What year is it in Japan. Japanese calendar

You meet “unusual” at every turn, but this is the topic of other articles. Today we will get acquainted with the Japanese chronology, which is also unusual in nature. I would like to ask a question, what year is it in Japan now?

The Gregorian calendar in Japan was adopted on January 1, 1873, at the suggestion of countries that insistently demanded that Japan abandon its policy of self-isolation. Prior to this event, the traditional Japanese calendar was nengō:, which means era.

A new era began with the advent of a new emperor. The imperial court determined the motto of the era of the new reign, with which the aspirations and hopes of the country were associated. Such names of eras as: Genna - the beginning of harmony, Empo - lasting wealth, Hoei - prosperous eternity, Showa - enlightened world and many other slogans of government, indicate that each emperor put into his reign an idea that he aspired to. And with each arrival of a new emperor, the era and its chronology began anew, from the first year.

In cases where the beginning of the reign was unsuccessful or disasters struck the country, the emperor changed the name of the era, which was supposed to change the situation in the country and the report of the era began anew. The Japanese hoped that changing the name of the era would contribute to the prosperity of the country. This has always been the case, but during the Meiji Restoration (1868-1889), it was forbidden to change the motto during the reign.

AT the traditional calendar of Japan, the beginning of the year corresponded, somewhere in the middle of the time interval between winter solstice and the spring equinox. Years were divided into twelve months. A month consisted of 29 or 30 days. In order for the calendar to coincide with the movement of the Earth around the Sun, the Japanese periodically inserted an additional month into it.

In addition to the listed systems of chronology, in Japan there was another system and reckoning is an ancient calendar system, the countdown of which starts from 660 BC. It was in this year, according to legend, that Emperor Jimmu was founded. According to this reckoning, for example, 1940 (in modern terms) corresponded to 2600 from the founding of Japan.But this system operated only until 1945.

To date, Japan still has two systems of chronology:

the first traditional - the countdown goes from the beginning of the reign of the emperor

the second modern - from the birth of Christ.

So according to the traditional calendar, now (for 2013) in Japan it is the 25th year of Heisei. The Japanese use the traditional calendar, and it is also widely used in everyday life.

Modern Japan has four eras of government, these are:

• the Meiji era - an enlightened reign that began in February 1867 and lasted 45 years,
• Taisho era - great justice, began in July 1912, lasted 15 years,
• the Showa era - the enlightened world, began in December 1926 and lasted 64 years
• and the Heisei era - the establishment of peace, which began on January 7, 1989, from the day of the reign to the present.

                 According to the calendar adopted in Japan and in other countries of the East, within a 12-year cycle, each year passes under the sign of some animal. A person born in a certain year receives a number of innate properties, depending on which fate is formed. The popularity of this calendar in the East is very high. Knowing the year of birth, you can easily find the sign you need in the attached table and read in the appropriate section both about yourself and about your friends. In each section, at the end of the profile, there are three groups of people (called animals) who:

• ideal for you as friends or life partners;
• fit you more or less;
• are definitely not suitable for you, are absolutely contraindicated and can even bring you misfortune.

	1920, 1932, 1944, 1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2016
	1921, 1933, 1945, 1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005, 2017
	1922, 1934, 1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018
	1923, 1935, 1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007, 2019
	1924, 1936, 1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996, 2008, 2020
	1925, 1937, 1949, 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997, 2009, 2021
	1926, 1938, 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010, 2022
	1927, 1939, 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999, 2011, 2023
	1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012, 2024
	1929, 1941, 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2013, 2025
	1930, 1942, 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014, 2026
	1931, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015, 2027

YEAR OF THE MONKEY
These are the most unreliable and controversial people. Smart, dexterous, inventive, original and easily solve the most difficult problems. There is almost no field of activity where they could not turn around. However, they are easily distracted and persuaded. They want to do everything right there, this minute. The slightest obstacle can spoil their mood, bring down their plans. Many of them are indecisive. These are temperamental and self-willed people, quick-tempered, intractable. Able to make decisions, have common sense. Many of them can achieve fame if they are not hindered in this.

• DRAGON, RAT.
• RABBIT, SHEEP, DOG, MONKEY.
• SNAKE, BOAR, TIGER.

YEAR OF THE COCK.
Deep thinkers and gifted individuals. They love work and are dedicated to their work. They try to fulfill any obligation that they cannot even afford, and are very upset when they fail. Sometimes they are somewhat eccentric, they do not immediately find contact with others. They are always sure that they are right, and sometimes they are really right. Often these people are lonely and withdrawn. Although they may come across as resolute, they are timid by nature. The plans they hatch never materialize. They have sharp ups and downs as well. In life, streaks of success alternate with streaks of failure. They can be selfish, but they are too straightforward and capable of desperate and bold actions. Always interesting.

• OX, SNAKE, DRAGON.
• RAT, COCK, DOG, RABBIT.
• TIGER, HORSE, MONKEY, SHEEP, BOAR.

YEAR OF THE DOG.
These people have the best human traits - they are loyal, honest, inspire confidence in that they can keep secrets. However, they are somewhat selfish, eccentric and incredibly stubborn. They do not strive for wealth, but they always have money. They can be emotionally cold and uncommunicative. They look at a lot critically, famous for their sharp tongue. They know what they are fighting for, they always stand for justice. They get the job done and usually win. They make excellent leaders.

• HORSE, TIGER, RABBIT.
• RAT, SNAKE, MONKEY, DOG, BOAR.
• DRAGON, SHEEP.

YEAR OF THE BOAR.
These people are distinguished by courage and ability to self-sacrifice. Everything they do, they do it with full dedication. Recognize only straight way, not knowing retreats. Very honest and courageous people. It is difficult to converge with other people, but they are faithful to their few friends until the end of their lives, do not leave friends in trouble. They are laconic, but very inquisitive, they read a lot, they are well informed. They are quick-tempered, but do not like quarrels and bickering. They are kind and attentive to loved ones and acquaintances, although their family affairs do not always go smoothly. They strive to eliminate all conflicts and prevent long quarrels. No matter how difficult problems they face, they never give up, although they act under the influence of a momentary impulse.

• RABBIT, SHEEP.
• RAT, TIGER, OX, DRAGON, COCK, DOG, BOAR.
• SNAKE.

YEAR OF THE RAT.

Those born under this sign have a pleasant appearance, are attractive, purposeful, hardworking, striving to acquire wealth. Thrifty, love to save money. They can forget about thrift only if they are enthusiastic or great feeling. Be generous only to those you love. Neat to the point of pedantry. Mostly illogical. Ambitious. As a rule, they succeed and achieve their goal. They do not know how to maintain external composure, easily fall into anger. Usually honest and open, but many of them are not averse to gossip.

• DRAGON, MONKEY, VOL.
• SNAKE, TIGER, DOG, BOAR, RAT.
• HORSE.

YEAR OF THE OX.
These people are patient, laconic, inspire confidence. However, sometimes they can be eccentric, easily lose their temper. At these moments, they should beware - Ox's rage knows no bounds. Usually taciturn, at the moment of hobbies are eloquent. They have excellent mental and physical data. They are known as people of easy character, but at the same time they often show stubbornness - they do not like contradictions. Some of them look at love as a sport, which leads to misunderstandings with loved ones.

• SNAKE, COCK, RAT.
• DRAGON, RABBIT, MONKEY, BOAR, OX
• SHEEP.

YEAR OF THE TIGER.
People of this sign are sensitive, prone to reflection, but can be irritable. Usually they are respected, but often come into conflict with elders or superiors. Often make rash decisions or come to right decisions too late. In general, these are courageous and strong people and they are usually appreciated.

• HORSE, DRAGON, DOG.
• RAT, OX, RABBIT, TIGER, SHEEP, COCK, BOAR.
• SNAKE, MONKEY.

YEAR OF THE RABBIT.
He has a bright personality, is talented and ambitious. Virtuous, restrained, distinguished by impeccable taste. Causes general admiration and trust. Financial condition shaping up well. These people sometimes like to gossip, but at the same time they are tactful and not angry. Gentle to those they love, but rarely attached to their closest relatives. Almost never lose their temper, have excellent business qualities. They are conscientious and obligatory, although sometimes they are pedantic, sometimes they show a tendency to melancholy. They could make excellent players, but they rarely play, being conservative, prudent people.

• SHEEP, BOAR, DOG.
• RAT, RABBIT, DRAGON.
• ROOSTER.

YEAR OF THE DRAGON.
People of this sign have excellent health, are energetic, easily excitable, sometimes stubborn and harsh. Honest, emotional, decisive, you can rely on them. They differ in self-will. They are frank and their opinion is always justified. They are capable, do not like to borrow money and make speeches. They tend to be soft-hearted and often let others get the better of them, but only for a little while. They quickly get rid of their delusions. Marrying or getting married at an early age or not at all. Enjoy the love of others.

• RAT, SNAKE, MONKEY, COCK.
• TIGER, HORSE, SHEEP, BOAR, DRAGON.
• DOG.

YEAR OF THE SNAKE.
These are complex people, endowed with wisdom from birth, taciturn. Their business always goes well, but they are often stingy. Sometimes selfish and vain. However, they can be actively involved in their less fortunate counterparts. They often go too far, not believing the judgments of others, relying only on themselves. Decisive and purposeful characters, acutely experiencing their failures. Outwardly calm, but passionate nature. Usually they are distinguished by their external and internal attractiveness, which, with some of their windiness, leads to family complications.

• OX, COCK.
• RAT, RABBIT, DRAGON, SNAKE, HORSE, SHEEP.
• TIGER, BOAR.

YEAR OF THE HORSE.
These people are very popular. They have a cheerful character, they know how to handle money. Smart, insightful, although sometimes they talk a lot. They are talented, everything goes well with them, they attract attention with flashy clothes or laid-back behavior. They are self-confident, know their worth and are not indifferent (men) to women. Able to forget about everything when their feelings are affected. In everything that concerns them, they invest maximum strength and passion, with the exception of official duties. They love entertainment and big gatherings, they love to be in the center of events. They are very independent and rarely listen to advice, while doing so at their own discretion.

• TIGER, DOG, SHEEP.
• DRAGON, SNAKE, MONKEY, COCK, BOAR.
• RAT.

YEAR OF THE SHEEP.
People of this sign are endowed with abilities in the field of fine arts. At first glance, everything turns out to be more successful for them than for others. But they are often helpless in front of life, but how shy and prone to pessimism, indecisive, find it difficult to make independent decisions. Usually they are religious. Leaders rarely come out of them. They are not distinguished by eloquence, but they defend their convictions and love their work. Usually they have enough money, they appreciate the conveniences associated with them. Reasonable, soft, friendly, have good taste.

• RABBIT, BOAR, HORSE.
• TIGER, DRAGON, SNAKE, SHEEP.
• OX, DOG.

Japanese reckoning - traditional systems chronology used or used in Japan at different periods of its history.

Timeline from the founding of the Japanese state

In this Japanese calendar, the starting point is 660 BC. when, according to legend, Japan was founded by Emperor Jimmu. The development of this absolute chronological scale was carried out by Miyoshi no Kiyoyuki (847-918), who calculated that 1260 years elapsed from the beginning of the reign of the first legendary emperor to the 9th year of the reign of Suiko (601). During the Meiji Restoration, the ancient count of years was restored for nationalist purposes in order to prove to Europeans the antiquity of Japanese history, but this system lasted only until the end of World War II.

It is noteworthy that this counting of years was reflected in the marking of military equipment: the last two digits of the numerical designation, for example, of a gun, aircraft, tank or small arms, corresponded to the last two digits of the date this modification was put into service. For example, carrier-based fighter Mitsubishi A6M Zero("Naval carrier-based fighter Type 00 Model 11") was commissioned in 2600 from the founding of Japan. The marking of one or another type of weapon "Type 95" means that this system was adopted in 2595 (i.e., in 1935).

Traditional Japanese chronology

The oldest Japanese system of chronology, according to the imperial mottos (nengo), was adopted in Japan in 645, but originally originated in China in 140 BC. e. The first Japanese motto of the reign of the emperor was Taika, it symbolized the beginning of large-scale reforms.

The first year of the new historical period is considered the beginning of the action of neng. A similar method of reckoning is still widely used in Japan - the indication of dates according to the mottos of the board is required on financial, banking documents and official papers.

Although this system is a reliable dating method, it is not convenient to use and has its own nuances. The new motto of the board begins on the first day of the outgoing year. For example, when on the 28th day of the 7th moon of the 4th year of Genki (according to julian calendar- August 25, 1573) it was decided to change the motto of the board to Tensho, the former motto was immediately abolished, and the concept of "1st year of Tensho" is applied to the entire year 1573 as a whole. As a result, the same year 1573 of the European calendar can often be written with two nengo at once: this is both the 4th year of Genki and the 1st year of Tensho.

In total, there are 252 mottos of the reign of Japanese emperors. The current board motto #252 is Heisei, announced in 1989.

Era of Emperors

In 1872, the concept of the “era of emperors” was also introduced. This system was adopted under Emperor Matsuhito (Meiji), when it was forbidden to change the motto during the reign. Accordingly, the first year of the emperor's reign was the first year of the "epoch". The posthumous name of the monarch was also given in accordance with his motto - in Japan, deceased emperors are referred to only by a posthumous name. So, the posthumous name of the Japanese Emperor Hirohito is Emperor Showa.

There have been four eras in Japan since the Meiji Restoration.

Modern Japan uses the modern Gregorian calendar, the same as the rest of the world, including Russia, but excluding Muslim countries.

However, in earlier times, other calendar systems were official, which are still often used for ceremonial, astrological and cultural purposes.

In particular, in Japan they use: the Chinese sixty-year calendar, counting years by emperors and counting years from the founding of Japan. Let's talk about each in more detail...

Chinese calendar

As is known, in the traditional Chinese calendar years are counted according to 12 zodiac animals or "12 branches of heaven" ( junishi). However, in parallel, the account also goes on "10 earthly shoots" ( jikkan) - senior and junior symbols of natural elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Gold, Water). Here is a table showing how this happens:

Years count	Animals (junishi)	Elements (jikkan)	Name of the year
1	Ne (Mouse)	Ki-no-E (Elder Tree)	Ki-no-E-Ne
2	Wuxi (Ox)	Ki-no-To (Junior Tree)	Ki-no-To-Ushi
3	Torah (Tiger)	Hi-no-E (Elder Fire)	Hi-no-E-Tora
4	U (Hare)	Hi-no-To (Junior Fire)	Hi-no-To-U
5	Tatsu (Dragon)	Tsuchi-no-E (Elder Earth)	Tsuchi-no-E-Tatsu
6	Mi (Snake)	Tsuchi-no-To (Junior Earth)	Tsuchi-no-To-Mi
7	Uma (Horse)	Canoe (Elder Gold)	Ka-no-E-Uma
8	Hitsuji (Sheep)	Ka-no-To (Junior Gold)	Ka-no-To-Hitsuji
9	Saru (Monkey)	Mizu no E (Elder Water)	Mizu-no-E-Saru
10	Tori (Rooster)	Mizu-no-To (Younger Water)	Mizu-no-To-Tori
11	Inu (Dog)	Ki-no-E (Elder Tree)	Ki-no-E-Inu
12	I (Boar)	Ki-no-To (Junior Tree)	Ki-no-To-I
13	Ne (Rat)	Hi-no-E (Elder Fire)	Hi-no-E-Ne
and so on...

Two cycles seem to rotate opposite each other. It is easy to calculate that each combination of junishi and jikkan is repeated once every sixty years. Therefore, the sixtieth anniversary ( canracks) is of particular importance in Japan.

The last junishi-jikkan cycle began in 1984. Accordingly, 2000 is the year of Ka-no-E-Tatsu.

The year in the Chinese calendar usually begins on February 4, as spring begins to arrive in China and Japan at this time.

Counting years by reign of emperors

It is also a Chinese invention adopted by the Japanese. Each emperor, ascending the throne, approves the motto ( nengō), under which his reign will pass. In ancient times, the emperor sometimes changed the motto if the beginning of the reign was unsuccessful, or if he wanted to mark some significant event In my life.

During the Meiji Restoration, the practice of changing the motto during the reign was banned. Now each reign of the emperor corresponds to exactly one motto.

The beginning of the motto of the board is considered the first year of a new historical period. All nengō are unique, so they can be used as a universal time scale.

Period Heisei("Peace and tranquility"), as well as the reign of the emperor Akihito started in 1989. Accordingly, the year 2000 is the 12th year of the Heisei period.

Counting years from the founding of Japan

During the Meiji Restoration, a unified system of Japanese chronology was introduced, dating back to 660 BC, this is the legendary date of the founding of the Japanese state by the emperor Jimmu. Generally speaking, this system has existed since ancient times, but with the introduction of the system of mottos of government, it was forgotten.

This system was not really used until the end of World War II. Now the memory of her is preserved only in the naming system of Japanese aviation equipment of those years. The last two digits of the numerical designation of the aircraft model corresponded to the last two digits of the date of acceptance of this modification into service.

So, the legendary carrier-based fighter "Mitsubishi A6M2 Model 21 "Reisen" ("Zero" or "Ziki" in the American classification) was marked "Type 0", since it was commissioned in 2600 from the founding of Japan, or, respectively, in 1940.

Eastern astrology, Eastern calendar , marks years in 12-year cycles. The name of each year corresponds to a certain animal, of which there are twelve.

Zoological name of the year	Years of birth of people
Rat. Mouse
Buffalo. Bull. Vol. Cow
Tiger. Snow Leopard
Cat. Hare. Rabbit
The Dragon. Crocodile
Goat. Sheep. Ram
A monkey
Rooster. Chicken
Dog. Dog
Boar. Pig

Year of the Monkey

These people are unreliable, contradictory, dexterous, inventive, original. Success is achieved in any activity. They are easily persuaded and distracted. Any obstacle spoils their mood, because. they want everything right now.

They are temperamental, quick-tempered, but quick-tempered. Cunning. are selfish and selfish. Achieve fame, unless the people of the Tigers interfere with them.

Let's combine the union with the Dragon, the Rat. People of the sign of the Snake, Boar, Tiger are not suitable.

Year of the Rooster (Chicken)

Deep thinkers. People are gifted. They love work and are dedicated to their work. Somewhat eccentric and does not immediately converge with people.

Always confident in their rightness and usually right. Often very lonely, withdrawn. Robki. What is planned is always realized. They have ups and downs of feeling. Lucky streaks alternate with lucky streaks. They can be selfish and overly straightforward. Always interesting and capable of bold actions.

They are suitable for friendship, people of the Snake, Dragon, Ox. The people of the Tiger, Horse, Monkey, Sheep and Boar are not suitable at all.

Year of the Boar (Pig)

Brave, capable of self-sacrifice. Everything they do, they put their all into it. recognize only the direct path. Honest, courageous people. Difficulty getting along with people. Friends, who are few, are faithful to the end of life. Friends will not be left in trouble. laconic. Curious. They are quick-tempered, but do not like quarrels. Generous and considerate to those you love.

They don't shy away from problems. They act sometimes under the influence of a momentary impulse. Boar fit Rabbit, Sheep. Not compatible with the Snake.

Year of the Dog

Are true. Honest. Fair. They inspire confidence, because know how to keep secrets.

Somewhat selfish, very stubborn and eccentric. They do not strive for wealth, but they always have money. Emotional. Cold towards strangers. Critical, famous for their sharp tongue. They stand for justice, they know what they are fighting for.

The case is brought to an end. They usually win. They make good leaders, revolutionaries.

Suitable for love, friendship, life partners: Horse, Tiger, Rabbit.

Incompatible - Dragon, Sheep.

Year of the Tiger

Sensitive. Energetic. prone to contemplation. They are irritable. Mostly respected, but often come into conflict with elders and superiors. Appreciate the decision, but often too late. Suspicious and selfish. Strong, courageous people. Usually leaders, revolutionaries.

People are suitable for them - Horses, Dragons, Dogs. Incompatible - Snake, Monkey.

Year of the Ox (Ox)

They instill confidence. They can be eccentric, impatient and lose their temper easily. Anger knows no bounds. In such cases, they should be wary. Not very talkative. But they are also eloquent. Usually they have good physical and mental data. Reputed to be people with an easy character. Sometimes stubborn. They don't like contradictions. Love is seen as a sport. The main thing for them is the Motherland, work, family.

Well compatible with the Snake, Rooster, Rat.

Incompatible with Sheep.

Year of the Cat (Hare)

Individual. Talented, ambitious. They are always lucky.

Kind, reserved. They have good taste. They inspire confidence and admiration. Financially lucky. They love to gossip, but are tactful and kind. Gentle with those they love, but rarely attached to their immediate family. They almost never lose their temper. They have excellent business skills. Are conscientious. Not always tactful, prone to melancholy. Conservative. Cautious.

Suitable for them: Sheep, Boar, Dog.

Incompatible with Rooster.

Year of the Rat (Mouse)

Outwardly attractive. Purposeful, hardworking, striving to acquire property. Neat to the point of pedantry. Thrifty. Be generous with those you love. Easily fall into anger, but retain external composure. Petty, ambitious. For the most part, they succeed and get what they want. Usually honest, open, but many of them are not averse to gossip.

Correspond to: Dragon, Monkey, Ox.

Not suitable at all Horse.

Year of the Sheep (Goat)

Possess abilities in the field of fine arts. Often shy, prone to pessimism. Helpless before life.

Capricious. Appreciate convenience. They have good taste. They love their job. Reasonable and virtuous.

Mostly financially secure.

For friendship, love, marriage, the people of the Horse, the Boar are suitable for them, but the people of the Dog, the Ox are not suitable at all.

Year of the Dragon

They have excellent health. easily excitable. Sometimes sharp and stubborn. Honest. Emotional. Resolute. You can always rely on them.

Willful. They tend to be soft-hearted. Quickly get rid of their delusions. They get married, get married early or don't get married at all, don't get married.

Compatible with them: Rat, Snake, Monkey, Rooster.

Incompatible Dog.

Year of the Snake

Taciturn. Wise from birth. Their financial affairs are always excellent.

Often they are vain, selfish. Rely more on yourself. Determined and purposeful. They deeply experience their failures. Outwardly calm, but natrua passionate. Outwardly, such people are attractive, which often leads to family complications.

They correspond to the people of the Ox and the Rooster.

The people of the Tiger and the Boar are not suitable.

Year of the Horse

These people are very popular. They have a good character. They know how to handle money. Skillful and insightful. Sometimes they talk a lot. Talented. They're all right. Self-confident. Indifferent to the opposite sex. For themselves personally they invest maximum strength and passion, with the exception of official duties. They love entertainment, gatherings, being in the center of events. Independent. Rarely listen to the advice of others.

Well suited Tiger, Dog, Sheep.

Rat doesn't fit at all.

_______________

The source of information: Faces of fate: horoscopes, divination, dream book. / - Kiev: 1993.