristic" nose, his friends called him "the little Jew."

Adolf Eichmann as a child

Until 4th grade, he attended primary school in Linz (1913-1917). Adolf Hitler used to go to the same school. Then Eichmann entered a real school (State Real School named after Kaiser Franz Josef, after the revolution - Federal Real School), where he also studied until the 4th grade (1917-1921). At the age of 15, after graduating from college, he entered the State Higher Federal School of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Construction (Linz), studied there for four semesters.

By this time, Adolf's father had retired early because he opened his own business. First, he founded a mining company in Salzburg, in which he had 51 percent of the shares (the mine was between Salzburg and the border, production stalled at the very beginning). Also in Salzburg, he became a co-owner of an engineering company that made locomobiles. He also entered into the share of the enterprise for the construction of mills on the river Inn, in Upper Austria. Due to the economic crisis in Austria, he lost the money invested, closed the mining company, but for many more years paid mining rent to the treasury.

Adolf was not the most diligent student, his father took him from the school and sent him to work at his own mine, where they were going to extract tar from oil shale, shale oil for medical purposes. About ten people were employed in production. He worked at the mine for about three months.

Then he was assigned as an apprentice to the Upper Austrian Electric Company, where he studied electrical engineering for two and a half years.

In 1928, his parents helped 22-year-old Adolf get a job as a traveling representative at Vacuum Oil. His duties included serving a large area in Upper Austria. Basically, he was engaged in the installation of gasoline pumps in his area and ensured the supply of kerosene, because these places were poorly electrified.

Eichmann's friend Friedrich von Schmidt , who had connections in the military environment, brought him to the Youth Union of Front-line Soldiers (the youth branch of the German-Austrian association of front-line soldiers). Most of the members of the union were monarchist.

By 1931, nationalist sentiments were growing in Austria, meetings of the NSDAP were taking place, and the SS were recruiting people in Linz from the association of front-line soldiers, since members of the association were allowed to engage in shooting training.

In 1933 the Vacuum Oil Company transferred Adolf to Salzburg. Every Friday he returned to Linz and served there in the SS. On June 19, 1933, Chancellor Dollfuss banned the activities of the National Socialist Workers' Party in Austria. Soon after, Eichmann was fired from Vacuum Oil because of his SS membership, after which he moved to Germany.

Upon arrival in Germany, Adolf Eichmann appeared with a letter of recommendation from Kaltenbrunner to the deported Gauleiter of Upper Austria Bollek. Bollek offered to enter the "Austrian Legion", located in Kloster-Lechfeld. Eichmann ended up in an assault squad, where he trained mainly in street combat.

Then he was transferred to Passau as an assistant to the chief of communications staff of the Reichsführer SS, Sturmbannführer (Major) von Pichl, where Eichmann wrote letters and reports to Munich to Himmler's office. By this time, he had received the rank of Unterscharführer (non-commissioned officer). In 1934, this headquarters was abolished, Eichmann was transferred to the battalion of the Germania regiment in Dachau, where he remained until September 1934.

At the same time, he learned about the recruitment of people who were already serving in the security service of the Reichsführer SS Himmler. He applied, and he was accepted into the Imperial Security Service (SD), but he had to deal not with the protection of Himmler, as he imagined, but with routine clerical work to systematize the file cabinet of the Masons.

In 1935, Adolf Eichmann married a girl from an old peasant family of staunch Catholics.

In the second half of 1935, Untersturmführer von Mildenstein suggested that Eichmann move to the “Jews” department he had just organized in the SD Headquarters. Mildenstein instructed Adolf to compile a reference to Theodor Herzl's The Jewish State, which was then used as an official circular for internal use in the SS.

At the beginning of 1936, Dieter Wisliceny became the head of the department, in which, besides Eichmann, there was another employee - Theodor Dannecker. The government of the Reich wished to resolve the Jewish question and during this period the department had the task of facilitating the speedy forced emigration of Jews from Germany.

In 1936, Eichmann received the title of Oberscharführer (corresponding to the sergeant major - the senior category of non-commissioned officers of the Wehrmacht), and in 1937 - Hauptscharführer (oberfeldwebel).

Later, Oberscharführer Hagen became the head of the department. From September 26 to October 2, 1937, Eichmann accompanies his boss to Palestine to get acquainted with the country, an invitation came from a representative of the Haganah, a military Jewish organization. However, the trip ended in failure due to the refusal of the British Consulate General in Cairo to issue them permission to enter Mandatory Palestine. The result of this was a meeting in Cairo of the representative of the Haganah, Polkes, with Hagen and Eichmann, which Hagen described in detail in his report CDLXXX-8, compiled from November 4 to 27, 1937.

After the Anschluss of Austria in 1938, Eichmann was transferred to the SD branch in Vienna, where he was to deal with the affairs of the Jews. By order of Eichmann, the representative of the Jewish community of Vienna, Dr. Richard Loewengertz, drew up a plan to organize a process of accelerated emigration of Jews. Then Eichmann achieved the creation in Vienna of a central institution for the emigration of Jews, after which the paperwork for leaving the country turned into a conveyor belt.

In April 1939, after the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Eichmann was transferred to Prague, where he continued to organize the deportation of Jews.

At the beginning of October 1939, Eichmann was included in the Main Directorate of Reich Security (RSHA), which was created on September 27, 1939. He was appointed head of subdivision IV B4.

In 1941 he visited Auschwitz, after which he authorized the sending of Jews to the death camps. Participated in the work of the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942, at which measures were discussed for the "final solution of the Jewish question" - the destruction of several million Jews. He took minutes of the meeting. The direct leadership of this operation was entrusted to Eichmann. He was in the Gestapo in a privileged position, often receiving orders directly from Himmler, bypassing the immediate superiors of G. Müller and E. Kaltenbrunner. In March 1944, he headed the Sonderkommando, which organized the transport of Hungarian Jews from Budapest to Auschwitz. In August 1944, he submitted a report to Himmler in which he reported on the destruction of 4 million Jews.

In 1945, after the defeat of Germany, Eichmann managed to escape from the Allied secret services who were looking for him. He was arrested by the Americans and could not hide his belonging to the SS, but introduced himself as a member of the 22nd SS Cavalry Division. Realizing that he could be revealed, he escaped from prison.

Then, using the so-called "rat trail", with the help of the Franciscan monks, he managed to get an Argentine passport in the name of Ricardo Clementa and moved to Argentina in 1950. There he took a job as an office worker at the local Mercedes-Benz branch.

In 1952 he came to Europe, married under a new name to his own wife, and took his family to Argentina. Until May 1960 he lived in Buenos Aires.

On March 19, 1958, the US Central Intelligence Agency received information from the West German BND intelligence service about Eichmann's whereabouts and the name under which he was hiding. The CIA and the BND decided to withhold this information for fear that Eichmann might disclose the Nazi past of Hans Globke, then head of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's secretariat.

In 1958, the Israeli intelligence service Mossad tracked down Eichmann in Argentina. The German Jew Lothar Herman, who suffered from the Nazis during the war, provided assistance in its discovery. Despite the fact that he was blind, Lothar, living in Argentina, was interested in the events related to the search for former Nazis, and was aware that Eichmann had disappeared and was wanted. So when he heard that his daughter met a young man named Nicholas Eichmann , who boasted of the merits of his father to the Third Reich, Herman compared this information with what he knew, realized that it was about the son of Adolf Eichmann, and reported his suspicions.

The operation to capture Eichmann was personally led by Mossad director Isser Harel. Rafi Eitan was appointed head of the task force. All participants in the operation were volunteers. Most of them either suffered from the Nazis themselves during the war, or had dead relatives. They were all given the strictest warning that Eichmann had to be brought to Israel safe and sound. The full list of participants in the capture of Eichmann was classified in Israel until January 2007.

On May 11, 1960, right on the street in Buenos Aires, Eichmann was captured by a group of Israeli agents. Personally, Eichmann's arrest was carried out by Peter Malkin, later known as "the agent of the seven forty" and "the man who caught Eichmann." On May 20, anesthesiologist Yona Elian gave Eichmann a tranquilizer injection, after which he was taken to Israel as a sick crew member on an El Al plane that flew to Buenos Aires to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Argentina's independence.

In Jerusalem, Eichmann was handed over to the police. At a meeting of the Knesset on May 22, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion announced that " Adolf Eichmann is in Israel and will soon be put on trial". The investigation of Eichmann's activities was carried out by a specially created police department - institution 006, consisting of 8 officers who were fluent in German. A trial was launched, during which many witnesses who survived the Holocaust came forward.

During the process, the government of German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer planned to bribe an Israeli judge in an attempt to prevent the publication of the names of some senior officials of his administration who collaborated with the Nazis.

After the end of the investigation, the legal adviser to the government, Gideon Hausner, signed the indictment, which consisted of 15 points. Eichmann was accused of crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity, belonging to criminal organizations (SS and SD, Gestapo). Crimes against the Jewish people included all types of persecution, including the arrest of millions of Jews, their concentration in certain places, sent to death camps, murders and confiscation of property. The indictment dealt not only with a crime against the Jewish people, but also with crimes against representatives of other nations: the expulsion of millions of Poles, the arrest and sending to death camps of tens of thousands of Gypsies, the sending of 100 children from the Czech village of Lidice to the Lodz ghetto and their destruction in revenge for the murder of Reinhard Heydrich by the Czech underground.

On December 15, 1961, Eichmann was read the death sentence, finding him guilty of crimes against the Jewish people, against humanity and a war criminal.

Israeli President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi rejected the request for clemency. Eichmann was hanged on the night of May 31 to June 1, 1962 in the Ramla prison; this is the second and last case of the death penalty in Israel by a court verdict.

The trial of the Nazi executioner lasted almost six months. On December 1, 1961, Eichmann was sentenced to death, making history as the first and only Nazi criminal to be executed in the land of Israel.

Rejecting the hood, Eichmann told those present that he would soon meet with them again and die with faith in God.

The last word:

Long live Germany! Long live Argentina! Long live Austria! My whole life is connected with these three countries, and I will never forget them. I greet my wife, family and friends. I was obliged to follow the rules of war and served my banner. I'm ready.

The sentence was carried out by the senior warden of the prison Shalom Nagar . After hanging, Eichmann's body was burned and the ashes scattered over the Mediterranean Sea outside Israeli territorial waters.

From the testimony Dieter Wisliceny at the Nuremberg Trials:

I pointed out to him that rumors were circulating abroad that Jews were being exterminated in Poland. I pointed out that the Pope followed up with a statement addressed to the Slovak government. I pointed out that such actions, if they really took place, could damage our prestige, that is, the prestige of Germany. For all these reasons, I asked him to allow the examination. After a lengthy discussion, Eichmann told me that under no circumstances could he allow visits to the Polish ghettos. To my question "why?" he replied that most of the Jews were no longer alive. When I asked him who gave this order, he told me that it was Himmler's order. After that, I asked him to show me this order, because I could not imagine that such a written order really existed.

Question: Where were you at the time this meeting with Eichmann took place?

Answer: This meeting took place in Berlin at Kurfürstenstrasse 116, at the Eichmann office.

Question: Good. Continue answering the previous question. Tell us about the circumstances of the publication and the content of the order.

Answer: Eichmann told me that he could show me this written order if it disturbed my conscience. He took out a small folder from his safe, which he leafed through, and showed me Himmler's letter to the Chief of the Security Police and SD. This letter read something like this:

“The Führer ordered the final solution of the Jewish question. The resolution of this question is entrusted to the chief of the security police and SD and the inspector for concentration camps. This so-called final decision does not yet apply to able-bodied male and female Jews who are to be used for work in concentration camps.” This order was signed by Himmler himself. There can be no mistake here, since I know Himmler's signature for sure. Question: To whom was this order addressed? Answer: To the Chief of the Security Police and SD, that means to the Office of the Chief of the Security Police and SD. Question: Was it addressed to anyone else? Answer: Yes, to the concentration camp inspector. The order was addressed to these two institutions. Question: Was there any sort of secrecy stamp on this order? Answer: It was a top secret order. Question: When was it, approximately, published? Answer: This order was issued around April 1942. Question: Who signed it? Answer: Himmler personally. Question: And you personally got acquainted with this order in Eichmann's department? Answer: Yes. Eichmann gave me this document, and I myself saw this order. Question: Did you ask any questions about the meaning of the words "final decision" that were in the order? Answer: Eichmann explained to me the meaning of this expression. He said that behind the words "final solution" lies the physical destruction of the Jewish race in the eastern regions. And in later discussions on this topic, this expression "final decision" was constantly used. Question: Did you say anything to Eichmann regarding the powers that were granted to him by this order? Answer: Eichmann told me that he was personally entrusted with carrying out this order in the Reich's main security office. To carry out this order, he received full authority from the head of the security police, he was personally responsible for the execution of this order. Question: Did you make any remarks to Eichmann regarding his powers? Answer: Yes, it was obvious to me that this order meant a death sentence for millions of people. I said to Eichmann: "May the Lord God not allow our enemies to ever have the opportunity to do the same to the German people." To this, Eichmann told me that I should not be sentimental, that this was an order from the Führer and that it must be carried out. Question: With regard to the Jews, what do you personally know about how many of them the “final decision” was made, that is, how many Jews were killed? Answer: The exact number is very difficult for me to establish. I have only one starting point - a conversation between Eichmann and Hess in Vienna, during which he said that among the Jews brought from Greece to Auschwitz, very few turned out to be able to work; of the Jews who arrived from Czechoslovakia and Hungary, 25-30% were able-bodied. Therefore, it is very difficult for me to pinpoint a reliable figure. Question: During meetings with other experts on the Jewish question and Eichmann, did you know or did you receive any information regarding the total number of Jews killed under this program? Answer: Eichmann personally always said the least about 4 million Jews, sometimes he called the figure 5 million. According to my personal estimate, at least 4 million Jews were covered by the so-called "Final Solution". How many of them really survived, I cannot, of course, say. Question: When did you last see Eichmann? Answer: The last time I saw Eichmann was at the end of February 1945 in Berlin. He said then that if the war was lost, he would commit suicide. Question: Did he call then total number Jews who were killed? Answer: Yes, he spoke very cynically then. He said that he would jump into the grave with a smile, as he realized with particular satisfaction that about 5 million people were on his conscience.

Son Eichmann Ricardo, born after the Second World War, said he did not hold a grudge against Israel for the execution of his father. He explained that his father's lack of remorse was causing hard feelings for the Eichmann family, and that he could not accept his father's arguments about "following orders" to forgive his deeds. Ricardo is now a professor of archeology at the German Archaeological Institute.

Hannah Arendt attended the trial in Jerusalem as a correspondent for The New Yorker magazine. In the book “The Banality of Evil: Eichmann in Jerusalem”, written by her at the end of the process, the personality of the defendant and the circumstances of the crimes he committed are analyzed. Arendt concludes that Eichmann was not an ideologue of the Holocaust, but was a short-sighted, executive and obsessed with his career cog in the totalitarian machine. In the book, using the example of Eichmann, it is proved that in the conditions of the "moral collapse of the whole nation" the perpetrators and participants in the massacres are not only "supervillains", but also the most ordinary, ordinary people.

“According to Arendt, Eichmann was not at all a monster or some kind of psychopathological personality. He was a terribly, incredibly normal person, and his actions, which resulted in the death of millions of people, were, according to Arendt, the result of a desire to do his job well. AT this case the fact that the job involved organizing massacres was of secondary importance."

The story of Eichmann's kidnapping and trial became so popular all over the world that it immediately attracted the attention of playwrights, writers and journalists from all over the world. However, the visualization of this story was successful only in 1968, when the actor and screenwriter Robert Shaw released a novel and staged the play The Man in the Glass Booth based on it on Broadway. In 1975, based on this novel and the play, director Arthur Hiller shot the feature film The Man in the Glass Booth, leading role in which Maximilian Schell performed, for several months he studied the materials of the Eichmann case and the articles of Hannah Arendt.

Among the complex and controversial issues of collective and individual responsibility for Nazi crimes, the film raises the question of the indirect guilt of the victims of the Holocaust for what happened and their passivity, and also raises the moral and ethical problems of the possibility of "privatization of the Holocaust" by the state of Israel and the implementation of the policy "An eye for an eye" .

In prison, Eichmann kept diaries, which, by decision of the Israeli government, were closed for review and use. In 1999, Eichmann's son petitioned the Israeli Supreme Court for permission to publish the diaries. On February 29, 2000, by order of the Israeli government, Eichmann's diaries were published.

Information from them was first publicly announced in March 2000 at a trial. David Irving against Deborah Lipstadt in a British court as evidence of the facts of the history of the Holocaust.

During Eichmann's trial, his lawyer was attacked. An unknown person splashed acid in the face of a lawyer, as a result of which he received chemical burns and became blind in one eye. There is no information about the investigation of this crime and its disclosure.

Father - Adolf Karl Eichmann was an accountant at the Electric Tram Company (Solingen), in 1913 he was transferred to the Electric Tram Company in the city of Linz on the Danube (Austria), where he worked until 1924 as a commercial director. For several decades he was a public presbyter of the Evangelical church community in Linz. He was married twice (the second time - in 1916).

Mother - Maria Eichmann, nee Schefferling, died in 1916.

Brothers - Emil, born in 1908; Helmut, born in 1909, died in Stalingrad; junior - Otto. Sister - Irmgard, born in 1910 or 1911.

In 1914, the father moved the family to Linz, where they settled in apartment house in the city center at Bischofstrasse 3.

From childhood, Adolf was a member of the Christian Youth Society, then, due to dissatisfaction with his leadership, he moved to the “Vulture” group of the “Young Tourists” society, which was part of the Youth Union. In this group, Adolf was, and when he was already 18 years old.

Until the 4th grade he attended elementary school in Linz (1913-1917). Adolf Hitler used to go to the same school for a year or two (?). Then Eichmann entered a real school (State Real School named after Kaiser Franz Josef, after the revolution - Federal Real School), where he also studied until the 4th grade (1917-1921). At the age of 15, after graduating from college, he entered the State Higher Federal School of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Construction (Linz), studied there for four semesters.

By this time, Adolf's father had retired early because he opened his own business. First, he founded a mining company in Salzburg, in which he had 51 percent of the shares (the mine was between Salzburg and the border, production stalled at the very beginning). Also in Salzburg, he became a co-owner of an engineering company that made locomobiles. He also entered into a share in the construction of mills on the river Inn, in Upper Austria. Due to the economic crisis in Austria, he lost his invested money, closed the mining company, but paid mining rent to the treasury for many more years.

Adolf was not the most diligent student, his father took him from the school and sent him to work at his own mine, where they were going to extract tar from oil shale, shale oil for medical purposes. About ten people were employed in production. He worked at the mine for three months.

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Then he was assigned as an apprentice to the Upper Austrian Electric Company, where he studied electrical engineering for two and a half years.

In 1928 (aged 22), his parents helped Adolf get a job as a traveling representative at Vacuum Oil. His duties included serving a large area in Upper Austria. Basically, he was engaged in the installation of gasoline pumps in his area and ensured the supply of kerosene, because these places were poorly electrified.

A friend of Adolf Friedrich von Schmidt, who had connections in the military environment, brought him to the Youth Union of Front-line Soldiers (the youth branch of the German-Austrian association of front-line soldiers). Most of the members of the union were monarchist.

By 1931, nationalist sentiments were growing in Austria, meetings of the NSDAP were taking place, and the SS were recruiting people in Linz from the association of front-line soldiers, since members of the association were allowed to engage in shooting training.

On April 1, 1932, Eichmann joined the SS at the suggestion of Ernst Kaltenbrunner. He received a membership party number - 889895, an SS number - 45326.

In 1933 the Vacuum Oil Company transferred Adolf to Salzburg. Every Friday he returned to Linz and served there in the SS. On June 19, 1933, Chancellor Dollfuss banned the activities of the NSDAP in Austria. Eichmann was soon fired from Vacuum Oil because of his SS membership, after which he decided to move to Germany.

Upon arrival in Germany, Adolf appeared with a letter of recommendation from Kaltenbruner to the deported Gauleiter of Upper Austria Bollek, who suggested that Eichmann enter the "Austrian Legion" located in Kloster-Lechfeld. Adolf got into the assault squad, where he trained mainly in street combat.

Then he was transferred to Passau as an assistant to the chief of communications staff of the Reichsführer SS, Sturmbannführer von Pichl, where Adolf wrote letters and reports to Munich to the office of the Reichsfuehrer SS. By this time, he had received the rank of Unterscharführer (non-commissioned officer). In 1934, this headquarters was abolished, Eichmann was transferred to the battalion of the Germania regiment in Dachau, where he remained until September 1934.

At the same time, Adolf learned about the recruitment of people who had already served in the security service of the Reichsführer SS. He applied, and he was accepted into the Imperial Security Service, but he had to do not the protection of Himmler, as he imagined, but the routine clerical work of systematizing the file cabinet of the Masons.

In 1935, Adolf married a girl from an old peasant family of staunch Catholics.

In the second half of 1935, Untersturmführer von Mildenstein suggested that Eichmann move to the “Jews” department he had just organized in the SD Headquarters. Mildenstein instructed Adolf to compile a reference to Theodor Herzl's The Jewish State, which was then used as an official circular for internal use in the SS.

At the beginning of 1936, Dieter Wizliceny became the head of the department, in which, in addition to Eichmann, there was one more employee - Theodor Dannecker. The Reich government wanted to resolve the Jewish question and during this period the department was tasked with facilitating the speedy forced emigration of Jews from Germany.

In 1936 Eichmann was promoted to Oberscharführer and in 1937 to Hauptscharführer.

Later, Oberscharführer Hagen became the head of the department. At the end of 1937, Eichmann, along with Hagen, was sent to Palestine to get acquainted with the country, the invitation came from a representative of the Haganah, a military organization of Jewish settlers. However, the trip ended in failure due to the refusal of the British Consulate General in Cairo to issue them permission to enter Mandatory Palestine.

After the Anschluss of Austria in 1938, Eichmann was transferred to the SD branch in Vienna, where he was to deal with the affairs of the Jews. By order of Eichmann, the representative of the Jewish community of Vienna, Dr. Richard Loewengertz, drew up a plan to organize a process of accelerated emigration of Jews. Then Eichmann achieved the creation in Vienna of a central institution for the emigration of Jews, after which the paperwork for leaving the country turned into a conveyor belt.

In April 1939, after the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Eichmann was transferred to Prague, where he continued to organize Jewish emigration.

At the beginning of October 1939, Eichmann was included in the Main Directorate of Reich Security (RSHA), which was created on September 27, 1939.

After World War II, Eichmann went into hiding under an assumed name in Latin America. On May 13, 1960, right on the streets of Buenos Aires, he was captured by a group of Israeli agents and secretly taken to Israel. In Jerusalem, Eichmann appeared before the court, which lasted more than six months. On December 15, 1961, the death sentence was read to him. Eichmann was hanged on June 1, 1962 in the Ramla prison; this is the only case of the death penalty in Israel by a court verdict. Rejecting the hood, Eichmann told those present that he would soon meet with them again and die with faith in God. Eichmann shouted: "Long live Germany... Argentina... Austria. Farewell, hello to my wife, family and friends. I was forced to obey the law of war and my flag." A noose was thrown around Eichmann's neck ... A few minutes later, death occurred. His body was burned, and the ashes were scattered over the sea far from the shore.