Cyprus. Church of Saint Epiphanius of Cyprus
Biography [ | ]
Compositions [ | ]
Epiphanius traveled extensively different countries and lived for a long time in those areas that in the first centuries were the main centers for the development of sects; had direct relations with certain sects, especially the Gnostic ones; Possessing a rare knowledge of languages for that time, mainly Eastern, he used collected works of anti-heretical and heretical, and, moreover, those that were later lost. But he didn't have a good general philosophical education, did not systematically study theology itself, why there is little criticism in his hereseological writings, much is presented inaccurately and incorrectly; chronological indications are especially unsatisfactory. Epiphany's attitude towards ancient culture categorically negative; philosophical and theological thoughts made him suspicious.
Two of his writings are devoted to the denunciation of heresies: Ankorat(gr. ανκύρωτος , anchor), where it is revealed Orthodox teaching about the Trinity, the incarnation, the resurrection of the dead and future life, mainly against the Arians, semi-Arians, Doukhobors and Apollinarians; And "Panarion"(gr. πανάριον - a pharmacy, a box of medicines), which describes and refuted 20 pre-Christian and 80 Christian heresies. Origen, to whom the most famous theologians of the III and IV centuries. treated with special respect, widely using his works and ideas, Epiphanius considers him a more pagan philosopher than a Christian and ascribes to him such opinions that Origen never expressed. For all their shortcomings, both writings of Epiphanius provide abundant material for the history of the development of Christian ideas, and especially heretical ideas, while at the same time containing a lot of information from other areas of history.
Other writings of Epiphanius:
Editions of his writings:
The best biography of Epiphanius is in Ming, vol. XLI.
Notes [ | ]
Bibliography [ | ]
Edition Greek text: "Corporis haereseologici" (1856). Vol. II. Panarion Epiphany (with Latin translation): Pt. 1 ; Pt. 2; Pt. 3 .
Russian translations:
- Panarion Translation by R. Khazarzar (modern spelling, translation and restoration of banknotes)
Literature [ | ]
- Barsov N.I.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- Vilmen A. F."Tableau de l"éloquence chrétienne au IVe siècle".
- Gorsky A.V."Epiphanius of Cyprus", in additions to the works of St. fathers, in Russian translation, vol. XXII (g.).
- Dunaev A. G. , Makarov E. E. , Fokin A. R. Epiphanius of Cyprus // Orthodox Encyclopedia. - M .: Church and Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia", 2008. - T. XVIII: "Ancient Egypt - Ephesus". - S. 557-581. - 752 p. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89572-032-5.
- Makharashvili S.I. Georgian translation of the work of Epiphanius of Cyprus "On Eighty Heresies". Abstract diss. ... k. philol. n. Tb., 1990.
- Lipsius J.P.. "Zur Quellenkritik des Epiphanius" (an assessment of the sources of the first 37 heresies of Panarius, with a disapproving review of the personality of Epiphanius).
| apostolic men and apologists | |
|---|---|
| Greek patristics | Origen†OK. 254 Dionysius of Alexandria †265 Gregory of Neocaesarea, c. 275 Pavel Samosatsky(ep) †ca. 275 Lucian of Antioch †312 Methodius of Olympus †312 Eustathius of Antioch †337 or 346 Eusebius Pamphilus†OK. 340 Jacob Afraat † c. 345 Anthony the Great †356 Efrem Sirin †373 Athanasius the Great †373 Basil the Great †379 Cyril of Jerusalem †386 Gregory the Theologian †389 Macarius the Great †391 Diodorus of Tarsus †ca. 391 Gregory of Nyssa † c. 394 Macarius of Alexandria †ca. 395 Didim the Blind †398 Evagrius of Pontus †399 Macarius of Magnesia†OK. 403 Epiphanius of Cyprus †403 John Chrysostom †407 Synesius of Cyrene†OK. 414 Theodore of Mopsuestia(ep) †ca. 428 |
Saint Epiphanius, Bishop of Cyprus, lived in Phoenicia in the 4th century, was a Jew by origin, and received a good education in his youth. He turned to Christian faith after seeing a monk named Lucian give his clothes to a beggar. Struck by the monk's mercy, Epiphanius asked to instruct him in Christianity. He accepted Baptism and retired to a monastery set up by his mentor Lucian. In the monastery, he labored under the guidance of the experienced elder Hilarion, was engaged in the correspondence of Greek books, succeeding in monastic life. Saint Epiphanius for his deeds was granted the gift of miracles, but in order to avoid human glory, he withdrew from the monastery to the desert of Spanidrion. There he was captured by robbers and held captive for three months. With his word about repentance, the saint led one of the gang of robbers to the holy faith in True God. When the holy ascetic was released, the robber also left with him. Saint Epiphanius brought him to his monastery and baptized him with the name John. Since then, he became a faithful disciple of Saint Epiphanius and carefully recorded the life and miracles of his mentor. The rumor about the righteous life of Saint Epiphanius spread far beyond the monastery. The saint departed for the second time into the wilderness with John. But even in the desert, disciples began to come to him. Thus a new abode was born. After some time, Saints Epiphanius and John undertook a journey to Jerusalem to venerate its holy things, and from there they returned to the Spanidrion Monastery. The inhabitants of the city of Lycia sent the monk Polyvius to Saint Epiphanius to convey their request to take the episcopal throne in place of the deceased archpastor. However, the perspicacious ascetic, having learned about this intention, secretly withdrew to the Pathian desert to the great ascetic Hilarion (Comm. 21 October), under whose guidance he labored in his youth. The saints spent two months in joint prayers, and then Hilarion sent Saint Epiphanius to Salamis. There the bishops gathered to elect a new bishop to replace the recently deceased one. The Lord revealed to the eldest of them, Bishop Pappius, that the monk Epiphanius, who had come to the city, should be elected bishop. When Epiphanius was found, Saint Pappius led him into the church, where, in obedience to the will of the participants in the council, Epiphanius had to give his consent. This is how Saint Epiphanius was erected to the episcopal see of Salamis around the year 367.
Saint Epiphanius became famous in the episcopal chair for his great zeal for the faith, love and mercy for the poor, and simplicity of disposition. He suffered much from the slander and envy of some of his clerics. For the purity of his life, Saint Epiphanius received the gift of seeing during Divine Liturgy the influx of the Holy Spirit on the Holy Gifts. Once the Saint, performing the Sacrament, was deprived of this vision. Then he called one of the clerics and quietly said to him: "Come out, my son, for today you are not worthy to be present at the performance of the Sacrament."
At this event, the records of his disciple John were interrupted, as he fell ill and died. A further description of the life of Saint Epiphanius was continued by his second disciple Poluvius (later Bishop of Rhinokyra).
At the end of his life, Saint Epiphanius, through the intrigues of Empress Eudoxia and Patriarch Theophilus of Alexandria, was summoned to Constantinople for a council that was convened for the trial of the great Saint John Chrysostom. But Saint Epiphanius, not wanting to be a participant in the lawless council, left Constantinople. While sailing on the ship, the Saint felt the approach of his death, he gave his disciples the last instruction - to keep the commandments of God and keep the mind from unclean thoughts - and two days later he died. The inhabitants of the city of Salamina greeted the body of their archpastor with sobs, and on May 12, 403, they buried it with honor in new church erected by the Saint.
Seventh Ecumenical Council called Saint Epiphanius the father and teacher of the Church. The works of St. Epiphanius "Panarius" and "Ankorat" contain a refutation of the Arian and other heresies. In other writings there are many precious church-historical traditions and references to the Greek translations of the Bible.
Epiphanius was born in Phenicia (end of the 4th century), on the Mediterranean coast, in the family of a poor Jewish farmer. Brought up in the old Jewish law, he firmly believed in the One True God, but by nature he was kind and honest. But, not knowing about Christ, Epiphanius could not be a partaker of the Kingdom of Heaven. Then the merciful Lord sent Saint Lucian to him, who preached to Epiphanius about the coming to earth of the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ. Epiphanius was very happy and also wanted to become a Christian. Lucian explained to him the truths of the faith, and a few days later Epiphanius was baptized and then tonsured a monk.
He led a strict ascetic life, refraining from any excess, and prayed unceasingly. At the same time, he was humble, and the Lord endowed him with great gifts. Once, travelers dying of thirst came to the monastery where Epiphanius lived, and at that time there was no water in the monastery. The travelers had wine with them. Epiphanius, having touched the vessel, prayed, and the wine turned into water. After that, everyone began to especially respect Epiphanius, and he, not wanting fame from people, secretly left the monastery and began to live in the desert. Gradually, up to 50 monks gathered around him, and a new monastery was formed.
Epiphanius performed many miracles. He prayerfully brought a source of water out of the ground and built a vegetable garden next to it. When wild animals began to eat vegetables in the garden, he forbade them, and the animals obeyed him. At the request of the surrounding inhabitants, Epiphanius killed a terrible cannibal lion. As soon as the lion looked at the saint, he immediately died. More than once Epiphanius cast out demons by prayer and raised the dead. His word was so powerful that he turned many who were mistaken from unbelief to the true Christian faith.
Finally, God called the monk to the hierarchal service. Epiphanius hoped to remain a simple monk all his life, but the Lord revealed to some saints that it pleased Him to make Epiphanius Bishop of Cyprus. Here he could no longer argue and with humility accepted the will of God.
Once, during a meal, at which all the clergy were present, a raven flew in through the window and began to croak. Then a certain unworthy deacon Karin, who did not love Saint Epiphanius, wishing to laugh at him, interrupted the divinely inspired conversation of the saint and said: “If you are wise, then tell me what this raven is croaking about. And if you say, then possess all my possessions.
To this, Epiphanius replied: “I know what the raven says: he says that from now on you will not be a deacon.” And immediately horror and some kind of illness attacked Karin, and the next day he died.
Once, two crooks decided to make fun of the saint in this way. Seeing him walking along the road, one of them pretended to be dead, and the other began to ask Epiphanius: “Father, have pity on the deceased and cover his naked body with some clothes.”
The saint prayed, took off his cloak and, covering the dead man with it, went on his way. Then the living crook said to his comrade: "Get up, friend." But it turned out that he really died. So God punished him for lying and blasphemy.
Shortly before the death of the saint, he was summoned to Constantinople by Empress Eudoxia. She greatly disliked St. John Chrysostom, who was then patriarch, and wanted to deceive the illustrious miracle worker Epiphanius into condemning this great saint of God. But, after talking with the queen, Epiphanius realized that she was slandering the saint, and did not condemn him. John, not knowing this, thought that Epiphanius was still in error, and wrote to him: “Brother Epiphanius, I heard that you gave advice on my exile; know that you will never see your throne again.”
Saint Epiphanius answered this: “Passion-bearer John, being offended, win, but you will not reach the place where you will be expelled.”
And the prophecy of both came true. Saint John Chrysostom reposed on the road to exile, and Saint Epiphanius of Cyprus died on a ship during the voyage from Constantinople to Cyprus. The relics of the saint were buried in the church, and at his tomb many sick people were healed, so that all those who saw these miracles glorified the One God in the Trinity, wondrous in the saints. Amen.
Saint Epiphanius, Bishop of Cyprus, lived in the IV century in Phoenicia, was a Jew by origin, in his youth he received a good education. He converted to the Christian faith after seeing a monk named Lucian give his clothes to a beggar. Struck by the monk's mercy, Epiphanius asked to instruct him in Christianity. He accepted Baptism and retired to a monastery set up by his mentor Lucian. In the monastery, he labored under the guidance of the experienced elder Hilarion, was engaged in the correspondence of Greek books, succeeding in monastic life. Saint Epiphanius for his deeds was granted the gift of miracles, but in order to avoid human glory, he withdrew from the monastery to the desert of Spanidrion. There he was captured by robbers and held captive for three months. With his word about repentance, the saint led one of the gang of robbers to holy faith in the True God. When the holy ascetic was released, the robber also left with him. Saint Epiphanius brought him to his monastery and baptized him with the name John. Since then, he became a faithful disciple of Saint Epiphanius and carefully recorded the life and miracles of his mentor. The rumor about the righteous life of Saint Epiphanius spread far beyond the monastery. The saint departed for the second time into the wilderness with John. But even in the desert, disciples began to come to him. Thus a new abode was born. After some time, Saints Epiphanius and John undertook a journey to Jerusalem to venerate its holy things, and from there they returned to the Spanidrion Monastery. The inhabitants of the city of Libya sent the monk Polyvius to Saint Epiphanius to convey their request to take the episcopal throne in place of the deceased archpastor. However, the perspicacious ascetic, having learned about this intention, secretly retired to the Pathian desert to (Comm. 21 October), under whose guidance he asceticised in his youth. The saints spent two months in joint prayers, and then Hilarion sent Saint Epiphanius to Salamis. There the bishops gathered to elect a new bishop to replace the recently deceased one. The Lord revealed to the eldest of them, Bishop Pappius, that the monk Epiphanius, who had come to the city, should be elected bishop. When Epiphanius was found, Saint Pappius led him into the church, where, in obedience to the will of the participants in the council, Epiphanius had to give his consent. This is how Saint Epiphanius was erected to the episcopal see of Salamis around the year 367.
Saint Epiphanius became famous in the episcopal chair for his great zeal for the faith, love and mercy for the poor, and simplicity of disposition. He suffered much from the slander and envy of some of his clerics. For the purity of his life, Saint Epiphanius received the gift to see the influx of the Holy Spirit on the Holy Gifts during the Divine Liturgy. Once the Saint, performing the Sacrament, was deprived of this vision. Then he called one of the clerics and quietly said to him: "Come out, my son, for today you are not worthy to be present at the performance of the Sacrament."
At this event, the records of his disciple John were interrupted, as he fell ill and died. A further description of the life of St. Epiphanius was continued by his second disciple (later Bishop of Rinokyra).
At the end of his life, through the intrigues of the Empress Eudoxia and Patriarch Theophilus of Alexandria, Saint Epiphanius was summoned to Constantinople for a council that was convened for the trial (Comm. 14 September and 13 November). But Saint Epiphanius, not wanting to be a participant in the lawless council, left Constantinople. While sailing on the ship, the Saint felt the approach of his death, he gave his disciples the last instruction - to keep the commandments of God and keep the mind from unclean thoughts - and two days later he died. The inhabitants of the city of Salamina greeted the body of their archpastor with sobs, and on May 12, 403, they buried it with honor in the new church erected by the Saint.
The Seventh Ecumenical Council named Saint Epiphanius Father and Teacher of the Church. The works of St. Epiphanius "Panarius" and "Ankorat" contain a refutation of the Arian and other heresies. In other writings there are many precious church-historical traditions and references to the Greek translations of the Bible.
*Published in Russian:
1. Creations. Ch. 1-4. M., 1880-1881. Ch. 5-6. M., 1882-1886 // Creations of the Holy Fathers in Russian. trans., ed. with MDA. T. 42, 44, 46, 48, 49.
2. Word on the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ // Christian reading. 1829. S. 121 ssl.
3. Word a week Vaii // Ibid. 1838. I. C. 258 ff.; 1841. I. C. 345 ff.
4. Word on the Holy Christ's Resurrection// There. 1838. II. S. 21 sl. See also: Additions to the Church Gazette. 1900. No. 15-16.
5. Word against the Sabellians // Christian reading. 1840. II. S. 281 sl.
6. Exposition of the Catholic Faith. From the 3rd book against heresies // Ibid. 1842. I. S. 303 sl.
7. Word on Great Saturday// There. 1846. II. S. 27 sl.
8. Panary or home pharmacy / Per. MDA. Moscow, 1863, 1864, 1872.*
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Athos. 1547.St. Epiphany. Tzortzi (Zorzis) Fuka. Fresco. Athos (Dionysiat). 1547 |
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Grachanitsa. OK. 1318.St. Epiphany. Fresco of the Church of the Annunciation. Grachanitsa. Kosovo. Serbia. About 1318 |
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hereseological, dogmatic-polemical, exegetical |
| asceticism |
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Epiphanius of Cyprus (Epiphanius of Salam, Greek Ἐπιφάνειος Κύπρου ; mind. May) - one of the early Fathers of the Church, who became famous for violent denunciations of heresies, one of the main sources of which he considered the teachings of Origen. His views were formed under the influence of the ascetics of Egypt and Palestine, during the most heated struggle of the church with Arianism, in which Epiphanius himself took an active part.
Biography
Compositions
Epiphanius traveled a lot in different countries and lived for a long time in those areas that in the first centuries were the main centers for the development of sects; had direct relations with certain sects, especially the Gnostic ones; Possessing a rare knowledge of languages for that time, mainly Eastern, he used collected works of anti-heretical and heretical, and, moreover, those that were later lost. But he did not have a good general philosophical education, he did not systematically study theology itself, which is why there is little criticism in his hereseological writings, much is presented inaccurately and incorrectly; chronological indications are especially unsatisfactory. Epiphany's attitude to ancient culture is categorically negative; philosophical and theological thoughts made him suspicious.
Two of his writings are devoted to the denunciation of heresies: Ankorat(gr. ανκύρωτος , anchor), which reveals the Orthodox doctrine of the Trinity, the incarnation, the resurrection of the dead and the future life, mainly against the Arians, semi-Arians, Doukhobors and Apollinarians; And "Panarion"(gr. πανάριον - a pharmacy, a box of medicines), which describes and refuted 20 pre-Christian and 80 Christian heresies. Origen, to whom the most famous theologians of the III and IV centuries. treated with special respect, widely using his works and ideas, Epiphanius considers him a more pagan philosopher than a Christian and ascribes to him such opinions that Origen never expressed. For all their shortcomings, both writings of Epiphanius provide abundant material for the history of the development of Christian ideas, and especially heretical ideas, while at the same time containing a lot of information from other areas of history.
Other writings of Epiphanius:
- "The Book of Weights and Measures" (biblical), important for the history of metrology; here is information about the Greek translations of the Bible;
- "Physiologist" - observations on the properties of biblical animals (in this work, Epiphanius owns only notes);
- “About stones” - an explanation of 12 stones that were on the breastplate of the Jewish high priest;
- About 22 prophets Old Testament and three New Testaments and about 12 apostles and 70 disciples of Christ ”- an essay valuable according to oral church-historical traditions;
- 12 sermons whose authenticity is disputed.
Editions of his writings:
- D. Petavia(Greek text and Latin translation, with notes and with his ancient biography) - "Sancti Epiphanii Opera" (Paris, and Cologne). Subsequent editions have been reprinted from it.
- Ming, in Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Graeca" (vols. XLI-XLIII).
- Oeler'a - Greek text of hereseological writings, Berlin, 1859-1869.
The best biography of Epiphanius is in Ming, vol. XLI.
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Notes
Literature
Edition of the Greek text: "Corporis haereseologici" (1856). Vol. II. Panarion Epiphanius (with Latin translation): ; ; .
Russian translations:
- Epiphanius of Cyprus. Creations. At 6 p.m. / Per. Moscow Theological Academy. M., 1863-1883.
- djvu
- djvu
- djvu
- djvu
- djvu
- djvu
- Translation by R. Khazarzar (modern orthography, translation and restoration of banknotes)
Research
- Dunaev A. G. , Makarov E. E. , Fokin A. R.// Orthodox Encyclopedia. Volume XXIXVVIVIII: "Ancient Egypt - Ephesus". - M .: Church-Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia", 2008. - S. 557-581. - 752 p. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89572-032-5
- Makharashvili S.I. Georgian translation of the work of Epiphanius of Cyprus "On Eighty Heresies". Abstract diss. ... k. philol. n. Tb., 1990.
See A. V. Gorsky, "Epiphanius of Cyprus", in additions to the works of St. fathers, in Russian translation, vol. XXII (g.). The Russian translation of his works (MDA, 1863-1883) is valuable for scholarly notes. See also Darras, "Histoire de l "église", vol. X; in Villemain - in "Tableau de l" éloquence chrétienne au IVe siècle "; Lipsius, "Zur Quellenkritik des Epiphanius" (an assessment of the sources of the first 37 heresies of Panarius, with a disapproving account of Epiphanius' personality).
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