Training in driving jet skis and small boats, general information, navigation. Aids to Navigation (Aids to Navigation) Signs on the river for small
Navigation signs and lights of inland waterways of RussiaGeneral provisions
1. Navigation signs and lights are designed to create safe conditions for navigation of ships and ensure the safety of artificial structures on inland waterways
2. Navigation lights on structures must operate from sunset to sunrise
3. With the lateral system, the types, main parameters and dimensions, the color and type of coloring of navigation marks, as well as the nature, color and relative position of signal lights are determined in the prescribed manner
4. With the cardinal system, the color and type of coloring of the floating signs, their top figures and the nature of the lights are determined by the current fencing system on the waterways of the categories "M" and "O"
Composition and purpose of navigation marks
1. Navigation signs are divided into coastal and floating. In turn, they, depending on the silhouette of the figure, can be: rectangular, triangular, round, trapezoidal, combined, linear.
2. Coastal signs include fencing signs (designations) of the ship's passage and information signs
Coastal signs indicating the position of the ship's passage include crossing, navigation, spring signs "landmark", indicators of the height of the underbridge clearance and the edges of the ship's passage in the navigable spans of bridges, navigation channel lights, as well as identification marks and beacons. By these signs, the navigator determines the direction of the ship's course.
3. The structure of floating signs includes buoys, milestones
4. Floating navigation signs are divided into edge, turn, dump, separation, axial, rotary-axial and danger signs
5. On the rivers, the name of the right and left edges (sides) of the ship's passage is taken in the direction of the water flow
On transit ship passages of reservoirs, the names of the parties are taken in the direction from the backwater wedging zone to the dam
On the approaches to ports, marinas, shelters, as well as on the ship passages of tributaries flowing into the reservoir, the name of the right and left edges of the ship passage is taken in the direction of the transit ship passage
On canals and lakes, the names of the parties on the ship's passages are accepted conditionally when designing the transport development of these waterways.
Depending on the requirements for the operation of inland waterways, signs are either equipped with navigation lights or displayed without lights. Signs equipped with lights are designed to ensure the movement of ships around the clock, as well as reflective signs, which are observed at night when using ship searchlights.
Navigation lights are characterized by the color and nature of the fire - alternating flashes (glimmers) and pauses (blackouts).
The nature of navigation lights
1. Constant
2.
Flashing - periodically repeating flashes
3
. Double flash - periodically repeating groups of two flashes
4.
Frequent flashing - continuously repeated frequent flashes
5.
Group-often flashing - periodically repeating groups
6.
Pulsating - continuously repeating light pulses
7.
Intermittently pulsating - periodically repeating groups
8.
Eclipsing - periodically repeated flashes and short-term eclipses
Floating navigation signs and lights to indicate the boundaries of the ship's passage.
Floating navigation signs serve to protect dangers, indicate the edges and the axis of the ship's course. These signs, depending on the specific conditions, are displayed on water bodies according to a certain system: lateral or cardinal.
On inland waterways, 3 types of floating signs are usually used: buoys, buoys and milestones.
On inland waterways, 3 types of floating signs are used: buoys, buoys and milestones.
buoys.
They are metal floats of a conical or cylindrical shape, installed in areas with strong excitement. The buoys are numbered.
The buoy is held in place by an anchor device. The length of the anchor chain is 2 to 3 times the depth at the installation site.
The most important qualities of a buoy are its buoyancy and stability.
The buoy is equipped with a signal light, which is powered by electric batteries located in a special case inside the hull.
buoys.
They consist of a float part (raft) and a signal figure (superstructure) fixed on it of a trapezoidal, round or rectangular shape.
Milestones.
They are a pole attached by a cable to an anchor load. They are used as daytime floating signs on rivers with unlit navigable conditions. Milestones can be placed in addition to buoys and buoys for their duplication. The height of the above-water part of river milestones is 1 - 2 m, lake - should be equal to the above-water height of the buoys exposed in this area.
Navigational floating signs have their own distinctive features in terms of coloring, color and nature of fire, depending on their purpose and placement system.
Edge to indicate the edges of the ship's passage
1.
Right side red light, steady or flashing
When moving downstream, the sign is left on the right, when moving upstream, on the left.
2.
Left-hand side green, yellow or white light, steady or flashing
When moving downstream, the sign remains on the left, when moving upstream, on the right.
3.Separating. To indicate the separation of the ship's passage.
or
or
Indicates to the navigator that it is necessary to select the ship's course corresponding to the direction of the vessel's movement.
4. Danger signs enclosing dangerous places and navigation obstacles
right bank, fire - red, flashing or two flashing,
left bank, fire - green, flashing or two flashing
5.Signal signs, indicating the turn of the ship's course.
right bank, fire - red, flashing or often flashing,
left bank, fire - white, yellow or green, flashing or often flashing
6.Signal signs, denoting the axis of the ship's course and at the same time its edge to separate oncoming flows of ships
fire - white or yellow double flash
7.Signal signs, rotary-axial to indicate the turn of the axis of the ship milestone - two black (or white) and three red horizontal stripes of equal width. course The fire is white or yellow, group-frequently flashing.
8. Dump sign. Indicates a stall current that does not coincide with the direction of the ship's course. Installed on the side opposite the stall, upstream.
a) on the right edge indicates that the stall current is directed towards the right edge of the channel.
b) on the left edge indicates that the stall current is directed towards the left edge of the ship's passage
Coastal navigation marks indicating the position of the ship's passage
1.
The color of the shields of coastal leading and crossing signs is chosen to create a contrast with the background of the area (light or dark) and does not depend on the coast (right or left). The color of the lights depends on the shore (right or left)
2. Axial gate to indicate the axis of the ship's course, consists of two signs forward and backward. Sometimes this alignment is called linear. The front sign is located below the rear.
According to their form, the signs of the axial alignment can be of three types: rectangular (square) shields; trapezoidal shields; combined (lower shield trapezoidal, upper square).
Lights on the right bank red or white on the left bank - green or white on the front marks - fixed on the rear - flashing
When following the axis of the ship's passage, the navigator observes the combined leading strips of signs (during the day) and lights (at night), located on the same vertical. If the vessel deviates from the axis, the signs are shifted relative to each other or the imaginary line connecting the lights is tilted.
On a dark background On a light background
3.Slot slot to indicate the position of the ship's passage and its edges consists of three signs, two front and one rear
The lights on the right and left banks are yellow, on the front signs are constant, on the back - flashing.
If the navigator observes the rear shield (fire) between the front ones, then the ship is on the ship's course, if the strip of one of the front shields coincides with the strip of the rear shield, then this means that the ship has reached the edge of the navigation channel.
On a dark background On a light background
4. Edge gate to indicate the exact position of the ship's passage and its edges
The lights are permanent or two-stroke red on the right edge, green on the left.
In fact, this alignment can be considered as two combined axial alignments, one of which shows the left edge of the ship's passage, and the other - the right.
As long as the navigator observes during the day the gap between the vertical edges of the shields of the front and rear signs (at night, the conditional line connecting the lights of these signs is inclined towards the channel), the vessel is in the leading zone.
Two positions of the vessel when orienting along the edge alignment:
a) the ship is on the left edge of the ship's passage, because the vertical faces of the front and rear signs are combined;
b) the ship is on the axis of the ship's course.
On a dark background
On a light background
5. Crossing sign serves to designate a ship's passage and is installed in places where this passage changes direction from one coast to another. Unlike alignments, crossing signs are placed one at a time.
Crossing signs in form can be:
- a pillar with two square shields attached to its top, indicating two directions of the ship's passage;
- Rectangular vertical boards of the entire height of the sign, installed so that their front sides indicate the direction of the ship's passage;
- the third type of the pass sign is a structure of inclined trapezoidal shields tapering upwards with square shields on their tops.
The number of crossing signs placed on the river section depends on the sinuosity of the ship's passage. On the passes, two signs are usually put up - according to the sign on the left and right banks. Moreover, if these signs are connected by a conditional straight line, then it will coincide with the axis of the ship's passage.
Lights permanent or flashing, on the right bank red or white on the left - green or white or yellow flashing on both banks
On a dark background
On a light background
6.Spring sign serves to mark flooded shores and is displayed on flooded islands, ravines, capes to prevent the vessel from running aground.
On the left bank, the sign is a structure made of a pillar, on top of which a white trapezoid shield is fixed. On the right bank is a shield of the spring sign of a round shape of red color.
The lights are constant, red on the right bank, green on the left
7. Running sign to designate a ship's passage located near the shore.
The sign consists of a pillar and a diamond-shaped shield attached to its upper part. To increase the visibility range, the shield can be set to the full height of the sign.
Most often, this sign is located on clean (running) yards.
The running signs of the left bank are equipped with green flashing lights of all-round visibility, the right bank with the same red lights.
On the right bank On the left bank
8. Sign "landmark" It is used to designate characteristic conspicuous places (cape, island, etc.) on rivers, reservoirs and lakes.
The sign has a rectangular or trapezoidal shape. Shields (oblique) on the left bank are painted with alternating stripes of horizontal black and white, and on the right bank - red and white.
Two-flashing lights red or white on the right bank, green or white on the left bank or flashing yellow on both banks
On the right bank On the left bank
| On the right bank |
On the left coast |
|
Or |
Or |
9. Sign "Track fire" It is installed on the slopes of the banks of shipping channels and serves to orient the navigators.
Track lights are placed on both sides of the canal in pairs (against each other), usually every 250 m. The sign, as a rule, is a one-meter arbitrary structure, painted with ball paint.
In the upper part of the sign at night on the left bank a constant green light is lit, on the right bank a red constant light is lit. These lights are directed along the canal. In addition, the sign may have a lower white light, which is covered by a visor from above and illuminates the slope of the canal and the water's edge.
10.Signalization of navigable spans of bridges
Signs and lights on bridges.
These signs indicate the spans for the passage of ships, raftsmen and small watercraft under the bridges from above and below, as well as the direction of the axis of the ship's passage and the height of the underbridge clearances. A visual view and characteristics of the signs and lights displayed on the bridges are presented
Navigable spans of bridges are marked by the following signs and lights located on trusses in the middle of these spans:
a) for ships sailing from below - a square shield, at night - two permanent red leading lights visible from the navigation side of the span;
b) for ships sailing from above - a diamond-shaped shield, at night - two permanent red leading lights visible from the navigation side of the span;
c) for rafts -
round shield, at night - two permanent green leading lights;
d) for small boats - a triangular shield, top down, no lights are set at night. On a dark background, the signs are painted in white, on a light background - in red.
Bridge clearance height indicators are square boards (green on a light background or white on a dark background) located vertically one above the other on the bridge supports. At night, a green permanent fire burns in the center of each shield.
Composition and distinctive features of floating signs with a cardinal system of placement
1. Cardinal signs are designed to protect navigational hazards. They are placed around the danger according to the principle of fencing it relative to the cardinal directions (in the four main directions of the compass). At the same time, the horizon around the danger fences is conditionally divided into four sectors - northern, eastern, southern and western
Cardinal signs are placed in one, several or all sectors at the same time to indicate the side from which the guarded danger should be bypassed.
Signs indicating individual dangerous places
The buoy is black with a wide red horizontal stripe, the light is white with two flashes. Milestone with top mark: two black balls one above the other. The sign is placed above the danger.
It is forbidden to use lighting devices, searchlights, as well as shields, flags and other objects if they can be mistaken for light signaling, lights and signals referred to in these Rules or if they can impair visibility or make it difficult to recognize navigation lights and signals.
lighthouses
serve to orient navigators when navigating on some estuarine sections of large rivers, reservoirs, lakes, as well as the entrance to the canal.
They are towers of various designs and architecture. (Fig. 168).
At the top of the lighthouse there is equipment for giving light signals with a set characteristic and color of fire. Some beacons are equipped with hazy sound alarms, as well as radio equipment for transmitting radio signals at certain frequencies.
The description of the lighthouses is detailed in the corresponding sailing directions, and their exact coordinates (latitude and longitude) of location are plotted on navigation charts.
Arrangement schemes for navigation signs. In order to consolidate knowledge of navigational signs and acquire primary skills of navigating by them while sailing, it is useful for a novice navigator to learn how to read maps (diagrams) of sections of the route with navigational landmarks printed on them.
The simplest schemes for arranging the most common signs with an indication of the axis of the ship's passage, which is marked with a dotted line, are shown in Fig. 169-172.
The linear alignment is the most common alignment installed on waterways, and gives the exact position of the axis of the ship's course.
Slotted and edge sections are mainly used in areas where it is required to ensure increased reliability of the situation, improve the orientation of navigators when passing and overtaking, as well as in places where floating signs are often knocked off their regular places.
Pass signs(1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6) are usually installed on the deep banks of the reach and pass sections of rivers, as well as on waterways with unlit and reflective conditions.
running signs(7.8) are established with the calculation of ensuring the movement of ships from sign to sign, as well as between the crossing and crossing signs.
spring signs are installed on capes protruding towards the ship's course and crests of floodplain banks. On the rice. 177 spring signs indicate dangerous flooded brows. Signs 1 and 3 are on the right bank. 2 and 4 left.
Appendix No. 5
to the Rules (paragraphs 125. 167, 183)
Information signs.
The information signs shown on the color tab (application) are divided into three groups:
1. Prohibition signs.
The signal board of these signs has a round white color, the edging and the diagonal stripe are red, the symbol is black.
Fire - yellow often flashing.
Signs prohibit navigators from performing certain actions and maneuvers. Prohibition signs "Missing and overtaking trains is prohibited!", "Missing and overtaking is prohibited!" in places most convenient for observation from ships.
2. Warning and prescriptive signs.
These signs instruct navigators to be careful on this section of the route and to comply with certain safety requirements for navigation.
Fire - yellow, flashing.
The sign "Crossing the ship's passage" is installed above or below the crossing, the sign "Observe surface clearance!" - on both banks, 100 m above or below (downstream) from the location of the crossing, as well as on the support or span of the bridge.
Signs "Attention!" and "Speed limited!" are installed at the beginning and end of the section to which they apply, in places most convenient for observation from ships.
3. Indicative signs.
They inform navigators about the safest places to maneuver, the location of certain objects, the width of the navigation channel, depths and other navigational information.
prohibition signs
1. Prohibition of passage- general signal sign"Semaphore" is designed to designate sections with one-way (alternate) traffic of ships, as well as to regulate traffic through the raised spans of floating bridges.
The floating bridge, when it is raised, must have in dark time the following light signaling:
on the right downstream side of the span - two red permanent lights (on the downstream and upstream corners of the span);
on the left side of the span - two green permanent lights (on the lower and upper corners of the span);
on the allotted part of the bridge, at the end protruding into the river, a signal fire is installed from the core side, corresponding to the edge ones (red to the right bank, green to the left);
on the built bridge along its entire length, every 50 m, at a height of at least 2 m above the upper deck of the bridge, white lights are installed.
The regulation of the passage of ships through the divorced parts of the floating bridge is carried out with the help of signals raised on the semaphore mast.
| Name of the sign |
Color and nature of fire |
|
|
Semaphore: The passage is closed from below and from above | ||
|
The passage is closed from below | ||
|
The passage is closed from above | ||
|
Traffic light: Move closed | ||
|
The move is open |
Sign " Traffic light"regulates the movement of ships in the areas of locks, barrier gates of ferry rope crossings and in lifting navigable spans of bridges.
2.
Sign " Passing and overtaking prohibited" denotes a section of the channel where overtaking and passing of ships is prohibited
3.
Sign " Divergence and overtaking of trains are prohibited" denotes a section of the channel where passing and overtaking of convoys and large vessels over 120 m in length are prohibited.
at night - eclipsing yellow fire
4.
Sign " Do not drop anchors" denotes an underwater crossing area where it is forbidden to drop anchors, lower chains and lots
At night - two permanent yellow lights arranged vertically
5.
Sign " Don't create a commotion" denotes sections of the waterway where it is forbidden to create waves.
6.
Sign " Movement of small boats is prohibited" denotes a section where the movement of small vessels is prohibited on the ship's course (on roadsteads in approach channels, at berths, etc.).
At night - eclipsing yellow fire
Notes.
1. Signs are installed at a distance of 100 m above and below (downstream) from the axis of underwater crossings.
2. Signs are placed in pairs so that each pair forms a transverse alignment. On canals and sections of rivers in the area settlements with a channel width of up to 500 m, it is allowed to install one sign on the crossing axis on each bank
3. On waterways with a channel width of up to 500 m, the alignment of signs is placed on the bank on which they are better visible from ships.
4. If the width of the water putsch is more than 500 m, the alignments of signs are installed on both banks.
5. If the ship's passage is located along the navigation bank, the alignments of signs are installed only on this bank, regardless of the width of the waterway.
Warning and Mandatory Signs
1.
Sign " Speed limited" denotes sections of the shipping route where the speed of movement of displacement vessels is limited (on canals, in outports, water areas of raids, etc.) numbers show the maximum allowable speed (km / h)
2.
Sign " Attention" denotes sections of the shipping route where special care must be taken exclamation mark figure.
At night - flashing yellow fire
3.
Sign " Crossing the ship's passage" to indicate the places where ships and ferries cross the ship's passage
At night - flashing yellow fire
4.
Sign " Respect the water clearance" denotes a bridge and a surface crossing. A figure that shows the minimum clearance height of the surface crossing, the height of the under-bridge navigable clearance of the navigable span of the bridge from the design water level (m)
At night - two yellow permanent lights, located horizontally.
Directive signs
1
. Sign " Place of turnover of ships" to indicate the area where it is most safe to turn the vessel
At night - fire yellow constant
2.
Sign " Shipping Inspection Post" to designate the locations of shipping inspection units
Fire yellow steady
3.
"stop sign" denotes the useful length of the lock chambers and the boundaries of the mooring (stopping) zone for ships in the approach channels to the locks. The sign is a (vertical) red stripe 0.2-0.4 m wide and at least 1.5 m long, applied on the parapets and (or) walls of chambers and berthing structures of locks
Illuminated by a constant red light.
4.
Sign " Raid Pointer" to indicate the border of the raid. If there are several raids, the number shows the ordinal number of the raid
Note: It is allowed to install additional shields, where the arrow indicates the direction of the raid, and the numbers indicate the length of the raid (m)
At night - constant lights on the left bank of green color on the right - red color
Floating navigation signs.
Lateral system for placing floating navigation marks
in - a system in which signs indicate the sides or axis of the course. It is used on rivers, reservoirs, canals, small lakes and on approaches to seaports.
It was found that the right bank is the bank of the inland waterway, located to the right of the observer facing downstream, and the left bank is to the left of the observer facing downstream.
On canals, lakes and reservoirs, the direction of the current is taken conditionally and is reported in navigation manuals and documents.
On the transit ship passages of reservoirs, the names of the sides (right and left) of the edge are usually set in the direction from the wedging zone to the dam, on lakes - taking into account the rivers flowing into and flowing out of them.
On approaches to ports, marinas and shelters, as well as on the ship's passages of rivers flowing into the reservoir, the name of the edges of the ship's passage is taken in the direction of the transit ship's passage.
Cardinal system for placing floating navigation marks
-
this is a system in which navigational hazards are fenced off relative to the cardinal points according to the compass. It is used on the seas, large lakes and in the sea mouths of large rivers.
Types of floating navigation signs of this system, their description, placement, purpose and characteristics of lights are set out in this chapter. (§eight)"Aids to Navigation of the Seas".
In the waters of the northwestern part of Europe (on large lakes and at the mouths of large rivers), an international system has been adopted to protect hazards navigation equipment - IALA system(Fig. 173).
With a cardinal arrangement of floating signs of the IALA system, the northern buoy and milestone are set to the north of the danger (southern - to S, eastern - to E, western - to W) and for safe passage they should be left to the south (southern - to N, eastern - to W, western - to E). The characteristics of the lights of these signs are as follows:
northern buoy - white fire with frequent flashes (50-60 flashes per minute);
south buoy - white intermittent flashing light with a subsequent long (at least 2 s) flash (6 frequent and 1 long flash, period 15 s);
east buoy- white intermittent light with frequent flashing (3 frequent flashes and a pause, period 10 s);
western buoy - fire white intermittent, often flashing (9 frequent flashes and a pause, period 15 s).
The tops of these buoys and milestones are equipped with top figures in the form of black triangles (holics), the location of which relative to each other on each sign is different and is indicated on figure 173.
Small hazards can be guarded by one buoy with a pole (Fig. 174) without displaying other cardinal marks.
These signs are placed directly above the guarded danger.
Axial system for placing floating navigation marks in sea areas - used to mark the starting points and axes of fairways (channels), as well as the middle of passages in areas dangerous for navigation (Fig. 175).
Lateral marking system in sea areas - used for fencing the sides of fairways (channels) and passages (Fig. 176).
Special Purpose Signs
-
used to mark anchorages and quarantines (Fig. 177).
Safety signs on the water are installed by the owners of beaches, crossings, pontoon bridges, bases (structures) for parking of small boats, legal entities engaged in dredging, construction or other work, in order to prevent accidents with people on the water.
Safety signs must be in the form of a rectangle with side dimensions of at least 50x60 centimeters and be made of boards, thick plywood, metal sheets or other durable material.
Safety signs are installed in conspicuous places on the instructions of authorized state supervision bodies and are fixed on poles (wooden, metal, reinforced concrete, etc.) with a height of at least 2.5 meters.
The inscriptions on the signs are applied in the appropriate color.
Safety signs on the water and near water bodies are not hosted
Safety signs on the water and near water bodies
| Meaning: | ||
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| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Green | |
| Contrasting color: | White | |
| Download photo: | 1000x1000px | |
| The sign is in a green frame, the inscription is at the top (with indication of the boundaries in meters), a floating person is depicted below. | ||
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| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Green | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| Inside a green frame on a white background: on top - the inscription "A place for bathing children", below are two children standing in the water | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| The sign is fixed on a white pole. Accommodation - close to water | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
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| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Green | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| Inside a green frame on a white background: above - the inscription "Bathing place for animals", below is a swimming dog. | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| The sign is fixed on a white pole. Accommodation - close to water | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
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| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Red | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| Sign in a red frame, crossed out with a red line diagonally from the upper left corner (indicating the boundaries in meters). Below is a floating person. | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
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| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Red | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| A sign in a red circle, crossed out with a red line diagonally from the top corner. A floating man is depicted inside. | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| The sign is fixed on a red pole. Accommodation - close to water | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
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| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Green | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| Inside the frame on a green background: in the middle - the inscription "Crossing on the ice is allowed." | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| The sign is fixed on a white pole. Accommodation - close to water | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
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| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Red | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| Inside the frame on a red background: in the middle - the inscription "Crossing on the ice is prohibited." | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| The sign is fixed on a red pole. Accommodation - close to water | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
| Meaning: | ||
| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Red | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| Inside a red circle on a white background: a boat with a black outboard motor, diagonally crossed out by a red line from the upper left corner, without inscription. | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| The sign is fixed on a red pole. Accommodation - close to water | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
| Meaning: | ||
| Document: | not hosted | |
| Designation (code): | - | |
| Signal color: | Red | |
| Contrasting color: | White | Download photo: | 1000x1000px |
| Recommendations for use (description): | ||
| Inside a red circle on a white background: A person on a jet ski in black, diagonally crossed out by a red line from the upper left corner, without inscription. | ||
| Location (recommendations): | ||
| The sign is fixed on a red pole. Accommodation - close to water | ||
| Materials for making a sign: | ||
| self-adhesive film, flame retardant PVC plastic, metal | ||
| Recommended dimensions, mm (circle diameter): | ||
| 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 | ||
Useful information:
Floating navigation marks of the lateral system
Floating navigation signs according to their purpose are divided into edge, turn, danger signs, dump, dividing, axial and rotary-axial.
Edge signs (milestones, buoys, buoys) serve to mark the edges of the ship's passage.
All signs of the right bank are painted only in red. At the top of the right-bank milestones there is a top figure - a black ball or golik (a broom made of twigs). When the vessel moves downstream, these signs are left to the right, against the current - to the left.
At the left bank, milestones and buoys are painted white, on the lake-river sections of reservoirs, buoys can be black, buoys are always black. Both buoys and buoys of the left edge are only conical in shape. When moving downstream, these signs are left to the left, when moving upstream, to the right.
Turn signs - indicate turns of straight sections of the ship's passage, which has a significant length, as well as a sharp turn of the ship's passage in sections of the waterway with limited visibility or a rocky bottom.
Turning signs are, in principle, ordinary edge signs - beacons or buoys - of a triangular or rectangular silhouette (red, white or black) with a horizontal contrasting (black or white) stripe in the middle. As a rule, they stand near the convex coast. The turning sign of the left edge shows the turn of the ship's course to the left relative to the current, when passing it, the vessel must turn to the left, leaving the sign to the left bank.
The turning sign of the right edge shows the turn of the ship's passage to the right relative to the current; when it passes, the vessel must turn to the right, leaving the sign to the right bank.
Danger signs - indicate especially dangerous and underwater obstacles at the edges of the ship's passage (flooded structures, sunken ships, sandbanks, underwater rocks, etc.).
These signs are installed directly at the protected danger from the river side (from the side of the current). At the locations of these signs, the navigator must take special precautions to prevent the vessel from approaching this sign.
Danger signs of the left edge - buoys, white triangular silhouette buoys, with one black horizontal stripe in the middle and one vertical stripe.
Danger signs of the right edge - buoys, red rectangular silhouette buoys, with one black or white horizontal stripe in the middle and one black or white vertical stripe.
The main difference between danger signs in color is that the stripes on
buoys, buoys form a clearly visible cross - a sign of danger.
Dump signs indicate places where the direction of the current does not coincide with the direction of the ship's course.
Stall marks are installed near the edge marks on the edge of the ship's passage, opposite to the current stall, so that the sign setting line shows the direction of the stall current.
The signs of the left edge are a buoy or buoy of a triangular silhouette, their lower half is black, the upper half is white.
The signs of the right edge are a buoy or buoy of a rectangular silhouette in red, the lower half of which is black or white.
Dividing marks indicate the places of division (branching) of the ship's passage.
The signs have a triangular silhouette.
They are painted with alternating vertical stripes of red and black (or white).
It is allowed to use two edge (paired) signs instead of a dividing sign - the left and right edges of the navigation channel.
Axial signs are installed along the axis of the navigation channel (with a width of at least 300 m), dividing it into two navigation lanes - for ships going upstream and for ships going downstream. Orientation along the axial signs is carried out according to the principle - " follow from sign to sign, leaving it on the left." Axial buoys and milestones are used to indicate the axis of the ship's passage, and rotary-axial buoys and milestones are used to indicate the turn of the ship's passage.
Axial buoys and milestones have a triangular or linear silhouette, painted with two black and three white, equal in width, horizontal alternating stripes. The milestone has a round (spherical) black top figure on top.
Pivot buoys have the same shape as pivot buoys (triangular or linear). Its superstructure is painted with two black or white and three red, equal in width, horizontal alternating stripes.
The swivel pole is painted with two black or white and three red, horizontal alternating stripes. The top figure of the milestone is a black ball.
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Index, name and meaning of the sign (fire) |
Type of signal board |
Color, character and relative position of the lights |
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Divergence and overtaking are prohibited! |
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Divergence and overtaking of trains are prohibited! |
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Don't drop anchors! Note: Signs set by the owners of facilities in agreement with the authorities regulating shipping. |
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Don't create disturbance! Note: |
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movement of small
floating
funds are prohibited! |
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Traffic light |
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2. Warning and instructional signs |
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Speed limited! |
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Attention! |
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Crossing the ship's passage! Note: The signs are installed by the owners of the structures in agreement with the authorities regulating navigation. |
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Respect the water clearance! |
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3. Signs |
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Place of turnover of ships |
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Shipping Inspection Post Note: The signs are set by the owners of the post. |
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stop Notes:
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The minimum clearance height of the above-water crossing is a value equal to the difference between the values of the crossing height and the established margin, which is determined based on the conditions of the maximum sag of the wires and the maximum navigable water level.
Bridge navigation clearance - a rectangular outline of the space in the navigable span of the bridge within the navigation channel (in a section perpendicular to the axis of the navigation channel), free from protruding structural elements of the bridge and devices located on it, including navigational signs.
Notes.
1. Signs are installed by the owners of facilities in agreement with the authorities regulating navigation.
2. On the bridge, signs are installed on a support or on a span, while it is allowed to use signs without lights. Dimension restriction signs (additional vertical safety markings) must comply with the requirements of the standard.
Raid signs
Raid indicator (raid sign) to indicate the border of the raid.
Notes.
1. It is allowed to install additional shields, where the arrow indicates the direction of the raid, and the numbers indicate the length of the raid (m).
2. On the roadsteads of non-public use, the signs are installed by the owners of the roadsteads in agreement with the authorities regulating navigation.
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Color, character and arrangement of lights of raid signs |
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Sign |
On the left coast |
On the right bank |
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Front |
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PRACTICAL WORK #1
Subject: Maritime Register of Shipping of Ukraine. Vessel class.
Foreign classification societies. International
Agreements to ensure the safety of navigation.
Purpose of practical work: To study the functions and tasks of the Register
Shipping of Ukraine, vessel class,
class symbol, class signs.
Foreign classification
societies and international agreements.
Exercise: To study the functions and tasks of the Register of Shipping,
Consider the class symbol and its signs, familiarize yourself with
foreign classification societies,
consider the requirements of international agreements for
maritime safety.
Materials for performing practical work.
1. Register. Rules for the classification and construction of sea vessels.
2. V.G. Alexishin. International and national standards
maritime safety.
3. V.M. Pruss. International legal aspects of navigation.
Work order:
1. To study the main functions and tasks of the Register in the field of classification and
supervision of the courts.
2. Remember the basic symbol of the class of a sea vessel:
· Built under the supervision of the Register.
· Built without the supervision of the Register.
3. Remember signs:
· Dividing the ship's hull into watertight compartments.
· Restrictions on the navigation area.
ship automation.
· Nuclear ship.
Definite purpose.
1. Decode class symbol:
KMO L1 1 A1 "Rudovoz".
KM L2 1 I A2 "Fishing", (KM) ULA 1 III "Tug",
KMO UL 2 A1 "Autonomous mother ship".
KM LZ 3 A2 "Passenger".
2. Familiarize yourself with the names of the classification societies of the leading maritime states.
3. Learn and memorize the requirements of the International Convention for the Protection human life at sea 1974 (SOLAS - 74), the International Maritime Organization - IMO, the International Convention for the Training, Certification of Seafarers and Watchkeeping - STCW - 78/95, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 - MARPOL 73/78, International Rules for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 - COLREGs -72, International Convention on Load Lines 1966
functions and tasks Register and remember
Study points 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the order
work.
BRIEF INFORMATION ON THE MARITIME REGISTER, SHIP CLASS,
FOREIGN CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES AND
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
REGISTER OF SHIPPING OF UKRAINE, ITS OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS.
REGISTER OF SHIPPING OF UKRAINE
“The Shipping Register of Ukraine is a national classification society. Formed in accordance with the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On the improvement of technical. Classification and shipping supervision in sea and river transport” dated June 8, 1998 No. 814.
The Register of Shipping of Ukraine operates on the basis of the Regulations on the Register of Shipping of Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On the improvement of technical, classification and shipping supervision in maritime and river transport" dated June 8, 1998 No. 814, as amended by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 461 dated March 25, 1999
The Register of Shipping of Ukraine carries out technical supervision and classifies sea and river merchant ships in accordance with Art. 22 of the Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine and Art. Art. 26 and 29 of the Law of Ukraine "On Transport", performs, within its competence, supervision over compliance with the requirements of international agreements in which Ukraine participates. The register belongs to the sphere of administration of the Ministry of Transport and operates on the basis of the rights of a state enterprise.
The Register includes:
Head office with location in Kyiv;
Territorial structural divisions.
The main tasks of the Register are:
Classification of sea and river vessels
Classification of inland water basins according to the conditions of navigation of ships, establishment;
boundaries of areas and conditions of sea navigation of supervised vessels;
Development and approval of rules and technical requirements for ensuring the fulfillment of the conditions for the safety of navigation of ships, the protection of life and health of passengers, ship crews, the preservation of transported goods, the environmental safety of ships;
Technical supervision over the implementation of rules and technical requirements by enterprises, organizations and persons who design, carry out construction and work on re-equipment, modernization, repair, operation of ships, ship mechanisms, devices and equipment, as well as the manufacture of materials and products for ships.
Classification and technical supervision of the Register are subject to seagoing vessels, inland and mixed (river-sea) navigation vessels, regardless of the form of ownership and departmental affiliation: self-propelled vessels - regardless of the power of the main mechanisms; non-self-propelled vessels and special-purpose floating facilities - regardless of gross tonnage; sailing and sail-motor vessels. Warships and vessels of the State Fisheries Committee (self-propelled - with main engines with a power of less than 55 kW, non-self-propelled - with a gross tonnage of less than 80 registered tons, as well as sports vessels) are not subject to the Register's technical supervision.
The Register, in accordance with agreements concluded with shipowners, performs the following functions:
Coordination of design and technical documentation and technical supervision of the construction, re-equipment, modernization and repair of ships, ship mechanisms, equipment, installations, refrigeration units, containers, testing and manufacturing of products and materials for ship supply, etc. with the relevant documents.
Technical supervision of ships in operation by conducting periodic and extraordinary inspections and issuing documents on the suitability of ships for navigation.
Technical supervision of the environmental safety of ships;
Technical supervision of other objects and processes of industry and transport by proxy of the Ministry of Transport;
Accounting for supervised courts with the maintenance of the Register Book;
Coordination of draft standards, guidelines, specifications and other regulatory documents for shipbuilding, ship repair and technical operation of the fleet;
Examination of the technical condition of ships and other objects of supervision in accordance with normative documents;
Other services for the classification and certification of quality systems and industrial products of Ukraine, as well as foreign products, in agreement with the State Standard and in accordance with the requirements of the Ukrainian State Product Certification System;
Publication of instructions, information and explanatory materials on issues of technical supervision, measurement and accounting of ships, shipbuilding and shipping;
Within the scope of its competence, issues certificates for ships that carry out foreign voyages, provided for by international treaties on issues of merchant shipping.
SHIP CLASS, CLASS SYMBOL.
If the ship is built in accordance with the requirements of the Register rules, then it may be assigned the Register class, determined by the purpose, navigation area, hull design and seaworthiness of the ship. The Register may also assign, renew or restore a class to a ship in service with the issue of a Classification Certificate. The class is assigned to the vessel or renewed for 4 years. The main symbol of the class of a ship built in accordance with the Rules and under the supervision of the Register consists of the sign O and the signs KM or K put in front of it.
The letter K - means the case, M - mechanisms.
KM O for self-propelled vessels, K O - for non-self-propelled vessels.
The main symbol of the class of a ship built without the supervision of the Register.
1. If a ship and its machinery were built in accordance with the rules and under the supervision of another classification body, and then it is assigned a class of the Register, the class symbol shall consist of the characters:
KM - for self-propelled vessels and K - for non-self-propelled vessels.
2. If the ship and its mechanical installation were built without supervision
classification body recognized by the Register or no supervision at all
classification body, and then the ship is assigned the class of the Register, then
class symbol consists of signs: (КМ) - for self-propelled vessels
(K) - for non-self-propelled vessels.
Icebreakers - ships intended for laying a channel in solid ice, escorting, fencing, towing ships and performing rescue operations in ice and meeting the requirements of the Rules, one of the following marks is added to the main class symbol: LL1, LL2, LL3, LL4.
The signs are applied depending on the thickness of the continuous ice field in which the icebreaker is moving and the total power on the propellers.
Vessel ice effort signs.
If the ship has ice forces in accordance with the requirements of the Register, then, depending on the category of reinforcement applied, one of the signs is added to the main one:
ULA, UL, L1, L2, L3. Ice strengthening categories are shown in the table.
Division marks.
For ships, the floodability of which is ensured when one, two or three adjacent compartments are flooded, one of the signs is placed to the right after the ice reinforcement category sign: 1 , 2 , 3 .
Navigation area restriction signs.
If the ship is intended for navigation in a limited area or for mixed (river-sea) navigation, then the signs I, II, II SP or which have the following meanings are added to the main symbol of the class:
I - navigation in open seas with a distance of up to 200 miles from the place of refuge and with an allowable distance between places of refuge up to 400 miles, as well as navigation in closed seas.
II - navigation in open seas with a distance of up to 50 miles from the place of refuge and with a distance of refuge up to 100 miles and navigation in closed seas within the limits established by the Register.
II SP - navigation on inland waterways, as well as in sea areas in waves of no more than 6 points and with a distance from the place of refuge: in open seas up to 50 miles and with a distance between places of refuge up to 100 miles.
In closed seas up to 100 miles and with a distance between places of refuge up to 200 miles.
III - coastal, offshore and port navigation within the boundaries established by the Register.
Automation signs.
The degree of ship automation is indicated by signs:
A1 - a ship, with the exception of a passenger ship, the scope of automation of the mechanical installation of which allows operation without a watch in the engine rooms and in the central control room (CPU).
A2 - the ship has automation that allows its operation without a watch in the engine rooms, but with a watch in the central control room.
AZ - ship with the help of main mechanisms 1500 kW (2040) hp the automation of which allows operation without a watch in engine rooms.
