What events happened on August 28. What did Vanga predict to the Bulgarian Tsar Boris III? Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

1936 - The Toyota Automobile Company is founded. The founding father was Kiichirō Toyoda.

Toyota Motor Corporation (Japanese: トヨタ自動車株式会社 Toyota Jido:sha kabushiki-gaisha, TYO: 7203.T) (briefly: Toyota - "Toyota") is Japan's largest automotive corporation, also providing financial services and having several additional lines of business . The head office of the company is located in Toyota, Aichi Prefecture (Japan). The company is ranked 9th in the Fortune Global 500 (2014).

Toyota Motor Corporation is the principal member of the Toyota Group. The Toyota brand is mostly associated with this company. The company began its activity with the production of automatic looms.

14 Management Principles at Toyota (Toyota Production System)

1. Make management decisions with a long-term perspective, even if it hurts short-term financial goals.
2. A continuous flow process helps identify problems.
3. Use a "pull" scheme to avoid overproduction. The organization of the work of production requires that the consumer receive what he needs, at the right time and in the right quantity.
4. Balance out the workload. In order to create the right lean manufacturing and achieve better service quality, you need to align the production schedule, not always strictly following the order of receipt of orders.
5. Stop production if quality requires it.
6. Standard tasks and delegation of authority to employees are the basis of continuous improvement.
7. Use visual control so that no problem goes unnoticed.
8. Use only reliable, proven technology.
9. Cultivate leaders who know their business thoroughly, profess the philosophy of the company and can teach it to others.
10. Raise extraordinary people and form teams that follow the corporate philosophy.
11. Respect your partners and suppliers, challenge them and help them improve.
12. If you want to understand the situation - look at everything with your own eyes.
13. Make a decision slowly, weighing all possible options.
14. Make your company a learning organization through relentless reflection and continuous improvement.

1565 - Founded San Agostin (Florida), the first permanent settlement of Europeans in North America.

1609 - English navigator G. Hudson discovered the Delaware Bay.

1697 - Peter I arrived in Zaandam (Holland)

1735 - premiere of the opera-ballet "Gallant India" by J.-F. Rameau, in the Second edition: in three episodes with a prologue (Paris, Royal Academy of Music).

1739 - The defeat of the Turkish army in the battle of Stavucani.

1789 - William Herschel discovers Enceladus, a moon of Saturn.

1850 - Weimar hosted the premiere of Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin. The staging was carried out by the composer's friend Franz Liszt, who served as court bandmaster, since Wagner himself was forced to leave Germany after the issuance of a warrant for his arrest due to participation in the Dresden uprising in May 1849 year, which was brutally suppressed by the Prussian troops.

1851 - Through railway traffic between St. Petersburg and Moscow was opened.

1854 - The first issue of the legendary Scientific American magazine is published.

1883 - Krakatoa volcano eruption.

1883 - Slavery is prohibited in the British Empire.

1892 - Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko is accused by the Austrian authorities of distributing illegal literature.

1901 - Opening of tram traffic in Tver.

1904 - In the US city of Newport, for the first time, a car driver was sentenced to prison for speeding.

1908 - The first flight of the first Russian airship "Training" took place.

1910 - The rally St. Petersburg - Naples - St. Petersburg began on Russo-Balt cars built at the Riga Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. The famous photographer V. K. Bulla rode along with the motorists.

1910 - Montenegro declared complete independence from Turkey, now it is an independent kingdom led by the monarch Nicholas I.

1914 - Made its first flight of the first cross-tailed zeppelin, "LZ-27". After completing about 50 flights, he crashed in 1916 during a forced landing.

1920 - The All-Russian statistical census was carried out.

1933 - The British police first used the radio to catch a criminal. According to the BBC, signs of a criminal suspected of murder were transmitted.

1936 - In Italy, the National Circuit was opened. The race track, located next to the royal park "Monza", has long been legendary. It has been rebuilt several times, and is constantly (with the exception of one year) the venue for the Italian Grand Prix in Formula 1 racing.

1938 - In the English city of Nottingham, a major chess tournament ended, in which the strongest chess players of the world took part, including four world champions - E. Lasker, H.-R. Capablanca, A. Alekhin, M. Euwe. Together with Capablanca, the young Soviet chess player Mikhail Botvinnik shared the victory in the tournament. At home, he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.

1941 - The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was adopted, which marked the beginning of the deportation of the Volga Germans to a special settlement in Siberia and Kazakhstan.

1946 - The United States vetoed Mongolia and Albania's accession to the UN.

1952 - Paul Morris performed the first clinical transthoracic pacing in a human with ventricular asystole.

1956 - A monument to Ivan Franko was unveiled in Kyiv.

1960 - The first World Aerobatics Championship begins in Bratislava.

1961 - Hockey Hall of Fame opened in Toronto.

1963 - Martin Luther King delivers his famous "I Have a Dream" speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.

1963 - The world's longest pontoon bridge - about 2.5 km - connects Seattle and Bellevue.

1966 - The right to strike has been abolished in Argentina.

1968 - The single "The Doors" - "Hello, I Love You" sold one million copies.

1976 - An artificial gene is synthesized for the first time in Massachusetts.

1986 - Tina Turner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

1988 - There was a tragedy during an air show at the Ramstein military base.

1993 - the crash of the Yak-40 in Khorog (Tajikistan). 82 people died - the worst plane crash in the country.

1994 - After 290 years of use in Russia, kopecks were withdrawn from circulation.

1997 - Government Decree Russian Federation“On the establishment of scholarships to them. Bulat Okudzhava for students of the Literary Institute. A. M. Gorky.

1998 - Hurricane Bonnie in the USA.

2000 - In London began the largest street festival in Europe - Notting Hill Carnival.

2003 - Widespread blackout in London.

2008 - Earthquake in the area of ​​Lake Baikal with a magnitude of ~9.

Today, August 28, is the 240th day of the Gregorian calendar. This means that only 125 days are left before the New Year.

August 28 in history

Orthodox and Catholics today celebrate the big religious holiday- . This is the most important event in the history of the Orthodox Church and Christian faith in general, dedicated to the memory of the death of the Mother of God.

This day is also considered the beginning young Indian summer, which will last until September 14, the day of Simeon the Pilot. During this period, nature will pamper people with warm and dry weather after a significant cold snap. Not to be confused with the Indian summer, which will come in the second half of September.

In 1855 On August 28, the third railway in the Russian Empire was opened, which provided communication between Moscow and St. Petersburg. The duration of the Nikolaevskaya road (which was renamed the Oktyabrskaya in 1923) was 645 kilometers.

In 1904 for the first time in history, a car driver was sentenced to prison for speeding. It happened in Newport, USA.

In 1937 On this day, the largest Japanese automobile corporation "Toyota" was founded. Interestingly, at the beginning of its activity, the company was engaged in the production of automatic looms. The founder is Kiichiro Toyoda.

In 1948 the outstanding Soviet actress Natalya Georgievna was born. She became known for her roles in the films "Autumn Marathon", "The Lonely Are Given a Hostel" and "Sweet Woman".

In 1986 The famous American singer Tina Turner was awarded her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Photo: Instagram tinaturner.argentina

In addition to these significant events, the German thinker Johann Goethe, the Soviet writer Arkady Strugatsky, the author of Pokemon Satoshi Tajiri were born on August 28. And among the dead on this day, one can single out the Spanish football player Antonio Puerta.

Our Most Holy Lady Theotokos celebrated holy Russian Orthodox Church as one of great twelfth non-passing feasts(August 15 old style). The holiday is called Assumption ("falling asleep"), because Mother of God she died quietly, as if falling asleep, and most importantly, she is called so for the short stay of her body in the tomb, since three days later she was resurrected by the Lord and ascended into heaven.

Getting ready for this holiday two weeks fast.

Assumption post

Assumption post- the last of the multi-day posts in a year. It continues from 14 to 27 August. The strictness of the rules Assumption post superior and Petrovsky , and Filippovsky, inferior Great Lent . On Monday, Wednesday and Friday, the Church Charter prescribes during Dormition Fast"dry food", on Tuesday and Thursday - boiled food, but without oil, on Saturdays and Sundays wine and oil are allowed.

Each true believer of the Orthodox faith should strive observe bodily and spiritual fasts established Holy Russian Orthodox Church.

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

- Dormition Holy Mother of God. Dormition Holy Lady Our Mother of God is celebrated by the Holy Russian Orthodox Church as one of the great twelfth non-passing feasts on August 28 (August 15 old style). The holiday is called Assumption (“falling asleep”), because the Mother of God died quietly, as if falling asleep, and most importantly, it is called so for the short stay of her body in the tomb, because after three days She was resurrected by the Lord and ascended to heaven.

It is necessary to prepare for this holiday with a two-week fast.

- veneration of the Icon of Sophia, the Wisdom of God (Novgorod);

- Revered icons of the Assumption of the Mother of God: Kiev-Pechersk (1073), Bakhchisaray, Ovinovskaya (1425), Pskov-Pechersk (1472), Seven-City (XV) and Pyukhtitskaya (XVI);

- veneration of the Mozdok (XIII), Atskur (I), Tsilkan (IV), Vlaherna (Georgian), Vladimir-Rostov (XII), Gaenat (XIII), Chukhloma (XIV), Surdeg (1530), Tupichev (XVII) icons Dormition of the Mother of God;

- the memory of the Monk Macarius the Roman, hegumen, and the Monk Khariton;

- the memory of the New Hieromartyr Presbyter Andrei (Volyansky);

- the memory of St. Christ of Ioannina (Greek);

- the memory of St. Stephen, the elder of Vyatkinsky (1890);

- the memory of the New Martyr Priest Pavel Szhayko and Presbyter John Grabovitsky in Poland (1943).

The full name of the holiday is the Assumption of Our Most Holy Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary. Both in the Orthodox and in catholic church it is dedicated to the date of the death of the Mother of God.The feast of the Assumption began to be celebrated in the days of early Christianity. By the 6th century, this day was already celebrated everywhere. The first documented date when this holiday was officially established is 582. In Orthodoxy, the Assumption is one of the twelve feasts - that is, the twelve most important (after Easter) holidays. It is preceded by a two-week Assumption Fast, the strictest after Great Lent. Our ancestors often associated the Mother of God with the ancient deity - the Mother of the Raw Earth, therefore, on the day of the Assumption, the earth was considered a birthday girl. AT

holiday, it was forbidden to walk barefoot on the ground, and also to stick any sharp objects into it - neither stakes, nor shovels, nor other tools. On this day, it was customary to pickle cucumbers and sauerkraut (Photo: Maciej Czekajewski, Shutterstock) The holiday was sometimes called Dozhinok, because at that time they finished reaping the bread. Since it was mainly women who participated in the harvest, in the old days the time of rest after the Assumption was called the young Indian summer, which lasted until Ivan the Lent, that is, until September 11th. Finally, the peasant women went out into the field, tied sickles with straw and rolled on the ground, asking the stubble to return the strength spent on harvesting. After that, the last sheaf was dressed up in a sundress and a kokoshnik and carried to the village with songs. On Assumption, peasants often brought seeds or ears of various breads to church for consecration and blessing. After that they arranged general feasts - clubbing; for them they brewed beer, roasted sheep, baked pies. Rich people fed their poor neighbors. The Dormition was also called Pickling, because on this day it was customary to pickle cucumbers and sauerkraut. In winter, cabbage soup, pickles were cooked with them, and they were also consumed with potatoes and bread.

From the Dormition the sun falls asleep. Reaper, reaper, give my snare to the pestle, to the threshing, to the threshing, to the crooked spindle (the reapers say, rolling on the field).The end of the harvest; clubbing, fraternal beer, the last, birthday sheaf.To plow until Dormition - press an extra shock.Pickle cucumbers on the Dormition, chop cabbage on Sergius.Young Indian summer from Assumption to Semyon day (September 14).See off the Assumption, meet autumn.Young Indian summer begins, and the sun falls asleep!To plow until the Assumption - to press an extra mop.Winter this three days before the Dormition and three days after the Dormition.To Petrov to look up the days, to Ilyin - to fence, to the Savior - to sow.The beginning of the young Indian summer before September 11, and if the weather is good, then the old Indian summer from September 13-21 was expected to be rainy.

The First Most Pure, the first Lady, the ladies - this holiday is known among the people as the Assumption - dozhinki, obzhinki, osporinki. The peasants dedicated this holiday to the end of the harvest and the meeting of autumn.

On this day, in many places, seeds and ears of various breads were brought to the church for blessing and consecration, and a small handful of uncut ears were left on the field, tied with a ribbon - “curled the beard” and sentenced:

“God grant that next summer there will be a good harvest!”

Dormition - the end of the harvest, clubbing, brotherly beer, they brewed beer on a worldly fold, killed a ram, baked pies and called relatives and neighbors to a feast.

Today it is customary to lay tables in houses. The reapers handed over to the owner and hostess a wreath woven from ears, which was then kept in the red corner of the hut. According to legend, it brings good luck and protects the house from evil spirits.

On the day of the Assumption, they arranged a worldly feast, baked pies from new flour, and it is considered a great sin to drop at least a crumb from the table, and even more so to step on it, they brewed fraternal beer. Near the birthday sheaf in the yard, fun was noisy until late in the day. The youth led round dances.

With the Assumption, summer finally turns to autumn, and the first meeting of autumn is celebrated, the young Indian summer begins.

If the weather is calm and clear on this day, the autumn will be the same.

The Feast of the Assumption (Death) of the Most Holy Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary is listed as one of the twelve (twelfth) main holidays of the Orthodox Church. It is preceded by a strict Assumption Fast and is celebrated by the Orthodox Church in a new style - August 28.

Dormition of Our Most Holy Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary. Dormition is the end of the earthly life of the Mother of God and her resettlement into heavenly life.

After the ascension of Jesus Christ into heaven, the Most Holy Theotokos lived on earth for 15 years. She lived in Jerusalem with the evangelist John the Theologian, to whom Jesus bequeathed to take care of his mother and be with her instead of her son, and she for him instead of a mother. Mary preached about Christ the Savior. She often visited those places where her son was during his earthly life. One day, the archangel Gabriel appeared to her and said that she would die in three days. And so it happened. The Mother of God, as it were, fell asleep on a bed.The body was buried in the Gethsemane cave. But three days later it was discovered that the tomb was empty, and the Mother of God herself ascended to heaven.

Every year on August 28, an important memorable date is celebrated in Montenegro - the Day of declaring the country a kingdom. From 1515 to 1851 Montenegro was ruled by lords - spiritual leaders. When Danilo I renounced the priesthood, he became the first secular leader of the state. Power after his assassination in 1860 was inherited by Nikola I Petrovich-Njegosh. Nikola I Petrovich-Njegosh (Nikola I Mirkov Petrović-Njegoš, October 7, 1841 - March 2, 1921) - Prince (1860-1910), and then King (1910-1918) of Montenegro. Also known as the poet of a popular song in Montenegro called the Serbian Marseillaise. On August 28, 1910, in the anniversary year of the 50th anniversary of his reign, following the common European tradition, as well as strengthening his sovereign power, Nikola I proclaimed the Principality of Montenegro a kingdom, and he himself became its first king. Four years later, on the eve of the First World War, he assumed the extraordinary powers of an autocratic monarch.

The feast on the Museum Embankment (Museumsuferfest) is the culmination of the cultural life of Frankfurt am Main (Germany) - it is one of the largest and most significant cultural holidays and festivals in Europe. The festival takes place annually on the last weekend of August for three days.The Museum Embankment (Museumsufer) is an embankment on the south bank of the Main River in Frankfurt in the area between the Eiserner-Steg and Friedensbrücke bridges. It got its name because of the large number of museums that are located on it, and is cultural center city, as many cultural and urban events take place here. In general, the people of Frankfurt love to celebrate and have fun, and one of their favorite holidays is the Museum Embankment Festival, which also attracts more than 3 million tourists to the city every year.

Festival of Arts "Apollonia" - 2015 in Sozopol (Sozopol). The date of the holiday is unique for each year.

Feast on the Museum Embankment (Museumsuferfest) in Frankfurt am Main - 2015. The date of the holiday is unique for each year. The holiday is one of the largest and most significant cultural holidays and festivals in Europe.

Izmir International Fair in Turkey - 2015. The date of the holiday is unique for each year.

Onam Festival in India - 2015. The date of the holiday is unique for each year. Onam Festival is a harvest festival celebrated in the state of Kerala. Wine Festival in Limassol - 2015. The date of the holiday is unique for each year. The Limassol Wine Festival is a grandiose wine festival that has been held since 1961.

DevelopmentsAugust 28 occurred in the world, in different years

George Buckingham was born on August 28, 1592 at Brooksby, Leicestershire. full name and surname George Villiers, Villiers; Duke of Buckingham; Buckingham, Buckingham; Buckingham was an English statesman, favorite of James I and Charles I of Stuart. He died August 23, 1628, at Portsmouth.

On August 28, 1677, the United Russian-Ukrainian army, led by Prince Grigory Grigoryevich Romodanovsky and Hetman Ivan Samoylovich, defeated the Turkish army in the decisive battle on August 28 in the 1st Chigirinsky campaign.

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was born on August 28, 1743, one of the founders of modern chemistry. He was guillotined on May 8, 1794, the day the trial took place.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe was born on August 28, 1749, the founder of German literature of the New Age, thinker and naturalist. He died on March 22, 1832, in Weimar.

August 28, 1871 German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss (04/30/1777 - 02/23/1855) observed a solar eclipse.

August 28, 1878 was born an American physician and pathologist George Hoyt Whipple (Whipple) - one of the authors of the so-called hepatic method of treatment of pernicious anemia. Nobel Prize (1934, jointly with pathophysiologist and hematologist George Richardson Minot and hematologist William Parry Murphy). Died February 1, 1976.

On August 28, 1909, in the village of Yaroslavka, now the Bobrovitsky district of the Chernihiv region of Ukraine, Demid Yakovlevich Shevenok was born into a peasant family - the commander of the battery of the 137th artillery regiment of the 13th army of the North-Western Front, Hero Soviet Union. Died July 3, 1986.

August 28, 1914 (August 15, old style) in the Polynovka estate, near the town of Borovichi, now Novgorod region died Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov - Russian composer and conductor, member of the Belyaevsky circle. Master of symphonic and piano miniatures. Symphonic paintings "Baba Yaga" (1904), "Kikimora" (1909) and others (based on fairy tales), arrangements of Russian folk songs. Professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory (since 1886). Buried in Petersburg. Born May 11 (April 29 O.S.) 1855, in St. Petersburg, in a family of musicians.

On August 28, 1917, L. G. Kornilov radioed a statement about his goals - bringing the war to victory and convening the Constituent Assembly, and moved parts of the 3rd Cavalry Corps of General Alexander Mikhailovich Krymov to Petrograd.

On August 28, 1925, the Russian Soviet writer Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky was born in Batumi. Science fiction stories and novels are marked by attention to the inner world of the characters, "realistic" details, humor. Screenwriter and translator who, in collaboration with his brother Boris Strugatsky (1933-2012), created dozens of works that are considered classics of modern scientific and socio-philosophical fiction. He died on October 12, 1991, in Moscow.

On August 28, 1926, the Russian passenger steamship Burevestnik hit a pier in Kronstadt and sank. About 300 people died in this shipwreck.

August 28, 1938 was born Elvira Mikhailovna Maslova - Soviet and Russian animator, Honored Artist of the RSFSR. She studied at the Moscow Art School "In Memory of 1905" (1954-1959), at the courses of animators at the Soyuzmultfilm film studio (1959-1961), then worked there as an animator for cartoon films (1961-1997). He teaches at VGIK. Member of the All-Russian public organization "Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation"

Actor Vladimir Sergeevich Ivashov was born on August 28, 1939. Vladimir Sergeevich Ivashov Since 1963 in the Theater-Studio of a film actor. World fame brought Ivashov debut in the film by Grigory Naumovich Chukhrai "The Ballad of a Soldier" (1959), whose hero Alyosha became a symbol of the Russian soldier. Filmed in the films: Clouds over Borsk (1960), Hero of Our Time (1965), New Adventures of the Elusive (1968), Crown of the Russian Empire, or Elusive Again (1971), Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat (1975), "Inquiry of the Pirks Pilot" (1977), "Across the Gobi and Khingan" (1981, State Prize of Mongolia), "Thirtieth" - destroy! (1992) and others. He died on the night of March 23, 1995 in Moscow, in the 1st Gradskaya hospital at the age of 56 after an exacerbation of a stomach ulcer.

On August 28, 1941, the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council issued a decree on the liquidation of the Autonomous Republic of the Volga Germans and on the deportation of more than 400,000 local Germans to Siberia and Kazakhstan under the pretext that there were a large number spies and saboteurs.

August 28, 1943 in Arzamas, in a military family was born Valentina Borisovna Zavorotnyuk - Soviet and Russian theater actress, People's Artist of Russia (1993). She started acting on stage at the age of 13. She graduated from GITIS, the course of Anatoly Vasilievich Efros, after which she moved to Astrakhan at the invitation of the local Youth Theater. Now he lives in Moscow.

On August 28, 1943, Ivan Stepanovich Konev was awarded the rank of Army General and the Order of Suvorov, I degree.

Actress Natalya Georgievna Gundareva was born on August 28, 1948 in Moscow. Since 1971 - at the Moscow Mayakovsky Theater, People's Artist of Russia (1986), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1984). Passed away May 15, 2005.

On August 28, 1965, the All-Union Day of Oil and Gas Industry Workers was established (celebrated on the first Sunday of September).

On August 28, 1968, the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia declared the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia illegal.

On August 28, 1979, the Russian writer, public figure, Hero of Socialist Labor Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov died. Born November 28 (November 15 old style) 1915 in Petrograd.

August 28, 1981 was born Eldar Izmitdinovich Salavatov - director and screenwriter. Genres: action, melodrama, comedy. Screenplay for the film: "Antikiller DK: Love without memory" (2009). Directors for films: "Capture" (TV series, 2015 - ...), "Sviridovs" (TV series, 2013 - ...), "Caesar" (TV series, 2013), "Moms" (2012), "Pyrammmida" ( 2011), "Antikiller D.K: Love Without Memory" (2009), "Ada's Family" (2008).

On August 28, 1986, the Council of Ministers adopted a resolution facilitating the departure of Soviet citizens abroad for both temporary and permanent residence.

On August 28, 1990, a professional scientific network that grew up in the depths of the Institute of Atomic Energy named after I.V. Kurchatov and the IPK of the Minavtoprom and brought together physicists and programmers connected to the Internet, laying the foundation for modern Russian networks.

On August 28, 1993, the troops of the former President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia captured several cities in Western Georgia.

On August 28, 2005, an incident occurred during a flight at Perm's Bolshoye Savino airport: the senators were detained for three hours due to their refusal to "follow the requirements of the border guards" to inspect the aircraft, which had diplomatic immunity. Later, the Russian Foreign Ministry expressed regret "in connection with the misunderstanding that had arisen and the inconvenience caused to the senators." In his book, Obama referred to the incident as one of the moments during his journey "that were reminiscent of Cold War days." This trip was organized as part of the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program and Barack Obama flew to Russia to inspect Russian nuclear facilities with Republican Senator Richard Lugar.

On August 28, 2008, the Georgian Parliament adopted a resolution instructing the executive branch to break off diplomatic relations with Russia.

On August 28, 2009, a funeral service was held in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior Soviet writer Sergei Mikhalkov. Born March 13 (February 28 O.S.) 1913 in Moscow; died August 27, 2009, ibid.

August 28, 2010 Spanish singer Julio Iglesias got married. His wife was a former model, a young and beautiful Danish Miranda Joanna Maria Rinisburger, born in 1965, with whom they lived in a civil marriage for 20 years.

On August 28, 2014, Ilya Nikolaevich Gubin was awarded the Order of Glory and Honor, III degree, in recognition of his assistance in the construction of the Church of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious in Nizhny Novgorod.

1565 - San Agostin, Florida, founded, the first permanent European settlement in North America. 1609 - English navigator G. Hudson discovered Delaware Bay. 1697 - Peter the Great arrived in Zaandam (Holland) 1739 - The defeat of the Turkish army in the battle of Stavuchany. 1789 - William Herschel discovers Enceladus, a moon of Saturn. 1790 - Battle of Cape Tendra. 1850 - Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premiered in Weimar. The staging was carried out by the composer's friend Franz Liszt, who served as court bandmaster, since Wagner himself was forced to leave Germany after the issuance of a warrant for his arrest due to participation in the Dresden uprising in May 1849, which was brutally suppressed by Prussian troops. 1851 - Through railway traffic was opened between St. Petersburg and Moscow. 1854 - The first issue of the legendary Scientific American is published. 1883 - Eruption of the volcano Krakatau. Slavery is prohibited in the British Empire. 1892 - Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko is accused by the Austrian authorities of distributing illegal literature. 1901 - Opening of tram traffic in Tver. 1904 - In the US city of Newport, a car driver is sentenced to prison for the first time for speeding. 1908 - The first flight of the first Russian airship "Training" took place. 1910 - The St. Petersburg - Naples - St. Petersburg motor rally began on Russo-Balt cars built at the Riga Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. The famous photographer V. K. Bulla rode along with the motorists. - Montenegro declared full independence from Turkey, now it is an independent kingdom led by the monarch Nicholas I. 1914 - The first cross-tailed zeppelin, "LZ-27", made its first flight. After completing about 50 flights, he crashed in 1916 during an emergency landing. 1920 - All-Russian statistical census was carried out. 1933 - British police use radio for the first time to catch a criminal. According to the BBC, signs of a criminal suspected of murder were transmitted. 1936 - The Toyota Automobile Company is founded. The founding father was Kiichiro Toyoda. — The National Circuit opened in Italy. The race track, located next to the Royal Monza Park, has long been legendary. It has been rebuilt several times, and is constantly (with the exception of one year) the venue for the Italian Grand Prix in Formula 1 racing. 1938 - In the English city of Nottingham, a major chess tournament ended, in which the strongest chess players of the world took part, including four world champions - E. Lasker, H.-R. Capablanca, A. Alekhin, M. Euwe. Together with Capablanca, the young Soviet chess player Mikhail Botvinnik shared the victory in the tournament. At home, he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor. 1941 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was adopted, which marked the beginning of the deportation of Volga Germans to a special settlement in Siberia and Kazakhstan. 1946 - The United States vetoed the entry into the UN of Mongolia and Albania. 1952 - Paul Morris performed the first clinical transthoracic pacing in humans for ventricular asystole. 1956 - A monument to Ivan Franko was unveiled in Kyiv. 1960 - The first World Aerobatics Championship begins in Bratislava. 1961 - The Hockey Hall of Fame is opened in Toronto. 1963 - The world's longest pontoon bridge - about 2.5 km - links Seattle and Bellevue. 1964 - The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR canceled all restrictive acts against deported peoples. 1966 - The right to strike was abolished in Argentina. 1968 - The Doors single "Hello, I Love You" sold one million copies. 1976 - An artificial gene is synthesized for the first time in Massachusetts. 1985 - Ukrainian poet, dissident Vasil Stus was sent to the punishment cell of a camp for political prisoners, where he went on a hunger strike and soon died. 1986 - Tina Turner receives a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1988 - There was a tragedy during an air show at the Ramstein military base. 1994 - After 290 years of use in Russia, kopecks are withdrawn from circulation. 1997 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the establishment of scholarships to them. Bulat Okudzhava for students of the Literary Institute. A. M. Gorky. 1998 - Hurricane Bonnie in the United States. 2000 - The largest street festival in Europe, the Notting Hill Carnival, began in London. 2003 - Widespread blackout in London. 2008 - Earthquake in the area of ​​Lake Baikal with a magnitude of ~9

On August 28, 430, at the 76th year of his life in the ancient city of Hippo, a native of the surrounding areas died, and since 395 the Bishop of Hippo Augustine Aurelius, theologian, philosopher, writer, one of the greatest fathers Christian church, revered as a saint by both Catholics and Orthodox.

His 22-volume exposition Christian history"City of God" recognized eternal value unsurpassed in depth and literary style. All earthly states, taught Augustine the Blessed, including Great Rome, are sinful and will give way to the Church - the one state of Christ, which will endure forever.

On August 28, 1624, in a Japanese seaside town, the “liberator of Taiwan” Zheng Chenggong was born into the family of a Chinese who traded in piracy in the Taiwan Strait and a Japanese woman. Taiwan was used as a base for further military operations on the side of the Chinese ancient Ming Dynasty overthrown twenty years before - against the Qing Manchus. First, Zheng gathered a hundred thousand anti-Manchu army in the lower reaches of the Yangtze, which, however, was defeated in 1659.

Then, having planned to turn a favorably located island into a springboard for further struggle, the commander landed there with a 25,000-strong detachment and, after a nine-month siege, forced the Dutch garrison to capitulate. Encouraged by success, the 38-year-old victor had already cherished plans to clear the Philippines of the Spaniards, but an untimely death in June 1662 interrupted these dreams. In 1683, Taiwan was incorporated into the neighboring province of Fujian in mainland China.

As a child, he studied the exact sciences, painting, history, music, fencing. He was interested in chemistry and described his experiments with scientific precision. In Leipzig he studied law and wrote poetry about his first love. In Weimar he was Minister of the State Council and founded his own theater.

He was called a mystic, carried away by the "demon of poetry", a genius out of time, the personification of the German spirit, the great German Patriarch, practical realist, the first poet.
He left 143 volumes of works and more than 13 thousand letters. And the pinnacle of his poetry and philosophy is the image of Dr. Faust, exclaiming at the end of his life: “A moment! Oh, how beautiful you are, wait a bit!

On August 28, 1896, Soviet electrical engineer, inventor and musician Leva Termen was born.

In 1920, he invented the world's first electric musical instrument, the theremin. The name "theremin" - from the name of the inventor and the Latin vox - voice. The pitch of the sound in this instrument was determined by the movements right hand performer over one of the antennas, and the volume was controlled by moving his left hand over his other antenna. With the performance on the theremin, its inventor spoke in 1921 at the GOELRO congress, and in 1922 he demonstrated it in the presence of Lenin.

Later, Lev Sergeevich invented other power tools and devices. In particular, he created the first device for non-contact eavesdropping, the prototype of a modern microphone. From 1927 to 1938 Termen was a resident of Soviet intelligence in the United States, and then was recalled to Moscow and repressed. For 10 years he worked in the Tupolev design bureau - in the so-called "sharashka". However, he lived long life- 97 years old.

"Socialism is accounting." Following this Leninist slogan, on August 28, 1920, the first All-Russian statistical census after the October Revolution began in the RSFSR.

The census questions were very detailed: about a side occupation, about the profession that the interviewee considers his specialty, about disability. The questionnaire also asked: “What nationality do you consider yourself to be?”, as if it was about free choice, and not about “blood”. By the way, according to Vladimir Dahl, "neither religion, nor the very blood of ancestors does not make a person belonging to one or another nationality. The spirit, soul of a person and thought decide everything. Whoever thinks in what language belongs to that people," argued he.

According to the project of the Central Statistical Office, the census was to be extended to the territory of Soviet Russia, Ukraine, North Caucasus, Turkestan, Kyrgyzstan and Siberia to Baikal - a total of 67 provinces. However, due to the civil war and the lack of qualified personnel, 70% of the territory was not covered by it. These are Yakutia, Belarus, the Far East, Crimea, the outlying regions of Siberia, three provinces of the Ukrainian SSR and partly 10 provinces of the RSFSR. In the 1920 census, 72% of the country's population took part. In many ways, it owed its implementation to Lenin. It was with his assistance and great support that the main issues of both methodological and organizational nature were resolved.

In 1941, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the resettlement of Germans living in the Volga region" was issued. It was the third month of the Great Patriotic War, and the Germans were accused of "hiding spies and saboteurs in their ranks."

The government decided to resettle all Germans from the Volga region (and according to the KGB order, this is 433 thousand people) to the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions, as well as to Altai region, Kazakhstan and neighboring areas. Then the deportation of Germans from other regions of European Russia began, they were resettled to the Far North.

On August 28, 1925, science fiction writer and translator Arkady Strugatsky was born. Together with his brother Boris, he created classic works of scientific, philosophical, satirical fiction: 25 novels and short stories, not counting stories, plays, screenplays. The most famous works are "Monday starts on Saturday", "Picnic on the roadside", "It's hard to be a god", "Beetle in the anthill", "Snail on the slope" ...

Largely thanks to the work of the Strugatsky brothers, the very genre of fantasy literature, which was considered entertaining before them and addressed primarily to children and youth, began to be perceived differently. All their works are imbued with a humanistic spirit: not scientific discoveries and extraordinary inventions, not new worlds and unusual creatures, but people and the fate of Mankind excite the authors. The eldest in this wonderful creative tandem - Arkady - graduated from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages. His specialty was translations from Japanese and English. Thanks to him, Soviet readers got acquainted with the work of many Japanese writers, as well as with a number of works by English and American science fiction writers, which he translated under the pseudonym "S. Berezhkov".

Events that happened on August 28.

1565 - San Agostin (Florida) is founded, the first permanent European settlement in North America.
1609 - English navigator G. Hudson discovered Delaware Bay.
1697 - Peter the Great arrived in Zaandam (Holland)
1739 - The defeat of the Turkish army in the battle of Stavucani.
1789 - William Herschel discovers Enceladus, a moon of Saturn.
1790 - Battle of Cape Tendra.
1850 - Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premiered in Weimar. The staging was carried out by the composer's friend Franz Liszt, who served as court bandmaster, since Wagner himself was forced to leave Germany after the issuance of a warrant for his arrest due to participation in the Dresden uprising in May 1849, which was brutally suppressed by Prussian troops.
1851 - Through railway traffic was opened between St. Petersburg and Moscow.
1854 - The first issue of the legendary Scientific American is published.
1883 - Eruption of Krakatoa volcano.
- Slavery is prohibited in the British Empire.
1892 - Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko is accused by the Austrian authorities of distributing illegal literature.
1901 - Opening of tram traffic in Tver.
1904 - In the US city of Newport, a car driver is sentenced to prison for the first time for speeding.
1908 - The first flight of the first Russian airship "Training" took place.
1910 - The St. Petersburg - Naples - St. Petersburg motor rally began on Russo-Balt cars built at the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works in Riga. The famous photographer V. K. Bulla rode along with the motorists.
- Montenegro declared complete independence from Turkey, now it is an independent kingdom led by the monarch Nicholas I.
1914 - The first cross-tailed zeppelin, the LZ-27, made its first flight. After completing about 50 flights, he crashed in 1916 during an emergency landing.
1920 - All-Russian statistical census was carried out.
1933 - British police use radio for the first time to catch a criminal. According to the BBC, signs of a criminal suspected of murder were transmitted.
1936 - The Toyota Automobile Company is founded. The founding father was Kiichiro Toyoda.
- In Italy, the National Circuit was opened. The race track, located next to the Royal Monza Park, has long been legendary. It has been rebuilt several times, and is constantly (with the exception of one year) the venue for the Italian Grand Prix in Formula 1 racing.
1938 - In the English city of Nottingham, a major chess tournament ended, in which the strongest chess players of the world took part, including four world champions - E. Lasker, H.-R. Capablanca, A. Alekhin, M. Euwe. Together with Capablanca, the young Soviet chess player Mikhail Botvinnik shared the victory in the tournament. At home, he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
1941 - The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was adopted, which marked the beginning of the deportation of Volga Germans to a special settlement in Siberia and Kazakhstan.
1946 - The United States vetoed Mongolia and Albania's accession to the UN.
1952 - Paul Morris performed the first clinical transthoracic pacing in humans for ventricular asystole.
1956 - A monument to Ivan Franko was unveiled in Kyiv.
1960 - The first World Aerobatics Championship begins in Bratislava.
1961 - The Hockey Hall of Fame is opened in Toronto.
1963 - The world's longest pontoon bridge - about 2.5 km - links Seattle and Bellevue.
1964 - The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR canceled all restrictive acts against deported peoples.
1966 - The right to strike was abolished in Argentina.
1968 - The Doors single "Hello, I Love You" sold one million copies.
1976 - An artificial gene is synthesized for the first time in Massachusetts.
1985 - Ukrainian poet, dissident Vasil Stus was sent to the punishment cell of a camp for political prisoners, where he went on a hunger strike and died soon after.
1986 - Tina Turner receives a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1988 - There was a tragedy during an air show at the Ramstein military base.
1994 - After 290 years of use in Russia, kopecks are withdrawn from circulation.
1997 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the establishment of scholarships to them. Bulat Okudzhava for students of the Literary Institute. A. M. Gorky.
1998 - Hurricane Bonnie in the USA.
2000 - Europe's largest street festival, the Notting Hill Carnival, begins in London.
2003 - Widespread blackout in London.
2008 - Earthquake in the area of ​​Lake Baikal with a magnitude of ~9.