A pink story about a white hood. The Tale of the White Hood

The emergence of the story, the last events of which are dated to the time of the archbishopric of Vasily in Novgorod (1330-1352), apparently dates back to the end of the 15th century. In the second quarter of the XVI century. it was revised and then revised several more times, reaching us in the amount of over 250 lists of the 16th-19th centuries. The author of the first revision, perhaps, was a translator, (interpreter) Dmitry Gerasimov, an active employee of the Novgorod Archbishop Gennady in collecting and translating bible books, who traveled on embassy business and on the case of compiling Paschalia to Rome.

This story is based on the legendary, religious and mythological understanding of the real historical event. The fact is that in the middle of the XIV century, the Patriarch of Constantinople sent a monastic headdress to the Novgorod Archbishop Vasily Kalika - white cowl. Gradually, a legendary legend developed around this fact that the white hood owes its origin to Emperor Constantine (306-337), who is revered as the first Roman emperor who gave Christianity a state status. Constantine presented the white klobuk to Pope Sylvester as a symbol of the highest church authority. A few centuries later, one of the popes, prompted by a miraculous phenomenon, sent a white hood to Constantinople. Patriarch of Constantinople Philotheus, again under the influence of a miraculous revelation, sent him to Novgorod.

The Tale gives a special religious and mystical meaning to the white hood - it is regarded as a mystical sign of God's chosenness, as a symbol of God's Grace, which Rus' inherits from the first Christians. Apparently, due to the affirmation of the priority of spiritual authority over secular, and also because of its Novgorod origin, The Tale of the White Klobuk was not recognized in official church circles - in the 16th century the church was already afraid to make such claims. And by the church council of 1667, the "Tale" was generally recognized as "false and wrong."

However, symbolic meaning white hood was preserved and supported in official church circles. In 1564, the Moscow Local Council adopted a "code" on the right of the Moscow metropolitan to wear a white klobuk. And with the establishment of the patriarchate in Russia at the end of the 16th century, the patriarchs began to wear a white hood.

"The Tale of the White Hood" received the widest distribution in the manuscript tradition of the 16th-18th centuries. - about three hundred handwritten lists are known. She was especially popular among the Old Believers.

THE STORY ABOUT THE NOVGOROD WHITE KLOBUK

MESSAGE FROM DMITRY THE GREK TOLMACH TO THE NOVGOROD ARCHBISHOP GENNADY

The rector of the most honorable and great, holy catholic and apostolic church of Sophia, the wisdom of God, Mr. His Grace Archbishop of Great Novgorod and Pskov, Vladyka Gennady, the servant of your Holiness Mitya the Small beats with his forehead. With your most holy blessing and through your prayers, I reached the great city of Rome in full health, and by your most holy command I could hardly find the legend of the white klobuk in the Roman annals, because, fearing disgrace, they hide it very much there.

FROM THE ROMAN HISTORY A BRIEF MESSAGE ABOUT THE AMAZING REGULATIONS OF THE ROYAL, ABOUT THE RIGHT OF THE CERTIFICATE. From part of the life of the noble king Konstantin Roman about the creation of the Holy White Clobuk, and also from where and how it was first perceived by the archbishops of Veliky Novgorod, that they wore it on their heads, unlike other hierarchs, there is a certain news of all this, there is a certain news of this.

When he was baptized in the name of the Holy Trinity, a sudden brilliance of some infinite light shone from heaven and a voice resounded like ringing copper, and the good-natured and great Tsar Constantine emerged from the water completely healthy, and the scabs fell off his body like scales, and all he cleared.

So, by the grace of God, King Constantine recovered and in holy baptism was named Flavian; Filled with great joy, he gave great glory to Christ the God and Saint Selyvestre and did not recognize him as a man, but honored him as if he were a god, and called him his father and declared him pope.

And when he slept on his bed at night, the holy apostles Peter and Paul appeared to him in a dream in infinite radiance and said: “Sir, rejoice in your recovery and the fact that you were vouchsafed holy baptism from Bishop Sylvester, having believed in our Lord Jesus Christ, crucified Jews and rose again on the third day, and everything that the holy bishop taught you. But the bishop did not take the crown of your kingdom and did not want to wear it on his head, for he is a monk: and he refused to wear gold jewelry. But you, if you want to honor the saint above all others, make him a headdress to wear, the color of the whitest, and the appearance - like that of priests or monks. And they showed him what they had in their hands, a white dress worthy of the head of a saint.

In the thirteenth year of his reign, the faithful Tsar Constantine made a great decision and said: "Where priestly power and the head of Christian piety is established by a heavenly king, it is not fitting for an earthly king to have power." And, having set forth in the law, as it should be, he transferred the power and, having accepted the blessing from the pope, great Rome entrusted his power; he himself went over to Byzantium, and built a great and glorious city, and named it after his own name Constantinograd, and lived here.

And after the death of the most holy Pope Sylvester, all Orthodox popes and bishops rendered great honors to the holy white klobuk, as bequeathed by blessed Sylvester. And so many years passed.

And in Constantinograd was then Patriarch Philotheus, glorified by fasting and every virtue. It was to him that in a night vision a bright young man appeared and said: “The holy teacher, in ancient times the Roman Tsar Constantine, after the appearance of the holy apostles and admonished by God, to the praise of the holy and apostolic church and to the glory of the blessed Pope Sylvester, he made a white hood on his head So now, the criminal pope of Rome now wanted to destroy that holy hood, having abused it. By a sign of my frightening appearance, that evil pope now sends this hood to you. And when messengers with that hood come to you, you accept it with honor and having attached the letter of blessing, send that holy klobuk to the Russian land in Veliky Novgorod, and let there Archbishop Basil wear it on his head to the glory of the holy catholic and apostolic church of Sophia, the wisdom of God, and to the praise of the Orthodox. the Orthodox faith of Christ. And for this pope, for his shamelessness, the Lord will bring swift vengeance."

And in this now reigning city of Constantine, after some time, Muslims will begin to dominate for the multiplication of human sins, and they will desecrate and destroy all the shrines, as was also predicted when the city was created. For Ancient Rome fell away from the Christian faith due to pride and self-will, but in the new Rome - in Constantinograd, by the oppression of the Muslim Christian faith will also die. And only in the third Rome, that is, on the Russian land, the grace of the holy spirit will shine. So know, Philotheus, that all Christian kingdoms will come to their end and converge in a single Russian kingdom for the benefit of all Orthodoxy. For in ancient times, by order of the earthly king Constantine, from this reigning city, the royal crown was given to the Russian Tsar. This white hood, by the will of the heavenly King Christ, will now be given to the Archbishop of Veliky Novgorod. And how much more worthy this crown is, because at the same time it is both a royal crown of the Archangel degree and a spiritual one.

And, having sealed it with his seals, and also describing everything at the command of the holy angel and the blessed pope Selyvestre, he commanded Archbishop Vasily and all subsequent archbishops of Veliky Novgorod to wear this white klobuk at the head.

By such an action and grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and with the blessing of His Holiness Philotheus, Patriarch of Constantinople, a white hood was established on the heads of the holy archbishops of Veliky Novgorod.

And for a long time afterwards, people from many cities and kingdoms came to Veliky Novgorod and, as if looking at a marvelous miracle, seeing the archbishop in a white hood, were amazed again, and told in all countries and kingdoms. And it's all written about the holy white hood up to this point.

THE MARK OF ARCHBISHOP GENNADY

And, having studied all this description to the subtlety, Archbishop Gennady rejoiced terribly with great joy that "I was honored during my archbishopric, during the bishopric in Veliky Novgorod, to receive this information about the holy white klobuk, about where it was created and how it got into Veliky Novgorod; everything else about the same white klobuk I found little by little in the Novgorod Sophia in books. And all this multi-colored multitude, as if various flowers in an open field, having gathered together in my description and having clarified the essence of the matter completely, I handed over to the cathedral church for information to the Orthodox Dmitry the interpreter spent two long years in Rome and Florence in his inevitable search, and when he returned from there, I, the humble Archbishop Gennady, thanked him with an estate, as well as with clothes and food, I gave him.

Reading time: ~6 min.

The “Tale” is immediately preceded by a message from Dmitry from Rome to Archbishop Gennady, in which he reports that the Greek original of the story about the white hood has not been preserved and he could hardly find only a Latin translation of this work. Dmitry also attaches his own translation of this monument into Russian to the message.

The "Tale" begins with the story of the white hood. The Roman emperor Constantine, the successor of the persecutor of Christians Maxentius, orders to ease the persecution of Christians. But the sorcerer of Zambia slanders Constantine against the priest Sylvester, who baptized a certain "king's husband".

In the seventh year of his reign, Constantine falls ill with leprosy, which no one can cure. One of the healers advises the king to bathe in the blood of three thousand newborn baby boys. When the children have been gathered, the king goes to the Capitol to bathe there. Hearing the groans of his mothers, Konstantin abandons his decision, preferring to die himself.

At night, the apostles Peter and Paul appear to Constantine in a vision and tell him to call Sylvester to him, who can show the "bath of salvation." Having bathed in this font, Konstantin must recover. But it won't be just healing, but inheritance eternal life. For this, Constantine should give Sylvester a gift and allow the Orthodox Church to be renewed throughout the world. This is indeed what happens.

After healing, Constantine gives Sylvester honor and respect and calls him dad. Constantine offers Sylvester a royal crown, but the apostles who appear again give the king a white klobuk in order to crown Sylvester. Having received a golden dish from Constantine, on which lay the royal crown, Sylvester puts a white hood on it and orders to put it in a “deliberate place”, putting it on only on the master's holidays. Sylvester bequeathed the same to his successors. In the thirteenth year of his reign, Constantine decides that in a place where there is spiritual power, it is indecent to have secular power. Therefore, he leaves Sylvester in Rome, and he himself founds Constantinople and moves there.

Since that time, the sacred veneration of the white klobuk has been established. But after some time, some king Karul and Pope Formosa, taught by the devil, depart from the Christian teaching and reject the teachings of the Church Fathers. The Pope wants to burn the white hood in the middle of Rome, but he himself was afraid to do it. He decides to send the klobuk to distant countries and there to betray it to reproach to intimidate the rest of the Christians. A messenger, Indrik, is sent with the hood.

During the journey on the ship, Indrik somehow almost sits on the hood, but at that moment darkness sets in. God's power throws him over the side of the ship, and he falls relaxed and dies. Among the messengers is a certain Jeremiah, who secretly professed the Christian faith. He has a vision to save the hood. During the storm, which again miraculously arose, Jeremiah takes the hood in his hands and prays. The storm subsides, and Jeremiah returns safely to Rome and tells the Pope about everything. Despite the fact that dad is in great fear, he does not leave his thoughts to destroy or give away the white hood for desecration. In a vision, an angel with a fiery sword appears to him at night and tells him to send the klobuk to Constantinople. Not daring to disobey, Pope Formosus sends an embassy to Byzantium.

In Constantinople, the virtuous patriarch Philotheus receives a white klobuk, who also learns in a vision what he should do with the shrine. The Apostles Peter and Paul command that the symbol of spiritual authority be sent to Novgorod to Archbishop Vasily to be venerated at the church of Hagia Sophia. In Constantinople, the klobuk is met with honors, and another miracle is performed here: touching the klobuk cures the then emperor Ivan Kantakouzin from an eye disease.

Pope Formosa, meanwhile, regrets that he gave the hood, and writes a letter to the patriarch. The patriarch refuses to return the shrine and exhorts the pope, seeking to return him to the true path. Realizing that the white hood is in great honor in Byzantium, the pope falls ill from anger and his unbelief. It changes in the face, ulcers spread throughout the body, a “great stench” emanates from it, the spine ceases to hold the body. Dad loses his tongue - barks like a dog and a wolf, and then his mind - eats his feces. So he dies, cursed by the honest inhabitants of Rome.

Patriarch Philotheus, despite his virtues, also nearly makes a mistake. He wants to keep the hood to himself. Two unfamiliar men appear to him in a vision and explain why it was predestined to send the shrine to Novgorod: grace has left Rome. After some time, the Agarians will own Constantinople "for the multiplication of human sins", and only in Rus' did the grace of the Holy Spirit shine. Patriarch Philotheus listens to the words of the husbands and asks who they are. It turns out that Pope Sylvester and Tsar Constantine appeared to him in a vision. Of course, an embassy with a white hood immediately leaves for Rus'.

At this time, in Novgorod, Archbishop Vasily also receives a vision about receiving a white klobuk. The “Tale” ends with a description of universal joy when Archbishop Vasily receives a reliquary with a hood: “And people from many cities and countries came to look at the wondrous miracle - Archbishop Basil in a white hood, and in all countries and kingdoms they were surprised when they told about it ". Retold by E. B. Rogachevskaya

Source: All the masterpieces of world literature in brief. Plots and characters. Russian folklore. Russian literature of the XI−XVII centuries / Ed. and comp. V. I. Novikov. - M. : Olimp: ACT, 1998. - 608 p.

A. Nikitin

Sailing over three seas

Reading time: ~8 min.

In 1458, presumably the merchant Afanasy Nikitin set off from his native Tver to the Shirvan land (on the territory of present-day Azerbaijan). He has with him travel letters from the Grand Duke of Tver Mikhail Borisovich and from the Archbishop of Tver Gennady. There are also merchants with him - in total they go on two ships. They move along the Volga, past the Klyazma Monastery, pass Uglich and reach Kostroma, which was in the possession of Ivan III. His viceroy lets Athanasius go further.

Vasily Panin, the Grand Duke's ambassador to Shirvan, whom Athanasius wanted to join, had already passed down the Volga. Nikitin has been waiting for two weeks for Hasan-bek, the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvanshah. He rides with gyrfalcons "from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety gyrfalcons." Together with the ambassador, they move on.

On the way, Athanasius makes notes about his journey beyond the three seas: “the first sea is Derbent (Caspian), Daria Khvalisskaya; the second sea is Indian, Darya Gundustanskaya; the third Black Sea, Daria Istanbulskaya ”(Daria in Persian - sea).

Kazan passed without obstacles. Ordu, Uslan, Saray and Berenzan passed safely. The merchants are warned that the Tatars are waiting for the caravan. Hasan-bek gives gifts to informants so that they can guide them through a safe path. Wrong gifts were taken, but the news of their approach was given. The Tatars overtook them in Bogun (on the shallows at the mouth of the Volga). There were casualties on both sides in the shootout. The smaller ship, on which Athanasius' luggage was also, was plundered. A large ship reached the sea and ran aground. And he, too, was plundered and four Russians were taken prisoner. The rest were released "headless into the sea." And they went crying... When the travelers went ashore, and then they were taken prisoner.

In Derbent, Athanasius asks for help from Vasily Panin, who safely reached the Caspian Sea, and Hasan-bek, so that they intercede for the people captured and return the goods. After much trouble, people are released, but nothing else is returned. It was believed that what came from the sea is the property of the owner of the coast. And they parted ways.

Others remained in Shamakhi, others went to work in Baku. Athanasius, on his own, goes to Derbent, then to Baku, “where the fire burns unquenchable,” from Baku across the sea to Chapakur. Here he lives for half a year, a month in Sari, a month in Amal, about Ray, he says that the descendants of Muhammad were killed here, from whose curse seventy cities were destroyed. He lives in Kashan for a month, a month in Ezda, where "livestock is fed with dates." He does not name many cities, because "there are many more large cities." By sea he gets to Hormuz on the island, where “the sea steps on it every day twice” (for the first time he sees the ebb and flow), and the heat of the sun can burn a person. A month later, “after Easter on the day of the Rainbow,” he sets off on a tava (an Indian ship without an upper deck) “with horses across the Indian Sea.” They reach Kombey, “where paint and varnish are born” (the main export products, except for spices and fabrics), and then go to Chaul.

Athanasius has a keen interest in everything related to trade. He studies the state of the market and is annoyed that they lied to him: "they said that there is a lot of our goods, but there is nothing for our land: all the goods are white for the Besermen land, pepper, and paint." Athanasius brought a stallion "to the Indian land", for which he paid a hundred rubles. In Junnar, the khan takes away the stallion from Athanasius, having learned that the merchant is not a Muslim, but a Rusyn. Khan promises to return the stallion and give a thousand gold coins in addition if Athanasius converts to the Muslim faith. And he appointed a deadline: four days for the Day of the Savior, for the Dormition Fast. But on the eve of Spasov Day, the treasurer Mukhamed, a Khorasanian, arrived (his identity has not yet been established). He stood up for the Russian merchant. The stallion was returned to Nikitin. Nikitin believes that "the Lord's miracle happened on Spasov Day", "The Lord God took pity ... did not leave me, a sinner, with his mercy."

In Bidar, he is again interested in goods - “horses, damask (fabric), silk and any other goods and black slaves are sold at the market, but there is no other goods here. The goods are all from Gundustan, and only vegetables are edible, and there is no goods here for the Russian land ”...

Nikitin vividly describes the manners and customs of the peoples living in India.

"And here is the Indian country, and simple people they walk naked, but their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, and everyone walks around with their belly, and children are born every year, and they have many children. From common people men and women are all naked and all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me - they marvel at the white man.

Everything is accessible to the curiosity of the Russian traveler: and Agriculture, and the state of the army, and the method of warfare: “The battle is being fought more and more on elephants, themselves in armor and horses. Big forged swords are tied to the elephants' heads and tusks... yes, they dress the elephants in damask armor, and turrets are made on the elephants, and in those turrets there are twelve people in armor, and all with cannons, but with arrows.

Athanasius is especially interested in questions of faith. He conspires with the Hindus to go to Par-wat - "that is their Jerusalem, the same as Mecca for the besermen." He marvels that there are seventy-four faiths in India, “and people of different faiths do not drink, eat, marry…” with each other.

Athanasius grieves that he has lost his Russian church calendar, holy books disappeared during the looting of the ship. “I do not observe Christian holidays - neither Easter nor the Nativity of Christ, I do not fast on Wednesdays and Fridays. And living among the non-believers, I pray to God that he save me…”

He reads the starry sky to determine the day of Easter. On the "fifth Easter" Athanasius decides to return to Rus'.

And again he writes down what he saw with his own eyes, as well as information about various ports and trades from Egypt to the Far East, received from knowledgeable people. He notes where “silk will be born”, where “diamonds will be born”, warns future travelers where and what difficulties await them, describes wars between neighboring peoples…

Wandering around the cities for another six months, Athanasius gets to the port - the city of Dabhol. For two gold coins, he goes to Hormuz by ship through Ethiopia. Managed to get along with the Ethiopians, and the ship was not robbed.

From Ormuz, Athanasius goes by dry land to the Black Sea and gets to Trabzon. On the ship, he agrees to go to Kafa (Crimea) for gold. Mistaking him for a spy, he is robbed by the head of the city's security. Autumn, bad weather and winds make it difficult to cross the sea. “We crossed the sea, but the wind brought us to Balaklava itself. And from there we went to Gurzuf, and we stood here for five days. By the grace of God I came to Kafa nine days before Philippov's fast. God is the creator! By the grace of God I have crossed three seas. The rest God knows, God the patron knows. Amen!" Retold by A. N. Kuzin

The emergence of the story, the last events of which date back to the time of Vasily's archbishopric in Novgorod (1330-1352), apparently dates back to the end of the 15th century. In the second quarter i 16th century it was reworked and then reworked many more times, reaching us in more than 250 lists of the 16th-19th centuries. The author of the first revision, perhaps, was the translator, (interpreter) Dmitry Gerasimov, an active employee of the Novgorod Archbishop Gennady in collecting and translating biblical books, who traveled to Rome on embassy business and on the case of compiling Paschalia.

The story is preceded by a preface in the form of a letter from Dmitry to Archbishop Gennady, informing that Dmitry safely reached Rome, where he was instructed to find the scripture about the white klobuk. This scripture, according to him, not worthy, however, of trust, he obtained with great difficulty, since in Rome it was carefully concealed "for the sake of shame." The book keeper of the Roman church, Jacob, feeling affection for Dmitry and condescending to his pleas, informed him that the Greek original of the story of the white hood, brought by the pious Greeks to Rome after the fall of Constantinople, was destroyed by the rulers of Rome, and is kept: only the Roman translation of it is secretly . Dmitry, as he says, begged for this translation from a Roman book keeper and, in a Russian transcription, reports it to Gennady.

The story itself begins with the legendary story that the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (4th century), who persecuted Christians and the Roman bishop Sylvester, himself becomes a Christian after Sylvester, having baptized Constantine, miraculously heals him of leprosy. In gratitude for this, Constantine wants to place a royal crown on Sylvester's head, but the pope humbly refuses it, and after that, at the direction of those who appeared? Constantine in the vision of Peter and Paul, the king solemnly in the temple. puts a white hood on Sylvester's head. Having asked the king for a golden dish on which the royal crown is placed, Sylvester put on the dish a white hood, which he kept in the church “in a deliberate place”, and put it on only on major holidays. He bequeathed the same to his successors after his death. In the thirteenth year of his reign, Constantine decided that where the “priestly power” was established, it was indecent to be the power of an earthly king, and, having transferred Rome to Pope Sylvester, he moved to Byzantium, where he founded “Constantingrad”.

After the death of Pope Sylvester, all Orthodox popes and bishops gave great honor to the klobuk, as Sylvester commanded. And so a lot of time passed. But the adversary of the human race, "the adversary of the devil," erected a certain king, by the name of Karul, and Pope Formosus, and taught them "to deceive the Christian race with their false words and teachings," and they retreated from Orthodox faith and broke off the “union of the piety of the holy apostolic churches” (we are talking about the division of churches, to which, however, Pope Formosus had nothing to do). Both of them did not like the white klobuk and did not honor him. The hood was hidden in the church aisle, then the new pope wanted to burn it, but God did not allow this, and it was decided to send the hood to distant overseas countries in order to abuse it and exterminate it. But the klobuk was miraculously saved by one pious man and again returned to Rome, where, however, he was still not honored. According to the "command of God", transmitted to the pope through an angel who appeared to him in a dream, the klobuk was sent to Patriarch Philotheus in Constantinople.

At that time, a bright young man appeared in a night vision to Philotheus, who, having told the patriarch the history of the hood, ordered, upon arrival in Constantinople, to send it to the Russian land, to Novgorod, to be worn by the local Archbishop Vasily: “tamo bo (i.e., in Novgorod) now truly glorious is the faith of Christ. The patriarch met the hood with great honor and laid it on a solemn place in the church of St. Sophia until the time when, on the advice of the king, it is decided how to deal with him further.

The Pope of Rome, letting go of the hood, repented of this and demanded his return, but the patriarch, with a curse and reproaches to the pope, refused him this. After reading Filofey's reply message and learning that the patriarch accepted the ball with honor and wanted to send it to Novgorod, the pope became furious and fell into an illness: he did not like the Russian land so much because it kept the faith of Christ. Serious and disgusting illnesses befell him, and a great stench began to come from him. He got to the point where he howled like a dog and a wolf and ate his own filth. And so he ended his life.

Meanwhile, the patriarch made attempts to keep the klobuk in Constantinople, thinking of wearing it on his head. But in a vision, two bright unknown men appeared to him, who turned out to be Pope Sylvester and Tsar Constantine, and forbade him to think about holding a klobuk, for< через некоторое время Константинополем овладеют - за умножение грехов человеческих - агаряне (мусуль­мане) и осквернят все святыни, как предсказано было при самом основании города (имеется, очевидно, в виду вступление к повести Нестора-Искандера о взятии Царьграда). «Ветхий бо Рим,- го­ворит Сильвестр,- отпаде славы и от веры христовы гордостию и своею волею; в новом же Риме, еже есть в Коньстянтинеграде, насилием агарянским такоже християнская вера погибнет; на тре-тием же Риме, еже есть на Русской земли, благодать святаго духа воссия». «И да веси, Филофие,- продолжает Сильвестр,- яко вся християньская приидут в конец и снидутся во едино царство Рус-кое, православия ради. В древняя бо лета, изволением земнаго ца­ря Констянтина, от царствующаго сего града царьский венец дан бысть рускому царю; белый же сей клобук изволением небеснаго царя Христа ныне дан будет архиепископу Великаго Новаграда, и колми сий (т. е. клобук) честнее онаго (т. е. царского венца), по­неже архангельскаго чина есть царский венец и духовнаго суть». Сильвестр велит Филофею незамедлительно отправить клобук в Новгород. Как отнята была благодать от Рима, так отнимется она и от Константинополя, «и вся святая предана будет от бога вели-цей Рустей земли во времена своя, и царя рускаго возвеличит гос­подь над многими языки, и подо властию их мнози царей будут от иноязычных, под властию их и патриаршеский чин от царствую-щаго сего града такожде дан будет Рустей земли во времена своя, и страна наречется светлая Росия...»

Waking up in horror, Philotheus wept a lot, remembering what he had heard about the white klobuk and the future fate of Constantinople, and the next morning, after the liturgy, he honorably sent the klobuk to Archbishop Basil with many gifts and with "baptized" robes. Basil at that time, having dozed off, saw in a dream an angel with a white hood on his head. The angel explained to him the origin of the hood, which from now on he and the subsequent Novgorod archbishops would wear, and ordered in the morning to go towards the hood. Basil solemnly, with the whole church council and a multitude of people, met the Greek bishop, who brought the klobuk to Novgorod. And since then, a white hood has been established on the heads of the Novgorod archbishops. Then people from many cities and kingdoms began to come to Novgorod, marveled, as if at a miracle, seeing the local archbishop walking in a white klobuk, and they told about it in all kingdoms and countries.

The story about the white hood, which substantiates the idea of ​​the continuity of spiritual power by the fact of the continuity of the material symbols of this power, proceeded from the same tendentious premises as the stories about Babylon and The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir, written on the theme of the continuity of secular power.

Our story took a clear compromise position. At the time when Novgorod was conquered by Moscow, it was already too late for him to claim the Byzantine political inheritance: he cedes this inheritance to the “Russian Tsar”, that is, the prince of Moscow, but, as we see, Novgorod reserves the right to church succession. And what is very indicative for understanding this hidden compromise is, as it were, a slip of the tongue about how white the klobuk, “the royal crown of the Archangel rank”, is “more honest” than the royal crown in its literal sense. With this reservation, the story not only consolidated the indisputable authority of the Novgorod church, but also affirmed the superiority of the "priesthood" over the "kingdom" - a trend put forward in all its sharpness more than a hundred and fifty years later by Patriarch Nikon in his fight that ended in defeat with Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. And it is not without reason that the Moscow Cathedral of 1666-1667, which deposed Nikon, defined the story of the white klobuk as writing “falsely and wrongly”, and about its author, Dmitry the Tolmach, he responded as a man, “a hedgehog from the wind of his head.” The negative opinion of the cathedral about the story was also due to the fact that it gained great popularity among the Old Believers, as it undermined the authority of the Greek church, supported by the Nikonians.

Our story, besides Novgorod legend about a white klobuk, also used translated life of Constantine and his forged charter (the so-called "Gift of Constantine" - "Donatio Constantini"), fabricated, apparently, in the VIII century. in the interests of the papacy in its struggle with secular power for its privileges. The exposure of the false document was started by Italian humanists in the 15th century, but Catholic theologians finally stopped defending its authenticity only in XIX century. The Russian story, for all that, is distinguished by its sharp anti-Catholic and anti-papal orientation, which was a natural reaction to the Union of Florence.

At the beginning of the XVI century. in Novgorod, under Archbishop Serapion, a legend arose about the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, similar in its ideological meaning to the story of the white hood. The story is dated to 1383, 70 years before the fall of Constantinople. At this time, within the boundaries of Novgorod, on Lake Ladoga, the legend says, an icon of the Mother of God appeared, "by God's good pleasure" left Tsargrad, so that the Agarians would not take it. The fishermen, who were fishing in the lake, saw how the icon was moving through the air above the abyss of water, and then it flew away and appeared several times not far from Tikhvin. At the places where the icon appeared, the inhabitants built chapels and churches in honor of the Virgin. Finally, the icon stopped at Tikhvin, where it was solemnly greeted by the clergy and people, and where after that a church was built in the name of the Assumption. Soon after, the Mother of God herself, in a miraculous vision, appeared to a certain God-fearing husband, ordering at the same time to put on the church in her honor not an iron cross, as was supposed to be done, but a wooden one. Under Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich, a stone church was built in honor of the Mother of God, consecrated by Archbishop Serapion in 1515, and at the same time the Tikhvin Monastery was founded.

Later, the Tikhvin icon was identified with the icon of the “Roman Mother of God”, which, according to legend, was painted by order of Patriarch Herman and released to Rome during the iconoclasm. After 150 years, she returned to Byzantium, and then moved to Novgorod. Thus, the Tikhvin icon, like the white klobuk, is associated not only with Byzantium, but also with Rome."

By the end of the 15th or the beginning of the 16th century. also applies to the hagiographic design of the Novgorod legend about the arrival in the XII century. to Novgorod from Rome of St. Anthony there. The life of Anthony says that he was born in Rome from a "Christian parent" and was raised in the Christian faith, which his parents held secretly, because Rome fell away from the Christian faith and fell into the "blasphemous" Latin heresy. Upon the death of his parents, Anthony distributed part of their wealth to the poor, and put the rest, together with precious church vessels, into a barrel, which he threw into the sea, and went into the distant desert, hiding from heretics in caves and earthly clefts. In the desert, he found monks "living and working for God's sake", and stayed there for twenty years in unceasing prayer and fasting. Then, at the instigation of the devil, the princes and popes began to pursue the monks who lived in the desert, who, fleeing from persecution, fled. Anthony went to the seashore and there he continued his asceticism, staying all the time on one stone. Once, when he stood on a stone, rose great excitement, and the stone, like a ship, sailed across the sea and fell into the Neva River, then into Lake Ladoga, from the lake sailed up the Volkhov and stopped at the village of Volkhovsk. Having learned the Russian language, Anthony continued to live on a stone, still day and night in prayer. Then, at the insistence of the bishop, he built a church in honor of the Nativity of the Virgin on the spot where the stone landed.

A year after Antony's arrival in Novgorod, the fishermen who were fishing near Antony's stone, along with the fish, caught the same barrel that Antony once threw into the sea, and wanted to appropriate it, but by a court verdict, the barrel was given to Anthony. A richly decorated stone church and monastery were built on the gold and silver that were in the barrel, and Anthony, who had been in this rank for sixty years, became abbot until his death."

Study of the literary tradition in Novgorod in the 15th and early 16th centuries. testifies to the fact that for a long time, back in the 11th century, the literary culture that was found there in the future not only did not weaken, but by the time of the political fall of Novgorod, it grew more and more. This culture, which developed in parallel with the general culture of the city, was also expressed in the significant development of the bygone epic, which reflected the turbulent political reality of Novgorod, its way of life, trading practices, etc.

Book Novgorod literature especially warmly responded to those events that in one way or another were connected with the political fate of the once free city, which was gradually losing its independence. “There are few epochs in our history that would be surrounded by such a swarm of poetic tales as the fall of Novgorod liberty,” wrote Klyuchevsky. his voice fell silent, at St. Sophia and other local shrines, evoking ancient traditions from them” 2 .

Tver, which competed with Moscow in the XIV and XV centuries. for political primacy, created a number of literary monuments, partially reflecting the political self-consciousness of the tops of Tver society. First of all, it should be noted a rather intensive development in Tver since the end of the 13th century. chronicle case, which led to the formation already at the beginning of the 15th century. of the all-Tver chronicle code 3 . In 1406, as mentioned above, the so-called "Arsenievskaya" edition of the Kiev-Pechersk Patericon appeared within Tver. In the XV century. reworked in a new rhetorically-florid manner, written at the beginning of the XIV century. the story of the murder in the Horde of the Grand Duke of Tver Mikhail Yaroslavich 4 . In the same 15th century, under Prince Boris Alexandrovich, the life of the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich of Tver (died in 1399) 1 took shape. The second work is especially interesting. Establishing the genealogy of Mikhail Alexandrovich and leading his genealogy from the Kiev prince St. Vladimir, as it will be done later with respect to other princes of the Power Book, the author of the life seeks to honor Mikhail Alexandrovich, “yes, everyone will know from which such a bosad branch grow up." Both works were written by Tver patriots and aim to glorify the princes who defended the independence of the Tver principality.

THE STORY ABOUT THE NOVGOROD WHITE KLOBUK

MESSAGE FROM DMITRY THE GREK TOLMACH TO THE NOVGOROD ARCHBISHOP GENNADY

The rector of the most honorable and great, holy catholic and apostolic church of Sophia, the wisdom of God, Mr. His Grace Archbishop of Great Novgorod and Pskov, Vladyka Gennady, the servant of your Holiness Mitya the Small beats with his forehead. With your most holy blessing and through your prayers, I reached the great city of Rome in full health, and by your most holy command I could hardly find the legend of the white klobuk in the Roman annals, because, fearing disgrace, they hide it very much there. And now I will tell you how I found the legend about this.
First of all, I flattered myself to the book keeper of the Roman church by the name of Jacob and gave him many gifts. The bookkeeper, seeing my kind attitude, showed me great hospitality with many refreshments and drinks. And often I came to him and dined with him in his house. And when one day I came to him, according to custom, to have dinner, he met me with pleasure and, taking me by the hand, led me into his house. And then I dined with him, praising our Greek faith to him, and also spoke to him about Russian land, about faith and prosperity, and about miracle workers who shone in the Russian land with numerous prophecies and miracles. And then he told him a very surprising story about that white klobuk that you, the saint of great Novgorod, wear on your head. And the book keeper, as soon as he heard all this from me, sighed bitterly and said: “From the oldest and most reliable husbands, we once had the same story about this, as if this honest white hood, which you are talking about, was created in this the great city of Rome by Tsar Constantine, and as a token of honor to the Pope of Rome, Selyvestra was given to be worn on the head. But for many of our sins committed in Rome, this hood was sent to Constantinople to the patriarch. The patriarch sent him to the Russian land in great Novgorod. "
I asked, "Is it all written down?" He answered: "There is a new exposition, but there is no ancient one." And I began to question him in detail, but cautiously, so that he would tell me the whole truth, known about this white hood. And that bookkeeper, having suppered with me for a long time with great pleasure, saw how important everything that I asked for was important to me, and told me this story.
“Many of us,” he began, “various heard stories about this in the city, but some say one thing, and others say another, but no one knew the truth, because out of envy of the Orthodox, the former rulers of the city destroyed everything written about this. However, many years later, after the Turks took possession of the reigning city, some pious men from Constantinople took a lot of Greek books, wanting to save the Greek faith from the godless Turks, and went to Rome by sea. for some time they wanted to get acquainted with the writings of Eastern teachers, but earlier the Greek kings did not allow them to do this because of their apostasy from Orthodoxy. Latin language after translating, the Greek books themselves were burned in the fire. And about the white hood, about which you ask, also the story from the Greek books was rewritten into Latin books, because before that, because of the shame in the Latin books, there was no legend about the white hood. And now they hide it very much."
But when I heard all this from the bookkeeper, I was even more inflamed with the desire to read it, and with an ardent request fell on his knees to give me notes about it. And with great prayers he barely begged him, and secretly rewrote everything for sure, and also the Eight-Part Book, and the Peaceful Circle. And I sent all this to you with a Moscow merchant with Foma and Sarev. Stay, sir, being saved and healthy in Christ, and do not forget us in your holy prayers, as before.

FROM ROMAN HISTORY A SHORT REPORT
ABOUT THE AMAZING REGULATIONS OF THE ROYAL, ABOUT THE RIGHT OF THE SVYATITELSKY. From part of the life of the noble king Konstantin Roman about the creation of the Holy White Clobuk, and also from where and how it was first perceived by the archbishops of Veliky Novgorod, that they wore it on their heads, unlike other hierarchs, there is a certain news of all this, there is a certain news of this.

After the death of the impious king Maxentius, the persecution of Christians ceased, and complete calm ensued. The people who lived near Rome, although they were obsessed with unbelief, celebrated this great event in their city with merriment and joy, accepted the great and glorious Constantine into the kingdom with praises, calling him a savior and benefactor. And himself ready for the good, Tsar Constantine accepted the scepter of the Roman kingdom, and by his command everything was as it should be in both secular and ecclesiastical authorities. And those who remained in the Christian faith, he commanded to live without persecution, and the Christians, seeing this beneficence, all the more rejoiced and, having fun, celebrated the victory, constantly glorifying the almighty God and Tsar Constantine also insanely magnifying. The Orthodox faith of our Lord Jesus Christ in Rome was then preserved and strengthened by the blessed Sylvester, the Christian bishop; he was then with a small number of associates and in harassment and taught his followers to believe in our Lord Jesus Christ, but he did it secretly, and not openly - for fear of persecution from the faiths of the Jews and pagans, because Tsar Constantine himself then adhered to the pagan faith: worshiped idols.
In the third year of his reign, blessed Sylvester, Pope of Rome, baptized one of the king's associates, named Isumfer, and successfully instructed him to believe in our Lord Jesus Christ. And there was a certain Zambria in Rome, a Jew and a sorcerer, beloved by all, with whom later blessed Sylvester performed a great miracle, which, however, we will say elsewhere. And this Zambria could not see the Christian faith and gathered, calling, pagans and Jews. They all came to the king and said: “Lord, all-powerful king! The city of this Christian Bishop Sylvester, reviling us and reproaching us with obscene speech, meanwhile successfully preaches about some kind of crucified, and vilifies our glorious and great gods and declares them unworthy of veneration. Isumfer the nobleman with his speeches deceived and persuaded him to believe in the crucified. And by this he brought us bewilderment and great sadness. And in the meantime he expounds the same to your majesty, wanting to deceive you with faith in the crucified, as it happened already with Isumfer. , we cannot even hear about this villain and we implore you, great king, just command us, and we will destroy him. The king, having learned this, was terribly angry with the bishop because of Isumfer and wanted to seize him and lock him in prison, and disperse the other Christians. And Sylvester, having only heard of the royal wrath, was frightened and fled and hid on some mountain, so that God would save him for useful deeds. And he remained in hiding for a long time.
But the Creator of all creation, our Lord Jesus Christ, did not by force incline the human race to salvation, but at will, and as he always brings into the mind by action, so he wished to glorify the saint here too. And so, in the seventh year of his reign, the king fell into elephant leprosy, covered with ulcers all over his body, and lay in scabs, barely breathing. And many sorcerers and sorcerers came not only from the Romans, but even the Persians, but did not succeed in anything. And then they decided on a terrible thing and the wicked ones almost inspired the king to do this, saying: “It is necessary to put a font in the Roman Capitol and fill it with pure blood of newly born baby boys and wash yourself with this hot blood, then you will recover; the bodies of these babies give as a sacrifice to the gods. The king ordered this to be done as soon as possible, and three thousand baby boys were brought from all over the Roman region. And on the appointed day, when the king went with those sorcerers to the Capitol to bathe in infant blood, as soon as the priests were ready to slaughter the children, terrible groans and incessant cries were suddenly heard. Hearing them, the king was horrified and stood as if rooted to the spot and saw a multitude of bare-haired women standing and shouting and weeping and groaning with loud voices. And the king asked those who were going with him who these women were and what was the reason for their weeping. And they answered him that on the occasion of the slaughter of these children, it is their mothers who weep. And the king was imbued with pity, and, sighing from the depths of his heart, he began to cry loudly and say: “It is better for me to die for the salvation of these children than to be killed by them.” And, having said this, he returned to his chambers and not only commanded that the children be returned to the mothers, but also, honoring them with gifts, let them go. And those women were united with their children in great joy.
When that day passed and the silence of the night came, the holy apostles Peter and Paul appeared to the king in a dream, saying thus: “Since you did not want to sin and shed the blood of the innocent, we were sent from Christ our God to give you a way to be saved, and through him you will receive health. Hear our order and do what we command you. Since Bishop Sylvester of this city, avoiding your persecution, hides in stone gorges on Mount Sarepta, then, having called him, they commanded him with honor to come to you. It is he who will show you the font of salvation, in which, having washed, you will cleanse all the filth of your scabs, and you will become healthy, and you will be granted eternal life thanks to the life that you gave to undefiled babies. and let in the whole universe Orthodox churches at your command, they will be renewed with sacred beauty, and may the name of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ be glorified in them, and may they be adorned with a service to his glory.
After the appearance of the holy apostles, Tsar Constantine began to look for the bishop, and as soon as they found him, they brought him with honor to the king. And as soon as the bishop entered the chambers, the tsar stood up and kissed the bishop first and said: "Receiving you in health, we rejoice, honest father!" And Sylvester answered: "Peace will be given to you from heaven and victory." And the king told him about the vision: “Some,” he said, “two men came to me in a dream at night, Peter and Paul called themselves and announced to me about you. And now you have come, so do everything for me that you can, with blessing God and cleanse me from this disease. But I will also ask you, holy bishop: who are these gods, named Peter and Paul? If you have their images, then show me and make them visible, then I will definitely understand that they are truly sent they are from God." Sylvester said: "It is wrong to call them gods, for they are the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ, but after him they are worthy of all honor." Father Sylvester ordered his deacon to bring images of the holy apostles, and, seeing them on the icons, the king immediately recognized them, and admitted this before his princes and nobles, and said: “Truly I saw them in a dream, and they said to me: “Send to the bishop Selyvestre - and he will show you the font of salvation!" - and fell at the bishop's feet. The blessed Bishop Selyvestre raised him and, having instructed him according to the divine Scripture, ordered him to fast for seven days, standing in one sackcloth, and ordered to distribute alms, and then, having blessed, announced it catechumen - and went out.
And when they were ready for the service on Sunday, Sylvester said to the king: “This water, sir, which you see, is addressed to the saint and life-giving Trinity took on divine power, and now it will cleanse any body from the outside of all filth, but at the same time the soul will be cleansed of all sin and all filth and become brighter than the sun. So enter into this honest and sacred font and you will be cleansed from all the sins you have created. " Having said all this and much more and blessing the blessed water, as soon as the bishop anointed the king with holy oil, and as soon as he entered the blessed water - oh! great When he was baptized in the name of the Holy Trinity, a sudden brilliance of some infinite light shone from heaven and a voice resounded like ringing copper, and the good-natured and great Tsar Constantine came out of the water completely healthy, and the scabs fell off his body like scales, and he was all cleansed. I will tell you the great beneficence of God: when I was placed by you in the depths of the font, I saw with my eyes a hand from heaven that touched me, and from it I rose clean, immediately feeling myself cleansed from all leprosy. "Blessed Sylvester, having heard this, He covered him with white robes and anointed him seven times with myrrh, saying: “The god of faith marks you with his seal in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.” And the whole assembly answered: “Amen!” The saint: “Peace be with you.”
So, by the grace of God, King Constantine recovered and in holy baptism was named Flavian; Filled with great joy, he gave great glory to Christ the God and Saint Selyvestre and did not recognize him as a man, but honored him as if he were a god, and called him his father and declared him pope. And all the people who were under Roman rule rejoiced not only at the king's recovery, but also for their children, whom they had gathered for slaughter for the sake of the king's health. Their mothers received all of them alive, and then great joy reigned throughout the entire Roman state.

After his healing, Tsar Constantine, at the behest of the holy apostles and on the teachings of the blessed Pope Sylvester, first of all ordered the collection of the remains of the holy martyrs who died at the hands of impious kings for the faith of Christ, and dutifully commanded them to be buried. And he returned all those who were in exile, and freed those sitting in dungeons and prisons, commanded to return the seized estates, to renew the churches of God with all utensils, and ordered the pagan temples to be destroyed and burned with fire, and their property to be transferred to the holy churches. And the word was soon followed by deeds, and everything settled down, as it should be for Christian sovereigns. For Pope Selyvestre, Tsar Constantine presented many gifts for church services, and for the service of the most holy pope, from his royal funds and court ranks, he created a dignity worthy of the occasion, and even wanted to place the royal crown on his head. But the Pope said: “Great Sovereign, it is not fitting for us to wear your royal crown on our heads; even if I am worthy of the episcopal dignity, I am still a simple monk according to my vow. And therefore let us pray to the almighty God, so that in the future life we ​​will receive eternal blessings from him. The king, full of gratitude, was offended by these words about the crown, but the pope said: “Do not be offended, sovereign! Your business is to wear a golden crown and all the beauty of this world; our business is to pray to God for your kingdom and, instead of royal beauty, wear signs of humility and sadness on your body. And we should also offer prayer to God for the whole world - not only for those who believe in our Lord Jesus Christ, but also for unbelievers; for we pray for believers for the sake of salvation, for unbelievers for the sake of baptism, so that they too may receive baptism in Jesus Christ, as the blessed Apostle Paul said.” Hearing all this, the tsar was moved and with great desire invited the saint to dine with him.

And when the pope came to the royal palace, the king himself met him and hugged him. He gave the same great honor to other church ranks, and clerics, and monks. During dinner, the God-loving sovereign personally served dishes to His Holiness the Pope and everyone else, and revered him in every possible way, and, in great joy, being before him, incessantly peered into his face, and relentlessly pondered what kind of robe to come up with that could be worn. on his head instead of a royal crown, and could not think of it. And he fed the other holy monks just as satisfyingly, treating them to all sorts of royal brashnas and pleasing them in everything for the glory of the church. At the end of this gloriousfeast, the holy pope wished to return to himself. The worshiper of piety, the faithful king ordered that a chariot with horses worthy of his majesty and royal dignity be brought, and with infinite reverence he embraced the holy pope, and seated him in a place of honor, and, bowing, let him go in peace. And then he went into his bedchamber to rest.
And when he slept on his bed at night, the holy apostles Peter and Paul appeared to him in a dream in infinite radiance and said: “Sir, rejoice in your recovery and the fact that you were vouchsafed holy baptism from Bishop Sylvester, having believed in our Lord Jesus Christ, crucified Jews and rose again on the third day, and everything that the holy bishop taught you. But the bishop did not take the crown of your kingdom and did not want to wear it on his head, for he is a monk: and he refused to wear gold jewelry. But you, if you want to honor the saint above all others, make him a headdress to wear, the color of the whitest, and the appearance - like that of priests or monks. And they showed him what they had in their hands, a white dress worthy of the head of a saint. The king said to them: "My lords, I will do everything you command; tell me who you are - as soon as you entered, my heart rejoiced and a sweet light shone on me." They answered: "We are two - the apostles Peter and Paul, we were with you before, when you still believed in a false god. Now true god knew, but also God knew about you. Therefore, we were sent a second time by the Savior God Christ to show you the meaning of piety in faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, since you heeded our commands and received eternal life by the hand of the most holy bishop. your holy faces, and I understand that if you had not appeared before me then, I would have succumbed to the spells of the pagans. And if the Lord had not helped me, my soul would soon have fallen into hell, and even without that they almost killed me on earth evil enemies and apostates, servants of demons." And the apostles said: "From now on, do whatever the bishop commands you to do, and you will be saved, and you will become a son of light and a heavenly city." immediately went to the pope in joy and conveyed to him everything that the apostles had said. And the pope thanked God that his work had not gone unnoticed by God. And the king immediately returned to his place.
And prompted by desire, admonished by the holy spirit, in great joy he ordered to gather as soon as possible the best tailors, skilled in embroidering all sorts of clothes, and ordered them to make a white hood instead of the royal crown on the head of the holy pope - at the command of the apostles and according to the model that these holy apostles. And with his own hand he inscribed for them what he had seen in the hands of the holy apostles. So with god help a few days later the craftsmen made a klobuk at the command of the king, and decorated it wonderfully, and brought it to the king. And immediately a great fragrance came from him. The king, seeing him, was amazed at both the creation and its perfection.

And on the solemn day of the feast of God, although it was still very early, Pope Sylvester went to morning service when suddenly on the way a heavenly light shone on him and a voice was heard saying this: “Bishop, listen - Emperor Constantine made you a white robe to wear on your head; but you, having accepted it, put it in the church of God in which you serve, until the ruler of the house will come, to whom this lamp is destined." And immediately after what was said, that light soared to the heavens, and the sky parted and received it. The pope froze in place and was amazed at the vision, and the light shone on his heart and all those walking with him; and they saw this light and heard the voice of God. And after such a light, night fell again, and everyone was horrified. Sylvester marveled at the vision and comprehended the meaning of these words, so that, entering the church, he stood and pondered all the morning service, saying to himself: “Who will enlighten me, what is the meaning of this glorious vision and what will happen?”
And at the appointed hour of the day when the solemn service was performed, after the arrival of the pope to the church, the faithful Tsar Constantine put on royal clothes, and put the royal crown on his head, and went surrounded by many of his courtiers. And he brought this holy hood to the church and with his own hands solemnly placed it on the head of the holy pope, saying: “This is how it is worthy for you to be bright, like the sun among people, oh holy father and teacher!" And the pope made the sign of the cross over the king with his hand, and the king kissed the pope's hand and klobuk, bowed respectfully before him. Selyvester, in that klobuk, descended from his place, and, stepping back a little, bowed reverently in it before the king, and returned At that time in the church there was one of the king's nobles, named Simeon, who stood before the king, holding a golden dish adorned with pearls and precious stones, on which the king used to place the royal crown. And the pope asked the king for that dish and removed the klobuk from his head and put it on a dish. And then, together with all the servants, he reverently kissed him and placed him in the temple in a place of honor, in accordance with the voice that appeared to him in the radiance of the Lord. with reverence and then put him in the same place.He also bequeathed to do after his death.

In the thirteenth year of his reign, the faithful Tsar Constantine made a great decision and said: "Where priestly power and the head of Christian piety is established by a heavenly king, it is not fitting for an earthly king to have power." And, having set forth in the law, as it should be, he transferred the power and, having accepted the blessing from the pope, great Rome entrusted his power; he himself went over to Byzantium, and built a great and glorious city, and named it after his own name Constantinograd, and lived here.
And after the death of the most holy Pope Sylvester, all Orthodox popes and bishops rendered great honors to the holy white klobuk, as bequeathed by blessed Sylvester. And so many years passed.
The enemy of God and the human race, the adversary and enemy of the devil, brought a great war on the holy church. He raised a certain king, named Charles, and Pope Formosus, and taught them how to seduce the Christian race with their false teachings, and ordered them to depart from the Orthodox Christian faith and break the pious unity of the holy apostolic church. So, according to demonic plans, those impious teachers rejected the Orthodox faith of Christ and the testaments of the apostles and holy fathers, and fell into the heresy of Apollinaria, and recognized the unleavened service as correct, and declared the true testaments of Christ, and the holy apostles, and holy fathers, to be false. And the holy apostolic church was defiled with false teachings and services. And they didn’t recognize the holy white hood and didn’t pay honor to him, although it was bequeathed from the beginning, but they took him and put him on the same dish in the far aisle and laid him in the wall, writing on the lid the words in Latin speech like this: “Here is hidden the white hood of Pope Sylvester ". And he stayed there for many years, protected by God.
Time passed, and another pope of the same Latin rite appeared, who did not at all love the Christian faith and the covenants and teachings of the holy apostles, was lifted up with pride and forever abolished the worship of holy icons. And then one day he entered the altar, and saw on the lid of this word about a white hood, and, having read the inscription, wished to see him, and commanded to open the cache. When it was opened, a fragrant smell came out, inexpressible and strong and infinitely wonderful. And papa took the dish with the klobuk and marveled at its perfection. But, instigated by the demon, he hated him, and again laid him in the same aisle, and sealed him tightly. And after that, for many nights and days, that pope often hears a voice in a dream, saying in gospel words like this: “The city cannot hide itself, standing on top of a mountain; they don’t light a lamp, hiding it in a vessel, but put it on a candlestick to shine everyone." And the pope, marveling at that voice, announced it in the assembly of his advisers and scientists. And they realized that the voice was reminiscent of a hood, and then, instigated by the demon, they wanted to burn it in the middle of the city of Rome. When God did not allow them to do this, fear fell on them and they were afraid of the believers. And they came to a different idea: to send the klobuk to distant overseas countries, where they professed the same false teaching, and there to abuse and destroy it to intimidate all other Christians. And therefore, taking that holy hood, they wrapped it in dirty rags, but kept the golden dish with them, and then, having detached rude and arrogant ambassadors, they gave them written orders what they should do, and sent them in ships with merchants who came to Rome to trade.
When they were sailing on the sea, one of the messengers, by the name of Indrik, - a rude man and a pagan in character, - drunk to the point of drunkenness, vomited nasty things with his lips and even wanted to sit on the holy hood. And immediately pitch darkness attacked him and an invisible divine force did not allow him to sit down, and threw him away from that place, and hit the ship's deck, and again threw him up, and hit him on the sides of the ship. And his arms and legs were taken away from him, and his face turned back, his eyes revolved, and he shouted incessantly: "Oh, have mercy on me!" That's how terribly he died, crying: "Oh, have mercy on me!" The rest of his assistants, seeing all this, were horrified and, afraid to keep the dead man on the ship, so as not to suffer from a terrible sea storm, they immediately threw him into the sea, and he drowned.
And among those ambassadors there was another, named Yeremey, who secretly adhered to the Christian faith and gave many alms to the poor, and secretly revered this holy klobuk. As soon as he saw his companion, who had died so terribly, he was seized with fear. And how they sailed on the sea for five more days, in the middle of the night, when the rest were overcome by sleep, a voice was heard saying: "Jeremey, be strong in the Lord God, and honor the shrine with honor, and keep what you wear, and you will be saved in a storm" . And Yeremey, hearing the voice, arose from sleep, and fear seized him, and he wondered what such a speech meant. But then suddenly darkness attacked them, and strong thunders resounded, and many lightnings shone in the sky, and set fire to the ship, and melted the ship's tar, and everything that was in it, both people and goods, were burned and sunk, the ship itself fell apart and all who were in it perished. And only Yeremey escaped on one plank, and, grabbing a rag with a hood, he held it tightly, constantly shouting in a loud voice: “The noble Tsar Constantine and his teacher, the holy Pope Sylvester! For the sake of this sacred hood, created by you, deliver me this hour from the impending I'm in trouble!"
And immediately there was silence, and the light shone, and two men appeared in the radiance of light, from which the air sparkled: they walked on the sea as on dry land. One of them is in military armor with a royal crown on his head, while the other wore hierarchal robes. They took a rope from the wrecked ship, and tied it to the end of the board, and dragged Yeremey to the shore, already visible from the sea. And then they took out the holy hood from the rag, and, having kissed him with great reverence, put it again in the same rag, and returned to Yeremey, saying: “Take it for yourself, Yeremey, and keep diligently what you wear, and tell everyone about what happened, for God saved you only for the sake of this. And they disappeared. Yeremey took that rag with a hood, and, carrying it with him, arrived in Rome three days later, and told the pope everything that was with him.
Dad, hearing this, was horrified by great fear and began to tear and bite his beard. And then he ordered that the hood be put in its original place on the same golden dish and put it in the church. And after that, he did not dare to inflict any harm on the hood, but he did not pay any honors either: he was overshadowed by devilish machinations, he finally fell into heresy along with other apostates. And he constantly pondered what would be so bad to do with that hood.
The philanthropist God forms everything for the benefit and therefore kept his shrine for universal reverence. One night, when dad was sleeping on his bed, the Lord's angel appeared to him in a frightening form, with a flaming sword in his hands. And he issued from his mouth a voice like thunder - and from such a voice the palaces of the pope shook. And the angel said to him: “O evil and worthless teacher! Isn’t it enough for you to desecrate the holy church of Christ, and destroy many Christian souls with your indecent teachings, and deviate from God’s righteous path, choosing the path of Satan? Now you finally want to resist God with your malicious recklessness: you planned to send the white holy hood to unclean places, you wanted to desecrate it and destroy it.But the lord of all creation preserved it with his vigil, but you, useless, now with great honor send this holy hood to Constantinograd to the patriarch, and that "They will tell you how to deal with him further. If you do not do this, then I will burn your house. And I will bring an evil death on you, and I will betray you ahead of time to eternal fire." And having said all this, he disappeared.
And dad jumped up from sleep, shaking all over, possessed by great fear, and did not dare to disobey the behavior of the angel. In the morning he called his supporters and told them the frightening appearance of an angel. When he came to the church, wanting to take that holy hood, he immediately saw a wonderful vision: before he touched the hood, the golden dish, together with the hood, rose above human height and again returned to its place. The pope, with great fear, took them with both his hands and put them together in a proper vessel, and sealed them with his seals, and detached glorious men, and, having handed them his message, sent them to Constantinograd to the patriarch.
And in Constantinograd was then Patriarch Philotheus, glorified by fasting and every virtue. It was to him that in a night vision a bright young man appeared and said: “The holy teacher, in ancient times the Roman Tsar Constantine, after the appearance of the holy apostles and admonished by God, to the praise of the holy and apostolic church and to the glory of the blessed Pope Sylvester, he made a white hood on his head So now, the criminal pope of Rome now wanted to destroy that holy hood, having abused it. By a sign of my frightening appearance, that evil pope now sends this hood to you. And when messengers with that hood come to you, you accept it with honor and having attached the letter of blessing, send that holy klobuk to the Russian land in Veliky Novgorod, and let there Archbishop Basil wear it on his head to the glory of the holy catholic and apostolic church of Sophia, the wisdom of God, and to the praise of the Orthodox. the Orthodox faith of Christ. And for this pope, for his shamelessness, the Lord will bring swift vengeance." And, having said that, he disappeared. The patriarch woke up from his sleep, filled with fear and joy, and remained awake all night, thinking about this vision. And then he ordered to call early for matins, and with the onset of the day he called all his close associates and told them about this vision. And everyone gave praise to God, realizing that a holy angel appeared to the patriarch, but they could not decide anything about what he had said.
And so, when they were sitting in their assembly, joyfully surprised, the servants of the patriarch came and told him that messengers had come from the pope. And the patriarch ordered to bring them to him. The envoys entered, bowed, and gave him letters from the pope. The patriarch, having read what was written, was surprised and, having given praise to God, reported everything to Tsar John, then ruling, nicknamed Kantakuzenos, and with all the consecrated cathedral he met the divine treasure. And, accepting the ark with honor and breaking the seals, he took out the holy white hood and kissed it with love. And, looking at him, he marveled at his beauty and the wonderful fragrance emanating from him, he also marveled. And the patriarch was at that time ill with his eyes and head; but as soon as that saint put the klobuk on his head and put it to his eyes, immediately both his head and eyes were cured. And he rejoiced with great joy, and gave glory to Christ God and the ever-memorable Tsar Constantine, who created such a wonderful thing, and also glorified the blessed Pope Sylvester. And he put the holy hood on a golden dish, which the pope sent along with the hood, and placed it in the main temple in a revered place until he decides with the king what to do next.
Having sent the holy hood from Rome, the malicious pope, taught by heretics, angrily inflamed with the Christian faith and raged, already greatly repenting that he had missed the hood, and wrote a false and deceitful message to the patriarch, ordering him to return that hood along with a golden dish. But the patriarch, having read the letter and comprehending the wickedness and cunning of the pope, sent him excerpts from the holy writings, naming him both a cruel and godless apostate from the Christian faith, the forerunner of the Antichrist, and cursed him with the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the holy apostles, and holy fathers . And these writings reached the pope. The pope, having read them and having learned that the patriarch holds a white klobuk in great honor and wants to send him to the Russian land in Veliky Novgorod, roared in pain, and changed in his face, and fell into an illness: that pope did not love the Russian land so filthy from -for her Orthodox faith, which he could not even hear about. And all his flesh crumbled, and two sores sat on his chest on both sides, and other sores dispersed from them all over his body from head to toe. And a great stench came from him, and many worms were born in his body, and his back was doubled. Many doctors came, but could not heal him. With bulging eyes, he constantly shouted in a loud voice, and spoke absurdities, and howled like a wolf dog, and grabbed the impurities coming from his body with his hands and, stuffing them into his mouth, ate. And so he did for many days, suffering severely, and fear seized all around him. One of those who were here, by his bed, took a towel and wanted to wipe his mouth, as if a dog grabbed a towel with his teeth and stuck it in his throat, and immediately his body swelled up, and he burst all over - because he was fat, filthy in body. So he ended, damned, his life. And the Romans, having heard about the similar end of this evil pope, did not go to his burial, but spat upon and cursed him. The rulers of the city, taking into account the shameful death of the pope, buried him secretly, and concealed his name in the annals and replaced it with another name: some call him Gervasius, others Eugene, and true name no one knows.
Meanwhile, Patriarch Philotheus, seeing the beauty of the holy hood shining, began to think about whether to keep him in Constantinograd to wear on his head. And with that, he began to go often to the tsar, and wanted to write to all the patriarchs and metropolitans in order to summon them all to the council. But it so happened on a Sunday after matins that the patriarch entered his room and, as usual, sat down to rest. And then he plunged into semi-forgetfulness and saw in a dream two unknown husbands entering him through the doors, truly bright. One is like a warrior with weapons, with a royal crown on his head, while the other, wearing patriarchal robes, is decorated with noble gray hairs; and the second said to the patriarch: “Philotheus, leave the thought of wearing a white hood on your head. If our Lord Jesus Christ had deigned to be, then it would have happened earlier and would have happened at the creation of this city. from heaven, and the voice of God addressed to me, I was admonished and comprehended the Latin heresy coming to us and that falling away from the faith would come in Rome. And in this now reigning city of Constantine, after some time, Muslims will begin to rule for the multiplication of human sins, and they will desecrate and destroy all the shrines, as was also predicted when the city was created.For ancient Rome fell away from the Christian faith due to pride and self-will but in the new Rome, in Constantinograd, the Christian faith will perish as a result of Muslim oppression, and only in the third Rome, that is, on Russian soil, will the grace of the Holy Spirit shine. Know well, Philotheus, that all Christian kingdoms will come to their end and converge in a single Russian kingdom for the benefit of all Orthodoxy. For in ancient times, by order of the earthly king Constantine, from this reigning city, the royal crown was given to the Russian Tsar. This white hood, by the will of the heavenly King Christ, will now be given to the Archbishop of Veliky Novgorod. And how much more worthy this crown is, because at the same time it is both a royal crown of the Archangel degree and a spiritual one. So don’t hesitate, this holy klobuk went to the Russian land to Veliky Novgorod at the very first appearance of the holy angel; and believe my words. Let the Orthodox be enlightened and praised in their faith, and let the Muslims, the descendants of the filthy, not rule over them, and let them not abuse the klobuk, as the Latin pope wanted to do. And just as grace and glory and honor were taken away from Rome, so the grace of the Holy Spirit will be taken away from the reigning city during the years of Muslim captivity and all the shrines will be transferred by God to the great Russian land. The Lord will exalt the Russian Tsar over all peoples, and many of the foreign tsars will fall under his power. The patriarchal rank will also be transferred to the Russian land in due time from this reigning city. And that country will be called Russia, illuminated by the light, for God wished with such a blessing to glorify the Russian land, fill it with the greatness of Orthodoxy and make it the most honest of all and above all the former. "And, having said this, they wanted to leave, but the patriarch, being in great fear, fell at their feet and asked: “Who are you both, my lords, you, whose appearance so terrified me and from whose words my heart was afraid and trembling invaded my bones?” And the one who was in patriarchal robes said: “I - Pope Sylvester, has come by the command of God to tell you the great mystery of God about what will come true in due time. " And he, pointing with his hand to another who came with him, said: font and led to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. And he was the first Christian king and my child in Christ, who made this white klobuk for me instead of the royal crown. ”And, having said this and blessing the patriarch, both disappeared.

The patriarch woke up from sleep, and great fear attacked him, as soon as he remembered the words spoken to him by those who appeared, about the white hood, about the conquest of Constantinograd by godless Muslims, and wept for a long time. When the time for the Divine Liturgy arrived, he came to the church, fell before the icon of the Most Pure Theotokos, and wept for a long time. Then he got up and, with great fear, took the holy white hood, kissed it with love, and laid it on his head, and applied it to his eyes, and to his heart also, and felt more and more love for him in his heart, and did all this sobbing endlessly. The servants, who were nearby, stood and saw him sobbing inconsolably, but did not dare to ask anything. And the patriarch, having slightly calmed down from weeping, told everyone in detail about the appearance of the blessed Pope Sylvester and Tsar Constantine and about their words. And, having heard such speeches from the patriarch, they all sobbed pitifully and said: "God's will be done." The patriarch, having mourned the impending troubles of Constantinograd, did not dare to disobey the command of God and said: "Wherever He wishes, there the Lord will arrange His shrine." And on the advice of the pious Tsar John, he took that white hood and golden dish and reverently placed it in the already known ark. And, having sealed it with his seals, and also describing everything at the command of the holy angel and the blessed pope Selyvestre, he commanded Archbishop Vasily and all subsequent archbishops of Veliky Novgorod to wear this white klobuk at the head. But in addition, he sent many other honorable and wonderful gifts from his church service, for the deanery for the sake of the saint, and above all - embroidered with crosses robes to the glory of the holy and apostolic church. But this has already been put in another ark. And he handed everything over to one bishop, named Eumenius, and with joy, but with regret, he let them go.
At that time in Veliky Novgorod, the archbishop was Vasily, glorified by fasting and all sorts of virtues. And then one night, when he was praying to God, he sat down to rest and, having dozed a little, he clearly saw an angel of the Lord, meek in appearance and bright in face, who appeared before him, in a white hood, very similar to those worn by monks. And, pointing to his head with the finger of his hand, he said in a low voice:
"Basil, this white hood that you see on my head, from Rome. In ancient years, the Christian king Constantine created it to be worn on his head to the glory of the Pope Sylvester. But the Almighty God did not allow him to be in those lands because of the confluence into the heresy of the wicked Latins. Well, in the morning, hospitably go out of the city to meet the envoys of the patriarch and the reliquary that the bishop carries; in it, on a golden platter, a white hood such as you see - accept it with piety. This white hood marks bright Sunday Christ three days after the crucifixion. And from now on, wear a klobuk on your head, and let all the other archbishops after you also wear it on their heads. And I showed it to you beforehand, so that you would believe and then have no doubts.” And having said this, he disappeared.
Archbishop Basil, waking up from sleep, marveled at the vision with fear and joy. Early in the morning he sent several close associates to the crossroads to see if everything he had dreamed was true. And the messengers, having slightly moved away from the city, saw an unfamiliar bishop who was walking in their direction, and, bowing, they returned to the city to the archbishop, and they reported everything to him. And then the archbishop sent heralds throughout the city to gather both the priests and the multitude of people, and ordered all the bells to ring. And he himself, with all his clergy, put on the hierarch's robes. And as soon as he had departed not far from the church of St. Sophia, the above-mentioned bishop approached from the patriarch, carrying from him a reliquary with the seals of the patriarch and with his honorary gifts. Approaching the archbishop, the envoy bowed dignifiedly and handed over the patriarchal letters handed over with him. Then they received a blessing from each other and kissed each other in the name of Christ. And Vasily the Archbishop, reverently accepting the letters of the patriarch and the ark with his own hands, took another ark with honorary gifts, and they all went to the church of St. Sophia, the wisdom of God, and placed the ark in the middle of the church in the most honorable place. Vasily ordered the letters sent from the patriarch to be read aloud.
All the Orthodox who were in the church, after listening to the letters, gave praise to God and rejoiced with great joy. And Archbishop Basil the Ark opened it and threw back its lid - and immediately an inexpressible fragrance came out of it and an all-wonderful light shone in the church. And Archbishop Vasily and everyone who was there, seeing all this, were amazed. Yes, and the envoy of the Patriarch Eumenius, only then seeing all the grace of God, was very surprised. And all together they glorified God and offered prayers. The archbishop took a white hood from the ark, and saw that it looked exactly the same as it was on the head of the holy angel, and kissed it with love, and laid it on his head. And at the same instant, a loud voice came from the church dome from the Lord's image: "Holy to the holy!" And, after a little silence, three times the same voice uttered: "Many years, my lord!" And when the archbishop heard those words, and everyone who was here heard, filled with fear and joy, they said: "Lord have mercy!"
And then Basil ordered all those who were in the church to be silent and told them the words of the angel about the holy hood and, in order, everything else that the holy angel had told him at night in a dream. And, thanking God, in that hood he went from the church to his place, and the subdeacons walked in front of him in solemn robes by candlelight and singing, and it was both decent and glorious to see all this. The people, crowding each other, jumping up, looked over their heads at the hierarch's attire and marveled at it.
By such an action and grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and with the blessing of His Holiness Philotheus, Patriarch of Constantinople, a white hood was established on the heads of the holy archbishops of Veliky Novgorod.

The archbishop, filled with joy, treated the priests and deacons and all the churchmen of all Veliky Novgorod for seven days, endowing them with many dishes. He also fed the beggars, monks, and prisoners gloriously, and asked everyone else to be released. The honorary and holy gifts of the patriarch, with the blessing of the patriarch, he placed in the cathedral for church service. And he also gave the golden dish, on which lay the holy white hood, for worship in the church of St. Sophia. He gloriously honored the envoys of the patriarch and bestowed many gifts, not forgetting to write detailed letters with a petition, and sent them to the king and the patriarch, dismissing all the ambassadors with great honor.
And for a long time afterwards, people from many cities and kingdoms came to Veliky Novgorod and, as if looking at a marvelous miracle, seeing the archbishop in a white hood, were amazed again, and told in all countries and kingdoms. And it's all written about the holy white hood up to this point.

THE MARK OF ARCHBISHOP GENNADY

And, having studied all this description to the subtlety, Archbishop Gennady rejoiced terribly with great joy that "I was honored during my archbishopric, during the bishopric in Veliky Novgorod, to receive this information about the holy white klobuk, about where it was created and how it got into Veliky Novgorod; everything else about the same white klobuk I found little by little in the Novgorod Sophia in books. And all this multi-colored multitude, as if various flowers in an open field, having gathered together in my description and having clarified the essence of the matter completely, I handed over to the cathedral church for information to the Orthodox Dmitry the interpreter spent two long years in Rome and Florence in his inevitable search, and when he returned from there, I, the humble Archbishop Gennady, thanked him with an estate, as well as with clothes and food, I gave him.

* * *

From that time on, the lover of piety, His Holiness Archbishop Gennady, handed over such an institution to the cathedral church.
When I was going to serve divine liturgy When he entered the church, he took off his hood from his head, putting it on his shoulder. And, entering the altar, after venerating the holy icons, he would return to his place in the church, where he would put on the hierarch's vestments. The priest, who served with him, brought him a gilded silver dish, and the archbishop, taking off his hood from his shoulder, laid it on this dish. The priest, moving a little away, bowed respectfully to the archbishop, and set up a dish with a hood in the altar in a place of honor near the throne until the very end of the church service. And after the completion of the holy service, the archpriest or chief of the abbots, who served with the archbishop in full vestments, took the dish on which the holy klobuk lay and offered it to the archbishop. The archbishop, accepting the dish with the holy hood, placed the hood on his head and departed. Just as reverently in his cell, the saint laid that hood on a dish.
On the glorious and great feasts of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Most Pure Theotokos, and especially on the day of the flower-bearing Easter, when you need to march on a foal or a donkey to the church of holy Jerusalem (this custom was created by the God-loving Archbishop Basil), Archbishop Gennady in the house of Hagia Sophia, the wisdom of God , in a large chamber, he set up a meal for princes and boyars, feeding the noble people of the Orthodox of the great city, but also treating all the priests gloriously with many brashens. At the end of such an honorable and solemn feast and after the distribution of the Mother of God's prosvirok, His Holiness Gennady commanded everyone who was at the feast to be silent, and the best reader to read the story of the holy white klobuk aloud. And everyone heard enough of the story to their heart's content and, God's miracles marveling, they glorified the white hood of the saint.
After the reading, the priests, and the choir deacons, and subdeacons sang for many years to the sovereign sovereign, the Grand Duke, and after him to the archbishop. And then His Holiness Gennady blessed everyone, and they kissed him on the klobuk. And he handed out the chalice of the most pure Mother of God with his own hand to all the Orthodox, without bypassing anyone, and then retired to himself, preceded by subdeacons in solemn robes and with candles, who glorified the holiday, seeing it off with honor. And Archbishop Gennady rewarded them enough. And that's it.

"The Tale of the White Cowl"(St.-Slav. The story of the white hood) or "The Tale of the Novgorod White Klobuk"- a monument of ancient Russian literature of the XV-XVI centuries, an essay about the miraculous appearance of a white klobuk in Rus', mystical symbol"Third Rome".

Some researchers believe that a short edition of The Tale of the Novgorod White Klobuk was created in the 1550s, and a complete one between 1589 and 1601. "The Tale of the White Hood" received the widest distribution in the manuscript tradition of the 16th-18th centuries. - about 300 handwritten lists are known. She was especially popular among the Old Believers.

The story consists of three parts.

The first part of the story is “The Message of Dmitry the Greek Tolmach to the Novgorod Archbishop Gennady”, in which Dmitry Tolmach (aka Mitka Maly) tells that by order of Gennady he got to Rome, and there he could hardly find a legend about the white klobuk, which is carefully hidden due to the fact that they are afraid of shame. For this purpose, with the help of gifts, Mitka entered the location of the book keeper of the Roman church named Yakov. Yakov told Mitka this story, and Mitka wrote it down.

In the second part of the story, the fake Latin essay “The Gift of Constantine” is retold: the emperor’s elephant leprosy, Constantine’s desire to slaughter babies, the rejection of this desire, the appearance of the apostles Peter and Paul in a dream to Constantine, the baptism of Constantine by Sylvester, Constantine’s gratitude.

In the third part of the story, he tells that after the events listed above, the holy apostles Peter and Paul again appeared to Tsar Constantine in a dream and showed him the form according to which the white hood of the pope should be sewn as a sign of his church leadership; Constantine ordered to sew a hood and put it on the head of Pope Sylvester, after which, not wanting to reign in the same place where the vicar of God rules, he transferred his capital from Rome to Constantinople.

The successors of Sylvester forgot the pious life and did not honor the klobuk, for which they had to send this symbol of their power to Constantinople. But then a “bright young man” appeared to the patriarch at night and ordered to send a klobuk to Veliky Novgorod, “and let him be there on the head of Vasily the archbishop”; since then, "the white hood has been established on the heads of the saints by the archbishop of Veliky Novgorod."

Historical influence

In the year of Moscow local cathedral adopted a regulation on the right of the Moscow metropolitan to wear a white hood. After the establishment of the patriarchate in Russia in the year, the patriarchs of Moscow began to wear a white klobuk. In the year the story was condemned by the Great Moscow Cathedral as "false and wrong", written "from the wind of his head" by Dmitry Tolmach (different experts understand this name as either Dmitry Trakhaniot, or Dmitry Gerasimov, both of them bore this nickname).

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• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

An excerpt characterizing the Tale of the White Hood

Pierre, as one of the most honored guests, was to sit in Boston with Ilya Andreevich, a general and a colonel. Pierre had to sit opposite Natasha at the Boston table, and the strange change that had taken place in her since the day of the ball struck him. Natasha was silent, and not only was she not as good as she was at the ball, but she would be bad if she did not have such a meek and indifferent look to everything.
"What with her?" thought Pierre, looking at her. She was sitting next to her sister at the tea table and reluctantly, without looking at him, answered something to Boris, who had sat down next to her. Departing the whole suit and taking five bribes to the pleasure of his partner, Pierre, who heard the greetings and the sound of someone's steps entering the room during the collection of bribes, looked at her again.
"What happened to her?" even more surprised he said to himself.
Prince Andrei, with a thrifty tender expression, stood before her and said something to her. She, raising her head, blushing and apparently trying to hold her breath, looked at him. And the bright light of some kind of inner, previously extinguished fire, again burned in her. She has completely changed. From the bad girl she again became the same as she was at the ball.
Prince Andrei went up to Pierre and Pierre noticed a new, youthful expression in the face of his friend.
Pierre changed seats several times during the game, now with his back, then facing Natasha, and for the entire duration of 6 roberts he made observations of her and his friend.
“Something very important is happening between them,” thought Pierre, and a joyful and at the same time bitter feeling made him worry and forget about the game.
After 6 robers, the general got up, saying that it was impossible to play like that, and Pierre got his freedom. Natasha was talking to Sonya and Boris in one direction, Vera was talking about something with a thin smile with Prince Andrei. Pierre went up to his friend and, asking if what was being said was a secret, sat down beside them. Vera, noticing Prince Andrei's attention to Natasha, found that at the evening, at a real evening, it was necessary that there be subtle hints of feelings, and seizing the time when Prince Andrei was alone, she began a conversation with him about feelings in general and about her sister . With such an intelligent (as she considered Prince Andrei) guest, she needed to apply her diplomatic skills to the matter.
When Pierre approached them, he noticed that Vera was in the self-satisfied enthusiasm of the conversation, Prince Andrei (which rarely happened to him) seemed embarrassed.
- What do you think? Vera said with a thin smile. - You, prince, are so insightful and understand the character of people at once. What do you think of Natalie, can she be constant in her affections, can she, like other women (Vera understood herself), love a person once and remain faithful to him forever? This is what I believe real love. What do you think, prince?
“I know your sister too little,” answered Prince Andrei with a mocking smile, under which he wanted to hide his embarrassment, “to solve such a delicate question; and then I noticed that the less a woman likes, the more constant she is, ”he added and looked at Pierre, who had approached them at that time.
- Yes, it's true, prince; in our time, - continued Vera (referring to our time, as limited people generally like to mention, believing that they have found and appreciated the features of our time and that the properties of people change with time), in our time the girl has so much freedom that le plaisir d "etre courtisee [the pleasure of having fans] often drowns out in her true feeling. Et Nathalie, il faut l "avouer, y est tres sensible. [And Natalya, I must admit, is very sensitive to this.] Returning to Natalie again made Prince Andrei frown unpleasantly; he wanted to get up, but Vera continued with an even more refined smile.
“I don’t think anyone was as courtisee [object of courtship] as she was,” Vera said; - but never, until very recently, did she seriously like anyone. You know, count, - she turned to Pierre, - even our dear cousin Boris, who was, entre nous [between us], very, very dans le pays du tendre ... [in the land of tenderness ...]