Church of the Holy Nativity of the Virgin. Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin in Krylatsky

HISTORICAL DESCRIPTION

Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, on Butyrki, in Moscow.

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, on Butyrki, the Trinity Deanery of the North-Eastern Vicariate of the Diocese of Moscow, is located five kilometers north of the Kremlin, behind Savelovsky Station, at the beginning of Butyrskaya Street, built during the reign of Peter and John Alekseevich and consecrated by Patriarch Joachim in 1684 . According to the style of architecture, it belongs to the best buildings of the 17th century; in terms of size, it occupied almost the first place among the parish churches of that time. It was the first regimental temple in Russia, built at the expense of a regular regiment and becoming its spiritual center, therefore the dimensions of the temple were such that a whole regiment could fit. But the years of atheistic hard times fell like a pitiless flurry on this wondrous temple.

Early 20th century. View from Butyrskaya street.

And now on Butyrskaya Street from the entire church ensemble you can see only the restored bell tower.

The temple itself, or rather what was left of it, turned out to be behind the industrial building of the former Znamya plant (now a business center), built in the 70s of the twentieth century. Now, in order to see the temple itself, you need to go to Bolshaya Novodmitrovskaya Street, which runs parallel to Butyrskaya Street from its eastern side.

Our eyes will see a quadruple mutilated beyond recognition with a demolished domed part and ugly buildings attached to the right and left, with ridiculous windows punched into the walls, with pipes sticking out of the walls, behind a large stone fence surrounded by barbed wire until recently.

And at the beginning of the 20th century it was a most beautiful ensemble, consisting of a quadrangle of the temple, a large refectory adjoining it with two aisles in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. utility rooms, and parochial school and almshouses. Near the territory of the temple on Butyrskaya Street there was a beautiful building of the Altai Spiritual Mission.

On the outer walls of the quadrangle of the temple on four sides there were magnificent icons painted on a golden background: the Nativity of the Virgin, the Annunciation, the Savior with the Mother of God and John the Baptist coming to Him, the Blessing of the Queen of Heaven.

Icon of the Blessing of the Queen of Heaven. (Northern wall of the temple).

Their location on the temple was not accidental: the architects chose these icons and arranged them on four sides in such an order that they represented the troparion to the Nativity of the Virgin in images: each icon corresponded to a certain phrase of the troparion to the Nativity Holy Mother of God: “Your Nativity, Virgin Mother of God (icon of the Nativity of the Virgin), joy to erect to the whole universe (icon of the Annunciation), from Thee ascend the Sun of Truth Christ our God (icon Deisis - Savior with the coming Mother of God yu and John the Baptist) and break the oath, give a blessing and abolish death, granting us eternal life (the icon of the Blessing of the Queen of Heaven).

A long refectory with a gable roof and a large porch on the western side adjoined the quadrangle of the temple, above which the icon of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos was located. The northern and eastern porches were smaller and led to the quadrangle of the temple.

Separately, there was a high hipped bell tower, in which there were forty small decorative windows - rumors. Such bell towers appeared after the decree of Patriarch Nikon on the prohibition of the construction of hipped churches. The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin on Butyrki became one of the churches in which this ban was bypassed - not the church building itself, but only the bell tower, became a hipped roof. In Moscow, churches with similar hipped bell towers are still preserved, but not standing separately, but adjoining the temple. The bell tower consisted of three levels, harmoniously combined with each other.

The lower tier was a walkway to the territory of the church, on the second tier, between two large windows, there was a full-length icon of the Savior with an open Gospel and Varlaam Khutynsky and Sergius of Radonezh crouching at His feet (exactly the same icon was on the Spassky Gate of the Kremlin). Under the cornice of the second tier, there were beautiful glazed tiles (kahels), on which vases with flowers were depicted in relief, the same tiles, but depicting birds of paradise, were at the entrance to the temple.

The second tier was designed to store church utensils. The third tier of the bell tower was octagonal with flying arches; there was a belfry topped with a cone-shaped octagonal tent with rumour-windows.

By 1917, this bell tower and almost the same bell tower of the Church of St. Nicholas the Apparition on the Arbat (demolished in 1931) were recognized as the most elegant and refined in Moscow. Currently, the bell tower with a belfry has been completely restored in its historical form.

“In 1810, the walls of the main temple and the dome were painted in the style of Italian painting by the famous painter Kolmykov in Moscow, and in 1874 the meal with altar chapels was decorated with paintings by the artist N. A. Stozharov. But whether the Church was painted before this, we do not know anything about this. Although outwardly the church from the XVII century. until the mid 30s. 20th century remained virtually unchanged, but the interior painting was re-made in late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century, the images in the new iconostasis of the 19th century remained old.

At the end of XIX - beginning of XX centuries. on the territory of the temple, the buildings of the parish school and almshouses were built.

After the October Revolution of 1917, the temple suffered the fate of most churches in Russia: despite the fact that in 1918 the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Butyrskaya Sloboda was classified by Lenin’s decree as an architectural monument of the peoples of Russia and put under state protection, all the main property of the temple was looted under the guise of withdrawals "in favor of the working people" or burned right in front of the gates of the bell tower. According to the recollections of the grandchildren of Archpriest Christopher Maximov, who served in the church until it was closed in 1935 and who died in 1938, Nikolai and Pavel Maximov, parishioners snatched icons from the fire and took them home (one of these icons, returned to the church in 2006, is now now in the altar of the temple).

The temple was finally closed in 1935. Until that time, under the atheist authorities, divine services and rites were performed in it, although irregularly, and for some time (according to the memoirs of N.K. and P.K. Maksimov) either His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon, or one of the bishops Russian Orthodox Church.

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Butyrskaya Sloboda, after the destruction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, was also considered among the contenders for Cathedral, since it was one of the five largest churches in Moscow.

Despite the fact that the temple was considered an architectural monument, already in 1926 the Board of Industrial and Manufacturing Enterprises "Promvozdukh" organized mechanical workshops No. 4 on the territory of the temple, on the basis of which a branch of plant No. 1 of the Red Army Air Force was created in 1931, the branch received the status of an independent plant No. 132 of the GUAP Narkomtyazhprom, and in 1935, signed by the director of plant No. 132 of the Main Directorate of the Aviation Industry, comrade. Freiman, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee received a request to transfer the church building to the use of the plant, although according to a letter from the Committee for the Protection of Monuments under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the building could only be used “for cultural needs” and “provided that the external architecture (domes, windows, window architraves, portals, etc.) and the main internal structures. But godless power and the management of the plant and did not seek to preserve such historical monuments and “already in the late 30s, the heads of the church were removed and covered with a hipped iron roof. The bell tower stood inactive until the start of World War II. It was then that they considered it good to break the tent and the octagon so that they would not be a noticeable landmark for enemy aircraft ... ”The buildings of the almshouse and the parochial school were demolished almost before the war. If not for the opposition of a group of historians and art critics, the remains of the temple and the bell tower would have been demolished.

In 1960, on August 30, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327 “On the further improvement of the protection of cultural monuments in the RSFSR” was issued, according to which “The Church of the Nativity in Butyrskaya Streltsy Sloboda, 1682-1684. , Butyrskaya st. 56, is on the list of monuments of national importance under No. 232 (Appendix No. 1, Oktyabrsky district of Moscow according to the territorial division of 1960) and needs to be restored as soon as possible. And the same Council of Ministers of the RSFSR in 1968 gives permission to the Znamya plant during the construction of the production building to partially dismantle the refectory of an architectural monument of the 17th century b. Churches of the Nativity in Butyrskaya Streltsy Sloboda. At the same time, Minaviaprom and the management of the plant undertake the following obligations:

1) open access to the monument from B. Novodmitrovskaya street.

2) completely free from outbuildings and production workshops.

3) change the nature of the use of the temple building.

4) carry out repair and restoration work, restore the appearance of the temple.

However, no one was going to fulfill these obligations, and, moreover, in 1970, most of the refectory and the wings of the bell tower were demolished. They also wanted to demolish the remaining two tiers of the bell tower, but failed. Between the temple and the remaining two tiers of the bell tower, an industrial building was built, which gave Butyrskaya Street an unsightly appearance and covered the temple's quadrangle. Now it was impossible for an ignorant person to guess that this place was a beautiful church ensemble.

In order to completely protect the remains of the temple from the gaze of passers-by, two more production buildings were built from the north and south of the temple. The temple was closed on all sides.

During the time the factory used the church building, it was so mutilated that it is impossible to imagine that this was done by our own compatriots: broken bricks, from the northern and south sides There are huge ugly outbuildings, windows and huge holes for pipes were cut in the walls of the temple, the bricks of the ancient masonry collapsed from the unnatural exploitation of the building, cracks appeared, from which trees that had grown during this time stuck out. The entrance was broken through the altar part.

An even more terrible picture was the internal state of the temple: the entire space was divided into three floors, a staircase was made in the altar of the temple, connecting three floors, and a toilet, the frescoes were mostly completely destroyed, and the rest were smeared with 6 layers of oil paint. The premises housed electroplating workshops and a foundry. According to the recollections of eyewitnesses, when the walls (during casting) heated up, frescoes with the faces of saints appeared from under the whitewash. As the air cooled, the images gradually faded away.

In 1996, by decree His Holiness Patriarch Alexy in the temple, the cleric of the churches of St. Mitrophan of Voronezh and the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos in Petrovsky Park Priest Alexy Talyzov. In the bell tower of the temple (Butyrskaya, 56), weekly prayers begin to be performed, the bell tower is being repaired and reconstructed into a temple (with an area of ​​16 m 2). In 1993, an initiative group was created to revive the temple and church services, the charter of the temple community is registered.

In April 1999, a temple was built in the first tier of the bell tower, consecrated in the name of the Right-believing Grand Duke Dimitry Donskoy, and regular services began in it. In 2012, the bell tower was restored to its original form at the expense of the people.

By order of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2000, signed by Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, MMP "Znamya" was ordered to transfer the church building to believers within one month. The temple was handed over only in 2006. The release from the factory shops continued until 2010. In the quarter of the temple, divided by the plant into three floors, on the second floor the church parish made repairs and in 2007 regular services began.

A. Anserov. Historical description of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, in Butyrki.

Quote from the book "Temples of the Northern District of Moscow."

In the historical center of the Russian capital, not far from the famous theater named after Lenin Komsomol, there is beautiful church Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is one of the few Moscow churches that have retained their original appearance to the present day.

Construction history

The history of the temple in Putinki has almost four hundred years. Modern walls have survived several historical eras unchanged.

Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin in Putinki

Foundation of the temple

Behind the Tver Gates white city In Moscow, at the beginning of the 17th century, a wooden church dedicated to the Nativity of the Virgin appeared. In the historical chronicles of this time, it is called a church located "at the Ambassador's Yard in Putinki." Experts give several versions of the appearance of this name:

1. The church courtyard is located near the travel guest palace, where European ambassadors and travelers arrived on their way to the capital of the Russian state.
2. Behind the gates began roads leading to various northern cities of Russia, that is, the church was located at a crossroads.
3. The third version reflects the features of the urban design of the historical part of the main Russian city, cut through by many streets and alleys that form a kind of giant web.

The wooden church, crowned with three tents, burned down in the great Moscow fire of 1648. A year later, the construction of a stone cathedral began in its place, most of the funds for which were allocated from the state treasury. In 1652 the construction of the church was completed. It was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Tsarist time

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, located in Putinki, is the last Russian tent-roofed religious building. A year after its consecration, Patriarch Nikon banned the construction of church buildings in the tent style. The chapel of Theodore Tiron and the refectory, which were added at the end of the 17th century, were decorated in the Baroque style. At the same time, a gatehouse was built, from which the passage led to the bell tower.

The west porch, topped by a tent similar in style to the main spiers, was built in 1864. It has not been preserved in its original form to this day. At the end of the 19th century, the first restoration of the Nativity Church in Putinki was carried out.

Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Putinki, 1881

Interesting: believers claim that the church building survived all the upheavals and fires thanks to the intercession of the Mother of God. The temple was not damaged during the capture of Moscow by the French, although all the estates surrounding it were looted and burned.

After the Bolshevik revolution, the church was closed immediately. In the late 1920s, the brethren of the closed Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery settled in it. The doors of God's house for parishioners were closed in 1939. Office space was placed in the building, and later it was given over to the rehearsal room of the directorate of the Circus on Stage. Animals rehearsed here.

In the late 1950s, a second restoration was carried out, which affected only the external appearance of the building. In particular, the western porch of the 19th century was dismantled. It was replaced by a hipped building, similar in style to the buildings of the 17th century. This work was recognized as a model of scientific restoration, which made it possible to preserve the ancient unique building in its original form.

Interesting: the church, which today is considered an architectural monument of federal significance, was wanted to be destroyed in the Soviet years. According to legend, the explosion was scheduled for June 22, 1941. For obvious reasons, the event was cancelled. So the war did not allow the Soviet government to make a fatal mistake.

Modernity

Temple returned Orthodox Church in 1990. He got the status patriarchal farmstead. The first modern rector of the church was hegumen Seraphim. After his tragic death, the parish was headed by Archpriest Theodore Batarchukov, who is the rector of the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos in Putinki to this day.

Interior decoration of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Putinki

By the time the building was returned to the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, the interior decoration was almost completely lost. The church was restored with charitable funds, which were greatly assisted by famous actor Alexander Gavriilovich Abdulov.

Architecture and interior decoration

To date, the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary has been completely restored. Its external and internal decoration corresponds to the original design of the 17th century. The unique architectural monument of the 17th century is made in the style of Russian patterning, the distinctive feature of which is the use of many decorative details.

The central part of the temple is a quadrangle elongated from south to north, crowned with three tents that perform a decorative function. The same tents adorn the northern aisle dedicated to the icon of the Burning Bush, the patterned bell tower and the western porch. The walls of the church are decorated on the outside with numerous decorative details. The decoration of later additions to the building is somewhat different from its main part. It is made in the early Moscow baroque style.

The interior design of the church in Soviet times was practically not preserved. The only authentic element is the painting of the central column depicting revered Orthodox saints. The walls of the temple are decorated with new and restored icons and paintings.

Interior of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Putinki

Among the shrines located in the temple, the following images are distinguished:

• the icon of the Mother of God "The Tsaritsa", helps cancer patients;
• icon of the Mother of God Burning bush", protecting from fires.

Temple Schedule

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin is located in Moscow at the address: Malaya Dmitrovka Street, possession 4. Its doors are open daily from eight in the morning to eight in the evening. Services are held on weekends and public holidays at 9:00 and 17:00. Orthodox ceremonies are held in the temple, Sunday School, are receiving Orthodox doctors. In addition, the ministers of the temple provide support to disadvantaged children, orphans and prisoners.

Tip: few people visit the church on weekdays, so the sightseeing trip should be planned on weekdays. This will allow you to calmly enjoy the interior decoration of the temple, to feel its spirituality.

How to get there

The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is located in the historical part of Moscow. You can get to it by land transport and by metro.

By metro, you need to get to the following metro stations:

• Tverskaya (green line);
• Pushkinskaya (blue line);
• Chekhovskaya (gray branch).

Having reached the cinema "Pushkinsky", you need to turn left. In a few minutes a beautiful white building will appear.

The ground transport stop "Pushkinskaya Square" can be reached by buses No. H1 and A. A two-minute walk from it is the Nativity Church.

The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin in Putinki is a beautiful monument of Russian architecture, which is a vivid example of the tent style that dominated Russian architecture until the end of the 17th century. It will be of interest not only to true believers Orthodox people but also for lovers of Russian history.

Temple in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Putinki

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Putinki stands at the very beginning of Malaya Dmitrovka. Magnificent, as if woven from snow-white lace, it was built in 1649-1652 - one of the most beautiful and oldest churches consecrated in honor of this holiday, preserved in Moscow. In ancient times, the Putinki tract was located here: here, at the Tver Gates of the White City, two paths diverged - to the cities of Dmitrov and Tver. Here was then the Traveling Yard for ambassadors and messengers, to which the putins led - crooked streets and alleys in Moscow. Another version explains the name Putinka from the word "spider web" - small streets and lanes with small Moscow houses scattered on them, lying in the parish of this church, were a "web" that surrounded the church from all sides.

Initially, there was a three-hipped wooden church built in 1625. In 1648, it burned down, and the parishioners of the temple, through the Jerusalem Patriarch, who stopped at that time in Moscow, asked the tsar to allocate an amount for the construction of a stone church. For the first time in Russia, its chapel was consecrated in honor of the icon of the Mother of God the Burning Bush, which protects from fires and is therefore so significant for Muscovites. This church is the last building of tent architecture in Moscow before the famous decree of Patriarch Nikon. Then he banned the construction of tent churches and demanded a widespread transition to the construction of cross-domed churches. This decree will be canceled in the second half of the 17th century after the expulsion of Nikon.

In the same 17th century, in Moscow, outside the Earthen City near Zubovskaya Square, a church was erected with a main altar, consecrated in honor of the icon of the Burning Bush, which gave the lane its name - Neopalimovsky. The name of the icon came from Moses' vision of a burning thorn bush - a bush - engulfed in flames and not burned, symbolizing the ever-virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Therefore, the Mother of God is depicted on the icon surrounded by flames.

And although, according to legend, the construction of this church was not associated with the main disaster of the old wooden city - numerous Moscow fires, miraculous icon they prayed and sought salvation precisely from the fire that raged more than once in Moscow and left the townspeople as victims of the fire.

And such is the legend. The list of the icon of the Burning Bush was in the Kremlin's Faceted Chamber. The groom of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich Dmitry Koloshin fervently prayed before her, and when he innocently fell into royal disgrace, he began to ask for help and protection. Then the Queen of Heaven appeared to the king in a dream and revealed to him that this man was innocent. The groom was released by the sovereign from the court and in gratitude he built a temple in honor of the icon of the Burning Bush in Novaya Konyushennaya Sloboda, asking the king for a miraculous list. Since then, when there were fires in Moscow, this icon was carried around the houses of the parishioners of the church, and they survived the fire. Muscovites even noticed that fires in the Neopalimovsky parish were extremely rare and were very insignificant, although the entire area remote from the city center was built up with numerous wooden houses. (The Neopalimovskaya church was demolished during the Soviet era.)

The little-known, but remarkable in its history, house church of the Nativity of the Virgin in the house of Prince Golitsyn (Volkhonka, 14, behind the building of the Museum of Private Collections) is now destroyed and does not operate.

This temple entered the history of Moscow mainly because Pushkin was going to marry Natalya Goncharova here, but was refused by Metropolitan Philaret. Why this happened is still a mystery to historians. Only the wedding then took place in the parish church of the bride, in the Great Ascension at the Nikitsky Gate.

The Nativity Church itself was a brownie and was located on the second floor in the right wing of the existing building. She was directly connected with the history of this house and the homeowners, as well as with the events that took place here.

The history of the Golitsins' house dates back to the 30s of the 18th century, when they acquired a piece of land outside the Kolymazhny yard for possession. The project of the house was executed by the St. Petersburg architect S. Chevakinsky, the author of the famous St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral in the northern capital, from whom Vasily Bazhenov studied. In the works on the construction of the Golitsyn house in 1756-1761. he was assisted by a young architect I.P. Zherebtsov, the future builder of the beautiful bell tower of the Moscow Novospassky Monastery. In 1766, in the right wing of the house, a church was built and consecrated in the name of the Nativity of the Virgin. And soon Catherine the Great herself settled in the house.

The Golitsyn House was passed down from generation to generation. When M.M. Golitsyn-son became the owner, Catherine II turned to him with a request to find her a good and comfortable home in Moscow. The Kyuchuk-Kainarji peace had just been concluded in the Russian-Turkish war, and the empress was going to Moscow for the festivities on this occasion. In the Kremlin, she did not like to stop, considering it ill-suited for herself. Golitsyn immediately offered the empress his own house.

And then the architect Matvey Kazakov was invited to rebuild the Golitsyn mansion into the Prechistensky Palace. The building was ready for the New Year, in December 1774. The walls of a modest estate remember the brilliant retinue of Catherine the Great - the Empress arrived in Moscow with the court and her son Paul I.

However, she was dissatisfied with housing: it was crowded and the stoves did not heat the room well. The neighborhood with the Kolymazhny yard and the stables created not the freshest air, people froze mercilessly, and the corridors were very confused. “Two hours passed before I knew the way to my office,” Catherine complained in one of her letters, calling her palace “a celebration of confusion.” Then the wooden buildings of this palace were moved to the Sparrow Hills and burned down there.

According to legend, two icons were kept in the Nativity Church of the Golitsyns' house, donated (or left here) by Catherine II in memory of her marriage to Prince Potemkin, apparently, wedding icons. It is likely that this legend remained in Moscow's memory associated with Catherine's stay in the Golitsyn Palace. Or they thought that she left the owners a royal gift for hospitality.

In 1779, the Golitsyns returned to their mansion on Volkhonka again. When S.M. Golitsyn, the trustee of the Moscow educational district, became the owner, he opened an aristocratic salon here. Pushkin visited it and once, in the early summer of 1830, he danced here at a ball. Pushkin was already engaged to Natalya Goncharova at that time, and there is evidence that he was going to marry her here. Firstly, historians say, in the house church the payment was less, which was beneficial for Pushkin, who was constrained by means. Secondly, the attention of high society to the wedding would not be so close.

Nevertheless, permission to marry in the home of the Golitsyn church was not given. There is a version that it was simply forbidden to get married in house churches, as in ordinary parish ones, especially for persons who had nothing to do with them, “from the street”. And the marriage took place in the parish church of the bride.

In the second half of the 19th century, another S.M. lived here. Golitsyn, owner of an art gallery, an ancient library and a collection of antiquities. All this was collected by his father, who dreamed of opening his own museum, but did not have time to fulfill his desire before his death.

In memory of his father, in 1865, Golitsyn opened a museum on the first floor of his mansion, which was called the "Moscow Hermitage". Here were presented such rarities as ivory vases that belonged to Marie Antoinette, books from the library of the Marquise Pompadour, paintings by Raphael, Rubens, Poussin, marble candelabra from Pompeii. And visitors were met by a porter in the uniform of a life hussar.

The museum was open to the public, but curious evidence of how the inspection took place has been preserved. At the request of the owner, only those who came to the Sunday service at his house Nativity Church could admire his collection. At the end, everyone went to the prince's dining room for Sunday tea, which was attended by the owner, and from there to the museum.

However, only twenty years after the opening of the museum, Golitsyn, who had lost interest in the affairs of its maintenance, sold his collection at auction. The St. Petersburg Hermitage bought most of it for 800,000 rubles. It is noteworthy that all the treasures of the Golitsyn Museum remained at home.

In 1877, Golitsyn rented the first floor of his house for apartments. The museum halls were rebuilt into furnished rooms for rent, and after the reconstruction of the left wing in 1892, here they received the name "Prince's Court". A comfortable Moscow hotel was opened in the Golitsyn mansion.

In October 1877 A.N. Ostrovsky, who spent here last years own life. When the writer drew up a contract of employment, the caretaker of the house began to seriously explain to his wife that before renting an apartment, he always collects certificates about the moral qualities of the future tenant. Ostrovsky jokingly decided to tell him "some of my virtues - that I am not a drunkard, not a rowdy, I will not start gambling or a dance class in the apartment."

In this house, Ostrovsky wrote "Dowry", "Talents and admirers", "The heart is not a stone." Friends often came to visit him - I.S. Turgenev, D.V. Grigorovich, P.I. Chaikovsky. M.I. lived in the same house on Volkhonka. Tchaikovsky, V.I. Surikov, B.N. Chicherin, I.S. Aksakov, who died here.

In 1902, the Nativity Church was renovated. One of the best Moscow architects of that time, K.M. Bykovsky decorated it in the Gothic style, and the iconostasis in the semi-classical style.

This year was the last in the history of the stay of the Nativity Church by the home church of the Golitsyns. The following year, in 1903, the house was bought by the Moscow Art Society and then began to belong to various institutions. Suffice it to mention the Moscow City People's University. A.L. Shanyavsky, who worked here in 1909-1911. before moving to their own building on Miusskaya Square.

In Soviet times former estate The Golitsyns were occupied by the Communist Academy under the guidance of the historian M.N. Pokrovsky. Then the Nativity Church was closed, and its iconostasis was dismantled and transferred to the church of the village of Alekseevsky.

Currently, there is a scientific institution - the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences.

In Moscow, there is also the Nativity Monastery, which was founded in 1386 by Princess Maria Keystutovna, mother of the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, Prince Vladimir Serpukhovsky. The magnificent Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin was built in 1501-1505 - this is one of the oldest churches in Moscow. The slender bell tower was built in 1835 by the architect N.I. Kozlovsky - one rich Muscovite donated her money to it in memory of her beloved son who died early.

In this monastery in 1525, Solomonia Saburova, the wife of Grand Duke Vasily III, was forcibly tonsured a nun. They lived for 20 years, but their marriage turned out to be childless, and the prince wanted to have an heir to the throne. He decided to marry again - divorce was then prohibited, and Solomonia was persuaded to voluntarily go to the monastery, but she resisted. Then she was forcibly tonsured in the Nativity Monastery. According to an old Moscow legend, this was preceded by a vision of a bird's nest in a tree by Grand Duke Vasily, when he burst into tears about his childlessness. “Sovereign! - the boyars told him: - They cut down the barren fig tree and remove it from the grapes. When he turned to the Greek patriarchs for a blessing for divorce, the Jerusalem primate, Mark, warned him: “If you marry a second time, you will have an evil child: your kingdom will be filled with horror and sorrow, blood will flow like a river, the heads of the nobles will fall, the city will burn.” The Russians decided to do without the help of foreigners and offered Solomonia to voluntarily take a haircut in a monastery. When she refused, she was forcibly sheared. Then, according to legend, she cursed the future marriage of the Grand Duke and predicted: “God sees and will take revenge on my persecutor!” From the new marriage of Vasily III and Elena Glinskaya, the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible was born. According to legend, at the moment of his birth, on August 25, 1530, at 7 pm, three rolls of thunder followed one after another with a blinding flash of lightning.

Solomonia, who was tonsured under the name of Sophia, remained a nun for more than 17 years and died in 1542. There is a terrible legend that the wife of the Grand Duke, allegedly just tonsured, turned out to be pregnant from him "to the horror and repentance" of her ex-husband. She gave birth to a son, named him George and raised him with a dream of revenge: "In due time he will appear in power and glory." His name is associated with all the legends about the famous robber Kudeyar, who either brought the Crimean Khan to Moscow during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, or, on the contrary, allegedly saved the life of his royal brother.

This monastery was not plundered during the Napoleonic invasion, although the French entered it. According to legend, they wanted to tear off a rich salary from the miraculous Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. One of the soldiers rushed to the icon, but immediately got badly injured and could no longer move. Struck by this, the rest of the invaders ran out of the monastery.

Corner of the brick monastery wall on the boulevard artist V.G. Perov depicted in the picture "Troika".

The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (also the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa at the Market) is a temple ensemble in the town of Staritsa, built in 1740–1825. and combining the motifs of late classicism and baroque. One of the visiting cards of the city.

The complex of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, better known as the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, who was considered the patroness of trade, is located on the left bank of the Volga River near the ancient old settlement. Once it was located on the Staritsa Torgovaya Square and, together with the many shopping arcades of the Gostiny Dvor, echoed the ensemble of the Assumption Monastery, located on the other side of the Volga. Citizens often call the complex convent. However, this is not a monastery, this is a magnificent ensemble of the temple, built in the XVIII-XIX centuries. And even today, despite the deplorable state, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin is one of the sights and visiting cards of the city.

In 1728, by decree of the Archbishop of Tver Theophylact, instead of the wooden church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, the construction of a stone church of the Nativity of the Virgin with a chapel dedicated to ancient temple. The Pyatnitsky chapel was consecrated in 1740, and the consecration of the main altar took place only 10 years later, in 1750, under priest Vasily Alekseev. Later, two chapels in the form of rotundas in the style of late classicism were added to the white-stone baroque church with a low bell tower on the north and south sides. The chapel in the name of Nil Stolbensky was built in 1806, the Holy Martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa - in 1825.

The complex, but strictly ordered composition of the ensemble of the Bogoroditskaya Church from the east was supplemented by a white-stone colonnade with two chapels and stairs descending from the rotundas to the banks of the Volga. Many domes - different in shape and located at different levels - make the picturesque appearance of the temple very intimate and cozy.

In the Klirov Statements of the Staritsky Uyezd of 1828, it is indicated that the stone Nativity Church with side chapels of the Great Martyr Paraskeva (not yet consecrated) and Reverend Nile the miracle worker (consecrated) was built in 1784. There was no arable and hay land at the church, in 115 parish yards (in Staritsa and the villages of Fedurnov and Konkovskaya Sloboda) there were 315 male and 385 female souls. The following served in the church at that time: priest Kosmin Vasily (32 years old, a priest since 1821), deacon Ivanov Ilia (55 years old, deacon since 1793), deacon Feodorov Peter (25 years old, a deacon in the Staritskaya Mother of God-Nativity Church since 1825), sexton Mikhail Kirillov (68 years old, sexton since 1784).

According to the data for 1901, the Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God in Staritsa, built in 1784, had three thrones: the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Nil Stolobensky (in warm), the martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa (in cold). The following people served in the church: the priest Mikhail Antonovich Kazansky (41 years old, a priest since 1883), the psalmist Borisoglebsky Petr Ivanovich (28 years old, a psalmist since 1899). Parishioners in Staritsa and in the villages: Novo-Starkovo, Konkovskaya Sloboda, Fedurnov - 159 households (1,006 people - 457 men and 549 women). Under the altar of the church in 1791 a stone chapel was built in honor of the Nativity of the Virgin.

In 1914 they served: the priest of Kazan Mikhail (53 years old), the psalmist Smirnov John (46 years old). Parishioners in the town of Staritsa and the villages of Starkovo, Fedurkovo, Konkovo ​​- 998 people (481 men, 517 women).

In the 1970s The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin was restored, but by the beginning of the 2000s. it was again in need of restoration.

Architecture

The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary belongs to the type of church "octagon on a quadrangle" characteristic of the 18th century. The temple is single-domed with a heavy semicircular apse adjacent to it from the east. The corners of the quadrangle are decorated with spatulas, the windows - with baroque architraves with kokoshniks. The bell tower adjoining the temple from the west is completed with a high spire. Like a wreath, the temple is surrounded by a ring of buildings of different times. Particularly interesting is the aisle temple, built in 1825 in the style of late classicism and representing a rotunda, decorated with pediments from the facades with a shallow loggia in the risalit. The dome crowning the temple is surrounded by gently sloping cupolas.

From other buildings temple complex the chapel, two elegant towers crowned with a dome with a spire, the house of the clergy and the solemn colonnade, which is a gallery with paired columns of the Tuscan order, uniting all the buildings into a single ensemble, have survived to this day. Rotunda towers were once used as shops.

Buildings, in the decoration of which local white stone is widely used, form a very picturesque group. The authors of the complex organically united buildings of different times into a single whole, the decor of which combines motifs of late classicism and baroque.

High-rise buildings, traffic jams, pedestrians on the streets, preoccupied with everyday affairs. Cars and townsfolk rush in the space of a metropolis called Moscow. As in a cage, human vainglorious desires rush about in the walls of glass and concrete. Stop! It's time to put aside the worries of life. It's time to stop and talk to God. Exactly 12 kilometers from the Moscow Kremlin there is a corner of calm and silence. On the Winged Hills there is a place where grace and peace reign, and it is called the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Church history

For almost five centuries there has been a church in Krylatskoye. Repeatedly destroyed, it was rebuilt again. There is no longer the village of Krylatskoye, there is a district of a large city, and the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin to this day serves Muscovites.

Wooden chronicle

The village of Krylatskoye is mentioned in the will of the son of Dmitry Donskoy, Prince Vasily, dated 1423. Ivan the Fourth loved the local nature and stopped to rest in Krylatskoye when returning to Moscow. On the next visit to the village by the king in 1554, the consecration of the local church took place. It is not known for certain whether it was a new building or if the building was overhauled.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the villages near Moscow were seriously affected by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. "Time of Troubles" forced the peasants to hide in the forests. The village of Krylatskoye fell into disrepair, the church fell into disrepair. However, after the expulsion of the invaders, the settlement, which belonged to the Romanov boyars, is quickly restored. By the end of the century, in a prosperous village, there was a wooden church rebuilt by order of Princess Martha.

The new Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary did not serve the parishioners for long. The fire destroyed the building. By decree and with the money of Princess Sofya Alekseevna, a new building is being erected. In the autumn of 1713 the church burned down. In winter, services were held in a temporary chapel, where the surviving icons and utensils were placed. AT next year rebuilt wooden church. Three years later, a chapel was added in the name of Nicholas of Myra. In 1751 the building was repaired and rebuilt.

In 1784, another fire left the inhabitants of Krylatsky without a church. The new construction is supervised by the parish priest Grigory Ivanov. During the invasion of the Napoleonic troops, the church building escaped the fate of its predecessors and did not burn down in the fires. However, a major overhaul and filling with new church utensils were required to replace those stolen by French soldiers. In January 1813, the revived church was consecrated again.

By the middle of the 19th century, the church building was no longer able to accommodate parishioners. Rector Pyotr Orlov addresses the Moscow Metropolitan with a request to add a stone refectory to a wooden building. After a long consideration of the issue, city planners decide to build a new brick church. Rafail Vodo is entrusted to prepare a project and draw up an estimate.

By 1868, the construction of the church and the refectory was completed. The building was not much more spacious, and the interior space was not sufficiently illuminated by sunlight. The construction of the bell tower and the restructuring of the temple were entrusted to A. N. Stratilatov. Under the guidance of the architect, two chapels are being added - in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and St. Nicholas. The iconostasis, transferred from wooden church, repaired and cleaned. The interior walls are decorated with images from sacred books. By the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Krylatskoye had an equipped temple.

In 1922, under the slogan of helping the starving in the Volga region, the Soviet government confiscated precious church property. In 1925, part of the population of Krylatsky signed an agreement with the Bolsheviks on the use of the local church. The agreement infringed on the rights of parishioners, but pushed back the time of the looting of the temple.

The offensive of the Nazi divisions on Moscow forced the Red Army to dismantle the roof of the church with domes and the bell tower. The Soviet command feared that the tall building would serve as a guide for German gunners and pilots. After the war, the temple premises were used as a warehouse.

In 1989, believers began the revival of the church in Krylatskoye. The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin passes into the jurisdiction of the Moscow diocese, Archpriest Nikolai Morozov becomes rector. After the restoration of the bell tower and the quadrangle of the church, daily services resumed.

Shrines of the temple

The relics of the temple are:

• Icon of the Mother of God "Rudny".
• Icon of Saint Nicholas.
• Relics of St. Job of Anzersk.
• Icon and ark with the relics of the holy martyr Boniface.

Rudny Icon of the Mother of God

Your image name received from the place of acquisition - the village of Rudnya. In 1687, a priest named Vasily took the icon to the Kyiv Pechersk monastery. Since 1712, the icon has been kept in the Frolovsky Monastery.

In the middle of the 19th century, a list from the icon was acquired by the inhabitants of the village of Krylatskoye. In the hay season, while resting by the stream, the peasants found a wooden board with the image of the face of the Mother of God. Later, parishioners built a chapel on this site, and the find was placed in a local temple. Prayer services were served before the Rudny Icon and the water brought from the spring was blessed. In 1917, Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow held a divine service at the holy spring.

In 1936, when the church was closed and looted, the women of the village sewed dresses from the service vestments of the priests. One of the defilers of the holy place broke and burned the icon of the Mother of God. Punishment heavenly in direct and figuratively got the blasphemer. During a Nazi air raid, a woman died.

The church preserves the holy image that belonged to Paraskeva Mukhina. The icon was created at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1990, Mukhina's granddaughter and heiress, Lidia Gruzdeva, donated a family heirloom Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin in Krylatskoye. The Icon's Memorial Day is celebrated on October 25.

In the last century, the icon of St. Nicholas was located above the gates of the Saks weaving manufactory in Kuntsevo. After the Bolsheviks came to power, the holy face was thrown into a barn, from where it was taken and taken home by a peasant from the village of Krylatskoye. The descendants of the pious villager transferred the image of Nicholas the Wonderworker to the restored temple.

Saint Nicholas has been revered in Russia since ancient times. There is not a single temple in which the copy of the icon of the Miracle Worker of Myra is not kept. Russian naval commanders consider him the patron saint of sailors. In difficult everyday situations, parishioners seek help from a heavenly intercessor.

Relics of St. Job of Anzersky

Being the confessor of Peter the Great, the Monk Job was slandered. By royal decree, Father Job went into exile in the Solovetsky Monastery. For many years, the monk, who took a vow of silence, lived in the Anzersk Skete. The ascetic life in the northern regions and the foundation of the hermitage earned the respect of the Arkhangelsk brethren. On the day of the death of the holy monk, the cell was lit up with divine light. Prayers addressed to Job relieve sorrow and give spiritual strength to overcome persecution and reproach. An ancient lithograph and particles of the relics of Job were donated to the temple by Hieromonk Evlogii.

Relics of Saint Boniface

The Roman Boniface, who lived in the 3rd century, went to the Asia Minor city of Tarsus to redeem the relics of the martyrs from the pagans. Becoming a witness to the torture of Christians He openly declared his faith in Jesus Christ. The executioners beheaded Boniface with a sword. In 2010, benefactors N. Mezentseva and K. Mireisky presented an icon and a particle of the relics of the saint as a gift to the temple. Prayers to the martyr and a lit candle contribute to healing from ailments, especially from drug addiction and alcoholism.

healing source

The holy spring, near which the “Rudny” icon appeared, was famous in the ancient Muscovite state. Water from the stream was delivered to the Kremlin for the needs of the royal court of Ivan the Fourth. At the present time, the water in the spring is considered the cleanest in Moscow. People who sincerely believe in the power of God receive healing from diseases in this place. Every year on the patronal feast, on Epiphany and on the day of memory of the Rudny Icon procession descends to the spring for a prayer service and the ceremony of consecrating water.

Architectural features

Designed by architect Vodo the building of the temple combines ancient Russian forms of architecture with elements of classicism. In the traditions of ancient Russia, the main square cube of the church was made with a symmetrical five-domed dome. Rectangular blades divide the facade walls into three parts. Ornamental brickwork decorates the cornice. Large windows and undecorated walls are made in the classical style. The light drum is missing.

During the restoration at the end of the last century, a new three-tiered bell tower with a hipped belfry was erected. A semicircular apse is attached to the eastern part of the church. The transition from the bell tower to the temple is expanded. The exterior walls, painted a pale blue, are set off by white columns, cornices, and window frames. The new iconostasis is made in the Baroque style. The painting of the internal walls corresponds to the norms of ancient Russian painting.

Worships and rites

Every day, the church in Krylatskoye opens its doors to parishioners.. The service schedule is as follows:

• On working days, the Liturgy begins at 9:00, Vespers and Matins at 17:00.
• On Sundays and holidays the beginning of the early liturgy at 7 o'clock, the late liturgy - at 10 o'clock, all-night vigil- at 17 o'clock.

The page of the official website offers information for people wishing to visit the temple in Krylatskoye. The schedule of divine services for the month indicates the names of the saints venerated on the days of the service. Parish priests answer questions and give consultations on the telephone numbers provided.

temple in daytime open and closes at 20.00.

The social life of the monastery

Not only worship services are held in the temple. The Sunday school "Rodnik" was opened at the church, in which:

• Music class.
• Art studio.
• Martial arts club.
• Circle of creative needlework.

For adults, a psychological support center and courses in the study of Orthodox disciplines are open. The parish library has an extensive collection of literature on church history, theology, and the writings of the holy fathers. Volunteers help single and elderly parishioners with household chores. The church has a collection and distribution point for clothes.

From the metro station "Krylatskoye" you need to go to the shopping center "Boulevard". 700 meters to the east there is a regulated crosswalk across the street Krylatskie Holmy. From here, the Olympic cycle path along the forest belt will lead to the church.

You can walk to the Temple from the stop "Church" on Krylatskaya Street. Bus routes No. 732, 829 lead to this stop from the Molodezhnaya metro station; from the metro station "Kuntsevskaya" - route number 733; from the metro station "Polezhaevskaya" - route number 271.

If the trip is made by car, then the vehicle will have to be left in the parking lot on the street Winged Hills or on Krylatskaya Street, and overcome the remaining path on your own.

Like a Phoenix bird from the ashes, the temple was reborn on the winged hills. Time after time the earthly house of the Heavenly King was built and rebuilt. The place where suffering parishioners find protection and protection from our Savior becomes more comfortable and more beautiful. Believers receive help and support by quenching their spiritual thirst at the source of life-giving moisture. Here, a person who lived from paycheck to paycheck begins to count time according to the milestones of the church calendar.