The essence of man in philosophy. The law of nature for a person is to become a rational person. One of the components of human nature is

The nature and essence of man is a philosophical concept that essential characteristics a person that distinguishes him and is not reducible to all other forms and kinds of being, or his natural properties, to one degree or another inherent in all people.

Philosophy, anthropology, evolutionary psychology, sociobiology, and theology are engaged in the study and interpretation of human nature at different levels of generalization. However, among researchers there is no consensus not only about the nature of human nature, but also about the presence of human nature as such.

Definition of man and his nature

The essence of man according to Aristotle is those of his properties that cannot be changed so that he does not cease to be himself. In philosophy, a single and unambiguous definition of man and his nature does not exist. In a broad sense, a person can be described as a being with will, intelligence, higher feelings, the ability to communicate and work.

Soul and body

In the concept of materialism, a person consists only of the tissues that make up his flesh, yet the abstract components attributed to a person, along with the ability to actively reflect reality, are the result of a complex organization of the processes of these tissues.

In occult and esoteric teachings, a person is understood as a being that combines many planes (“worlds”) (soul, ethereal body, monad, aura, body).

In Kabbalah, a person is considered in the “system of five worlds”, which are understood as degrees of concealment of the full volume of nature, levels of human consciousness.

In the ancient Indian tradition, a person is characterized by a short-term, but organic combination of elements, when the soul and body are closely interconnected in the natural wheel of samsara. Only a person can strive for liberation from empirical existence and find harmony in nirvana, using spiritual practices that involve exercises for the soul and body.

Democritus, like many ancient thinkers, considered man to be a microcosm. Plato imagined man as a being divided into material (body) and ideal (soul) beginnings. Aristotle viewed the soul and body as two aspects of a single reality.

In the philosophy of modern times, the body is considered as a machine, and the soul is identified with consciousness.

Religious traditions believe that man is a divine creation. Augustine calls human soul a riddle, a mystery to man himself. Abrahamic religions call for the disclosure of the spiritual principle:

“... man occupies such a high place among God's creations, is as a true citizen of two worlds - visible and invisible - as the union of the Creator with the creature, the temple of the Divine and therefore the crown of creation, then this is the only and proper because the Almighty favored his spiritual nature to implant the feeling or thought of His infinite Divinity, which is placed in his spirit and serves as an everlasting source that draws him to his highest center.

On the contrary, from the point of view of evolutionary teaching, human behavior, like other animals, is part of its species characteristics, is due to the evolutionary development of man as a species, and has analogues in closely related species. A long period of childhood is necessary for a person to assimilate large amounts of extragenetic information necessary for extended abstract thinking, speech and socialization by the highly developed human brain.

Self-worth and uniqueness of a person

Christianity calls man "the image and likeness of God", the main purpose of which is the salvation of the soul for eternal life in paradise.

Medieval philosophy - from patristic theology to scholasticism and mysticism, as the basis of the relationship between man and God in the world, affirms the value and status of the personality itself.

The philosophy of the Renaissance recognizes the self-sufficient value of man. In his creative abilities, a person is similar to God, but is actualized without an indispensable correlation with a deity, which determined the philosophy and ideology of humanism. Unlike medieval philosophers, humanists put man, not God, at the center of their interests.

In the philosophy and culture of the New Age, such concepts as the individuality and self-consciousness of a person are emphasized. Descartes laid the foundation for modern European rationalism, postulating thinking as the only reliable evidence of human existence: "I think, therefore I am" (lat. Cogito Ergo Sum). Reason becomes the defining characteristic of man, now regarded as a derivative of natural and social circumstances.

According to the principle of Copernicus, the Earth and the emergence of intelligent life on it in the form of Homo Sapiens is rather not a unique, but an ordinary phenomenon.

Morality and humanism

One of the claims of moral absolutism is that a single and universal morality is derived from the very nature of man. Moral relativism says the opposite: moral standards are relative.

In the days of the slave system, it was often believed that a slave has a different nature and essence, which he passes on to his children, and therefore there is nothing immoral in treating him like a slave.

The concept of humanism has something in common with the concept of humanity - the ability to sympathize with other people, to show kindness towards them.

According to Nietzsche, the nature of the superman allows him to be free from moral and religious norms.

Fate and character of man

In philosophy ancient east and antiquity, a person is presented as a fragment of nature, whose life path is predetermined by the laws of fate, and whose essence is a certain deity. In the Middle Ages, a person is endowed with free will, which elevates him above nature, giving him the opportunity and duty to control his own destiny. However, superstitions about the dependence of fate on the position of the lines on the palms and on the location of the planets and luminaries exist to this day.

According to Darwin, the nature of man and animals is evolutionary and non-deterministic, that is, subject to changes depending on the environment in which the species lives and develops. Social determinism tends to believe that the behavior of groups of people is conditioned by the conditions in which they find themselves, for example, the class struggle is conditioned by this.

Some hypotheses (the concept of tabula rasa, behaviorism) claim that a person is formed mainly through education, others (biological or genetic determinism) - that his character is congenital feature organism, and education can only mask its manifestations.

John Locke believed that people act well because it is natural for rational beings, for him the social contract is a natural process with no alternative. Thomas Hobbes, on the other hand, believed that it is natural for people to be selfish and strive to satisfy their needs, and they entered into a social contract out of a sense of self-preservation, fearing a "war of all against all."

The Christian Church believes that original sin corrupted the nature of man, from which a tendency appeared in him to deviate from the norms expressed in the precepts of God. The heresiarch Pelagius, on the other hand, sees in original sin only a single act of deviation of the free will of man from good.

Non-classical philosophy of the XIX-XX centuries about human nature

In the non-classical philosophy of the second half of the 19th-20th centuries, one can single out such basic approaches in understanding the nature and essence of man as:

Comparison of the nature of man and animals

From the point of view of many religions and idealistic philosophies, man and animals belong to different categories of creatures, despite the external and genetic similarity of man to primates, while it is argued that animals do not have (or are in their infancy) the following qualities:

People can call a cruel, bloodthirsty person inhuman, denying his resemblance to people and emphasizing his resemblance to animals. Others believe that animals cannot be evil, and their cruelty manifests itself only from cruel treatment or only under certain conditions.

At the same time, there is reason to believe that animals are characterized by thinking, mutual assistance, a sense of justice, beauty, and even an analogue of superstition.

In addition, some ethologists draw analogies between human morality and the system of instinctive prohibitions characteristic of animals, which Konrad Lorenz called "natural morality". Due to the fact that innate instincts have a relatively weak effect on human behavior, some ethologists argue that a person is an animal with a relatively weak morality (meaning "natural morality"), which can lead to terminological confusion.

From such positions, some ethologists associate human religiosity with certain features of animal behavior, such as rituality, hierarchy of relationships, and the like, reducing religiosity in people to atavism, an instinct that was useful in the conditions familiar to the life of animal ancestors, but turned out to be harmful in human society. .

The fact that for some people the very idea of ​​the proximity of people with higher anthropoids is unacceptable, ethologists explain by the action of the mechanism of ethological isolation of close species. The differences between man and animals lie both in the quantitative development of certain traits and in the qualitative leaps associated with them.

The concept of man in culture

After Plato defined man as "bipedal, devoid of feathers", Diogenes, having plucked a rooster, declared that this is a man according to Plato.

The page presents the 1st chapter of the 9th edition of the Fundamentals of Human Studies in its entirety. This chapter sets out the fundamental provisions of human science, including the definition of the essence and its foundations and properties and the beginning of the concept of the rational existence of man, which are developed and supplemented in subsequent chapters. In the text of the chapter, in view of repeated repetition, abbreviations are used, a complete list of which and some correlations of concepts are collected on the content page of the book to the right of the list of chapters.

Fundamentals of human science. 9th edition, 2012

Chapter 1

1.1. Man, society and nature as a single system

1.3. On the freedom and necessity of knowing and realizing the essence of man

1.1. Man, society and nature as a single system

1.1.1. On the origin and development of nature and man

Let us immediately determine that for human studies /Chel/ the actual problems of the origin of nature and man, so to speak, his phylo/anthropogenesis, are not so important, although this is important, however, not so much as to associate with this the possibility of determining its essence, and it is considered with them . His materialistic position, deterministic and dialectical approaches to the formation of ideas about a person and his essence as a system, which is primarily determined by his individual actions, real interaction with society and nature, and the impact of all elements on each other, are fundamental. Several groups of issues related to this interaction - knowledge, definition and realization of the essence, resource needs and security of a person and society, the state of the environment or space of life, the reasonableness and nature of the interaction of a person and society, a person and society with nature, and, finally, the degree of awareness and the realization of the unity of man, society and nature are included in the sphere of study of Chel and take their place in it. In the context of Chel, these issues are considered in connection with the development-ontogenesis and rationality of a person, his individual behavior and actions in the surrounding world, which largely determine their content and forms of manifestation, nature, levels and degrees of implementation. First of all, and this section confirms this, for Chel, the unity and close interconnections of man and nature are important, which determine his essence and behavior, as well as the boundaries of freedom and the need for his self-knowledge /SP/ and realization of the essence /RS/. The resource provision of human life is considered by Chel not so much as the physical and chemical basis of his metabolism or the material basis of production and economic relations, but as a fundamental condition for existence and a derivative of his rationality and organization of behavior. The state of human life space is important for our science not as an economic environment, natural disasters and environmental problems of its existence, but as its important condition and reflection of development and rationality and the task of its analysis and rationalization.

The fundamental point in Chel's attitude to the question of the origin of nature and man is that he is more interested in who or how it was created or formed, although this is important for a better understanding of the essence of a reasonable person and its properties, but it is very difficult to determine due to the lack of data, but their derivativeness to the conditions and tasks of existence and non-random relationship with the goals and logic of existence, organization and interaction immanent in the system of life activity, from the objective knowledge of which it is possible to reach a better understanding of its origin. The latter find their ideal embodiment in the idea of ​​the highest benefit /VP/ or, in other words, the meaning of a person’s life, which determines his most important aspirations and actions, which should line up in an algorithm that is adequate in content, sequence and internal relationships, realizing the vital necessity /ZHN/ of a person. , expressing its essence and determined by reason. The ideas about the EP and the algorithm for the implementation of the ZhN in dynamics actually determine the angle of view of the Person and the perception of the topic of the origin of man and nature, focusing primarily on a systematic consideration and specification of the content of the process, contours and elements of interaction between man, society and nature.

1.1.2. Man, society and nature - elements and contours of interactions

No one should doubt that man, society and nature are interrelated elements of interaction, and the further and more actively this process goes, the more obvious it is, as well as the fact that it can and should be studied and optimized. First of all, this is important from the point of view of improving the resource endowment and living conditions of a person and rationalizing his self-preservation. On the other hand, being a product of nature, man and society are increasingly influencing it, causing serious changes that turn into unpredictable consequences when they are not thought about. With the development of civilization, a person, as it were, breaks away from nature and, unbalancing interaction with it, loses the thread of unity. At the same time, no technical achievements, neither the most perfect benefits of civilization, nor the sharpest pleasures can compensate for the loss of fresh air and clean water, the depletion of the subsoil and the accumulation of problems for the coexistence of people. The necessity, if not of a reverse movement of man towards nature, then of his nature-like behavior, becomes more and more obvious. People will have to change their attitude towards nature as a passive environment of life and a source of resources. Of course, it is not necessary to deify nature and its phenomena in a pagan way, but the need to involve it in the sphere of the most important interests of man and society, as an essential component of the life system, and harmonize their interaction is becoming more and more urgent.

The natural and most important direction of this process is the definition and interpretation of the concept of the essence or nature of a person, its knowledge and implementation in behavior adequate to it. Since human behavior is a certain sequence of actions and conditions for their implementation, in order to determine them, it is necessary to study and determine the system of man-society-nature and its most important contours and elements. Obviously, the individual contour of the interaction between man and nature, the social contour of the interaction of man with other people and the universal contour of the interaction of society and nature are distinguished. As long as these contours are considered separately by different sciences, for example, biology, sociology and ecology, they cannot be fully optimized. And only Chel brings them together, which is a single process of interaction between man, society and nature, and indicates the cardinal ways and means of its optimization, or rather, rationalization. Of course, it is very difficult to immediately determine and specify the best ways of this process, but without a doubt, human SP and MS are its most important components and VP, which must be determined for use by people from an early age. For this purpose, it is necessary to form and develop an educational pedagogical Chel, whose main task is to provide information and methodological support for human SP and RS. However, its most important task is to define and interpret the whole system of natural behavior /PSP/ of a person, which should organically include individual, social and natural actions and interactions of people and link them together.

1.1.3. Man, society and nature as a single system

Just as a person cannot be considered outside of society, so as not to be mistaken in him and his actions, so it is impossible to study a person’s life outside nature, which is the environment and source of resources for his existence, firstly, and “the workshop in which he is a worker”, firstly. second. The unity of man, society and nature is not a bookish or abstract scientific concept - it is an alphabetically obvious truth, which should not only be known to every person, but, directly entering his flesh and blood, which arise from nature and disappear in it, should determine everything his actions! At the same time, in the process of determining and subsequent optimization of the human-nature system, it is natural to rely on the human mind. It is he who is able to lead a person to the perception of life as a system that is whole and open for development and improvement, and the degree of human rationality ultimately determines its vision and its attitude to the world and its existence in general. the most important and in the best possible way comprehension of the unity of man, society and nature is an appeal to his rational essence, which has individual, social and universal components or spheres of implementation, which are integrated in the idea of ​​WH to solve the problems of self-preservation and procreation in order to achieve the VP of improving the species. However, the process of cognition of the human-nature system is not only the prerogative of Chel - the life experience and thoughts of people, whether they are ordinary people or scientists, writers or artists, engineers or workers, officials or politicians, accumulated over many millennia of human development, represent a huge , not known to everyone, and most importantly, not everyone demanded colossal material, for constructive understanding and application of which sometimes only a spark is needed to ignite the flame of rationalization.

The accumulated problems of a person are also moving towards this, the analysis of which suggests the existence of their common causes associated with the actions of a person and his rationality, or rather, with its insufficiency. There is no doubt that Chel will contribute to the active involvement and development of people's life experience for their own development and improvement, without which it is impossible to achieve unity and harmony in the interaction of man, society and nature. The rationalization of this system is an important and urgent task of all mankind, which can only be solved by the concerted efforts of people united on the basis of awareness and implementation of the task of improving their lives in the context of achieving the EaP. The solution to this problem involves the activation of the mind and body of a person, which can be achieved by a gradual change in his life orientation in the direction of development and improvement, which is intended to be facilitated by nature-friendly pedagogy based on Chel and his PSP system. Helping in self-knowledge and teaching the implementation of the vitality, development pedagogy will form a person's systemic understanding of his essence and teach him to rationally implement it individually, in society and nature.

1.2. Real and rational human behavior

1.2.1. The behavior of modern man, features and motives

The behavior of a modern person expresses his diverse needs and depends on age and development, resource provision and organization of life, hereditary-individual characteristics and prevailing life values. It is determined by the needs of the human body and psyche and its interaction with the outside world, and to a large extent depends on the level of its development and self-organization /SORG/ and the nature of production and use of its vital resources and energy /ZHRE/. Endogenous /genotype/ and external /phenotype/ factors are relatively independent and interrelated, determining its interests and tasks, opportunities and circumstances of life. They have a common and objective natural basis for all people and peculiar individual, biological and mental characteristics of the manifestation of activity, rates and levels of development. Some of them act constantly, for example, the need for food and movement, others periodically, for example, rest and sleep. Some are objective and are of vital importance / health status and living environment /, others are subjective and related to the development and relationships of people / distribution of life resources and position in society /, others are opportunistic in nature / possession of some things or styles of clothing /. Finally, some factors are manifested through direct sensations, while others are realized and formed through the mind in ideas of necessity and benefit.

Despite their large number, the factors/causes that determine a person's actions are ultimately determined by his needs and are expressed through desires, which are all the more acute. than with great pleasure associated. Natural pleasures from delicious food and pleasant pastime, satisfaction of sexual desire and manifestation of parental feelings, comfortable living conditions and free expression /SVR/, satisfied pride and positive evaluation of others. Noteworthy and quite natural is the pleasure of youth from movement and communication, and old age from peace and contemplation. However, in people's lives there are not only vital, so to speak, primary, but also secondary pleasures from the use of alcohol and drugs, various games and extreme activities, the number of which is growing, and the pleasure from which often turns into addiction and takes possession of people so much that prevents them from living, and even leads to death... All this forms a rich palette of desires and behavioral acts and patterns that make up people's mental attitudes and life values ​​that motivate their actions in a big way. The common thing for people, unfortunately, is that they do not seek to harmonize internal and external interactions, which would be quite natural and reasonable, but to master the largest possible external resources /money and power/, that is, their interests are directed outside, like animals, while in themselves / effective development and self-improvement, organization of life and use of the FRE / they are not sufficiently motivated and active.

Individual consumption, the accumulation of material wealth and the desire for power determine the generally significant life values ​​and orientation of people and seem to be more important for them than development and improvement, without which, if you think about it, it is impossible to improve life. Concentrating on pleasures, people are deceived in their desires and needs, they misunderstand their necessity and benefit! and are not optimally implemented. The less their desires, goals and actions express vital or necessary needs, the more people deceive themselves and allow others to deceive themselves. Deception and self-deception of a person are constant phenomena accompanying a person's life, which have a mostly negative and partly positive meaning. They are negative in their harm, being a reflection of its imperfection, positive in that they help a person overcome it, as if turning a blind eye to the insecurity of actions or their fallacy ... The main reason for this situation is the weakness of the mind and the imperfection of a person and the lack of objective and systemic knowledge themselves, their essence and ZhN. As a consequence, human behavior is suboptimal in the individual sphere and in interaction with people and nature, and the use of FRE is irrational. For many people, the metabolism, energy and information are not balanced, the natural rhythms and cycles of life are disturbed, the necessary norm of movements is not realized or not fulfilled. Their thinking is stereotyped, inertial and does not develop, their actions are self-serving and often unnatural. The most important interests and values, individual for each and common to all people, have not been formed.

A person is by nature kind and friendly until his WN gives way to the pressure of desires or forces that generate evil, as a negative component of self-interest and opposition. In the pursuit of enrichment and power, people alienate themselves in relation to themselves - their nature and are separated from the outside world. Their life is, as it were, mothballed and almost closed for free development and improvement, as well as for the realization of their need. Formed over the millennia of existence, the ideals of a person, as it were, are not connected with what he does. Like him, they are dual and contradictory, expressing his spiritual and bodily incarnations and yielding to subjectively attractive primitives... When you need to survive or not lose in a tough competition to others, you don’t have to talk about the natural conformity of behavior, the optimality of the SVR and the effectiveness of self-realization /SR / person. It is difficult to be oneself and naturally develop and improve in harmony with the surrounding world, when the interests and actions of people not only do not coincide, but contradict, and there is no single positive will to unite people and balance their interaction between themselves and nature.

Imbalance of substances and information, hypodynamia and arrhythmia of life, self-alienation /SO/ and separation /RO/ of people cause protest and even aggression in some, avoiding problems and striving for pleasure and entertainment - in others. Many people would like to live better, but so far they lack the mind, will and energy not only to want this as they should, but also to act better. On the other hand, even if someone really wants to improve their lives, they will face the resistance of a huge inert mass of people who imagine it differently. The most curious thing is that people do not yet fully know what constitutes their VP and VP in order to want to approach them. Modern life, like the thoughts, desires and actions of a person, are paradoxical and relative to his necessity - desires predominate, determined by the needs of the body and thrills, but not always ZhN, which he must be aware of with his mind! This is difficult and some people cannot do it because of its weakness, or rather, underdevelopment ... Primitivization of people's behavior and life brings them a lot of problems that prevent them from living better and longer. Having a mind and primitivizing their actions, people often behave less expediently than animals driven by instinct. As a preliminary conclusion: people need something similar in terms of expediency and obligatory nature to the instinct of animals, something like an "autopilot of the ZhN" ... But what can serve in this capacity, if not the human mind and natural pedagogy, which are designed to help him in understanding and shaping more consistent with its essence of ideas about the need and benefit? In order to teach a person to behave more usefully and in a natural way, his behavior and criteria of usefulness must be determined, concretized and fixed in practical schemes for achieving life goals from early childhood. And this is the task Chel!

1.2.2. The content and components of human behavior

An animal, guided by instincts and direct sensations in certain living conditions, naturally realizes its specific tasks. And only extraordinary events and cataclysms violate the natural order and the apparent expediency and optimality of their actions. In man, as a higher mammal, the biological component of life is supplemented by the mental one, and this makes him both stronger and weaker than the animal. It is stronger because, thanks to the mind and the tools of labor created with its help, it can better adapt to the conditions of existence, has and uses much larger FRE more efficiently, and weaker because large resources require more effort for their production and use, and instincts are inhibited by the mind or, on the contrary, take possession of it, leading to a violation of the biological balance of existence and the emergence of individual and social problems. Over the entire history of existence, people have accumulated tremendous experience and knowledge, which, it would seem, should have taught them to behave reasonably and live in the world of people and nature better than animals do. And the seven billion milestone of the world's population, reached in 2011, confirms this to a certain extent. However, the imperfection of modern life does not allow us to fully agree with this and suggests that this experience and knowledge is not enough, or are they fragmented and inaccessible to everyone, or does something prevent people from using them?.. It can be assumed that due to insufficient development a person does not fully use his mind, as well as the fact that the rationalization of his behavior is not sufficiently motivated. People are likened to animals, guided by their desires, but if the actions of animals are unambiguously determined by necessity, as if sewn into their "consciousness" and realized through instincts, then people have freedom of will and choice of their greater or lesser benefit between desires and feelings, instincts and necessity. determined by their mind. Like hundreds of years ago, they make their choice not in the best way, not knowing it or being deceived in their favor, replaced by profit or pleasure. Apparently, in order to act more usefully or more rationally, a person needs to have a greater potential for rationality and better know his essence and express its necessity and benefit.

In the most general form, human behavior can be represented as a set of psychophysical acts that realize his needs and abilities, which integrate sensations and feelings, desires and thoughts. The latter connect the essence and needs of a person with their implementation through the WN, determined by the mind. However, there is no field of knowledge yet, except for Chel, which determines his vitality and can teach a person to live adequately to his essence in development and improvement, in friendly interaction with people and in a balanced way with nature. While people do not always know, want and do what is necessary and useful, and the discrepancy between desires and needs is one of the most important reasons for their non-optimal behavior, suggesting that if they knew and followed ZhN, their life could be better ... But what can induce a person to follow ZhN, if not the consciousness of its usefulness? But what about creeds and secret doctrines, high ideals or brilliant ideas? What about free will and choice to desire and do what you want? Finally, how can a person's desires and needs be connected, if not through the realization of their usefulness? Defining human behavior as linking his need with its realization, we involuntarily touched on what a person, as a higher animal, still practically does not think about, for various reasons not knowing or not realizing what expresses his natural essence. But it is precisely this /essence/ that, as it were, sets the content-imperative basis of the animal's instinct and the natural motivational attitudes of human behavior, which predetermine the necessity and usefulness of its self-reproduction /SV/ and SR for self-preservation.

In order to solve the problems of existence, a person must reproduce / reproduce / himself as a living material being, for which he needs FRE. In order to carry out the extended SI necessary for self-preservation and procreation, he must self-actualize in society and nature, increasing the volume of FRE, that is, having more and more of them in order to ensure the full development of his children, support parents and social needs. Having a mind, a person is potentially able to know what and how much he needs. Knowing how much energy is needed for NE, he can rationalize life and its resources. By organizing his life and optimizing the WRE, he is able to be aware of his VP and interpret it in the PSP to achieve the VP. And in this ability, which is potential and unequally developed in people, is the basis of the most important problems of his life! In reality, a person lives with such benefit for himself and acts as optimally as he realizes and realizes his essence. Now a person in the mass is oriented outwardly towards obtaining FRE and improving his material environment, and not towards his own development and rationalization of behavior - and therefore he seems to have no essence ... Unlike an animal, whose goals and behavior are rigidly determined by instinct, a person it is necessary to know one's essence, including instincts, in order to follow ZhN. Being able to do this optimally, the mind of a person can be developed better or worse, and his ideas about his essence and usefulness, as well as the needs expressing them, can be more or less perfect ...

The essence of a person is biopsychosocial and his needs, which determine the WN, are not limited only to individual items - food, clothing, housing, they have spiritual, social and universal or specific manifestations, which must also be known, taken into account, implemented and optimized. This makes the implementation of VL and the achievement of human VP a very complex and multi-level process, for the rationalization of which it must be comprehensively and systematically studied and brought to practical schemes and mechanisms understandable to people. And this is an urgent task for people who, in the words of L.N. Tolstoy, let us recall the epigraph to our work, "they will begin to develop a single true and necessary science of how to live." First of all, the person is called upon to explain to people what their essence and VP represent, what grounds and properties express it, how they are interconnected, vitality and the tasks of existence, how best to cognize and implement them in the PSP, what is, what should be the human mind and how to develop it?

1.2.3. Rational human behavior

Rational is, first of all, the behavior of a person effectively controlled by the mind, ensuring its free and positive development without insoluble contradictions in itself and in interaction with the surrounding world of people and nature. What is behind this and how can we better understand it? Rational is a strategically correct behavior in the direction of the VP and effectively managed achievement of the goals determined by the ZhN. That is, the strategic context of rational behavior is the following of the human VP, and operational actions should contribute to the best implementation of the life expectancy of cognition and the realization of its essence. If we recall the animal origin of man, which, from a materialistic point of view, is undoubtedly the most important components of animal behavior, then they also have a strategic vector that is realized by instinct, and operational tasks that, being simpler than human ones, are solved by them often, if not more optimally, that is more consistent than some people do. At the same time, the difference between animals and humans lies in the fact that they are not able to realize their benefit because there is nothing. However, what is important is not how primitive some people who consider themselves reasonable behave, but how much better and more useful a person’s behavior can be if he is aware of his vitality and follows it, quickly and effectively realizing what is predetermined by his essence. . And here comes the moment of truth - the most significant difference between the mind and rational behavior from the instinctive one - is that the mind is able to help a person not only better manage his actions, including instinctive ones, but also improve himself, including the mind. , improving ideas about one's life and benefits!.. Awareness and realization of this inherent only human possibility is what largely determines his rational essence!!!

After these useful considerations, the concept of rational human behavior /RPC/ can be expanded and interpreted as follows: RPC is a set of reasonable /optimally controlled by the mind/ actions that ensures the achievement of the strategic goal - VP and the solution of operational tasks for the implementation of the WH, which implements its biopsychosocial essence, based on its foundations and properties. The substantiation and implementation of the RHR constitutes the meaningful and constructive basis of the Chel, which defines the essence and foundations and properties of the essence of a person /OSCH/ and forms specific ideas about the ZhN and VP and the tasks of existence that implement them. The main elements of RHR are human SP and RS with justification of its spheres and levels. In turn, RS is divided into CB and SR, which also need to be defined, studied and specified. An essential characteristic and the most important condition for RHR is its ontogeny, which must be defined and implemented according to its elements and levels in the interaction of a person with society and nature. The latter, in turn, should be substantiated, structured and linked to each other in the context of the implementation of the VL. The above is a significant material in terms of volume and complexity, for the study and practical use of which it is necessary to form the theoretical basis of the human PSP system. The theory is called upon to substantiate its content and organization, the most important mechanisms and fundamental moments of implementation, its special and applied aspects. Due to the great complexity of the PSP system and the difficulties of its implementation, applied and technological, individual and social, natural and environmental and problematic aspects of the implementation of the PSP should be identified and considered, and sketch diagrams, algorithms and auxiliary tools should be formed. Of course, the PSP system, as the basis of Chel, must be scientifically substantiated and, together with Chel, integrated into the system of humanitarian knowledge and correlated with other disciplines of the humanitarian sphere and forms of public consciousness. For the purpose of the most objective interpretation and optimal implementation of the PSP system, it is advisable to consider it in the context of the development of man, society and the civilization of the Earth as a whole.

Looking ahead, we will note and slightly reveal the fundamental points of the PSP that are outlined above and make up its reasonable basis - the need and usefulness of increasing the level of SOC and rationalizing the production and use of human FRE. They define the most important criteria for human actions, which are organized in the individual life cycle /LIC/ and are implemented in the individual economy of life /ILI/. To some extent, depending on age and reasonableness, they are expressed in the minds of every person who, without even knowing about them, organizes his strategic behavior through the ILI and, through the ILI, operational. The degree of severity and organization of the LCI determines the nature of its SI, respectively, through the ILI, the human SR is carried out and the optimization of the production and use of the LRE is achieved. ILI, like ILI, are derivatives of a person's rationality and should be formed as early as possible, helping him to realize and realize ZhN and forming the basis of his upbringing and education. A positive basis for increasing the natural conformity of people's behavior is the WL in the rationalization of metabolism and information with the outside world, the normalization of life rhythms and cycles, the provision of motor and intellectual activity, the strengthening and unity of the spirit and body, the increase in the production and rationalization of the use of WRE, the development and increase in the effectiveness of SR, expansion and normalization of NE, self-preservation and procreation, unity with people and nature and improvement of the species. In the context of optimizing behavior, the most important practical task of Chel is to help people realize and realize all this variety of tasks within the framework of the educational process, taking into account and optimizing their psychophysical needs and functions, organizing behavior in all spheres of existence, providing a full-fledged physical and mental development and education, giving the necessary knowledge, and in case of their insufficiency or in their absence, faith in the best and one's capabilities, forming a reasonable attitude towards people and nature, adequate to their essence and finding its expression in the ideas of ZhN and VP.

1.3. On the freedom and necessity of knowing and realizing the essence of man

1.3.1. On the necessity and interdependence of cognition and realization of the human essence

Each creature in nature has its own tasks and features of their implementation. Getting more complex from the simplest creatures with a relatively short cycle of existence to higher ones with a longer cycle and a complex organization of life, these tasks constitute their specific program of MS and development. Man, as a higher mammal, differs from other creatures on Earth by the presence of intelligence, which allows him to better adapt to a wider range of conditions of existence, to have large FRE and a more perfect organization of life. That is, initially the life of a person is built, like that of other, even the simplest creatures, in accordance with their essence, which, as it were, sets this or that specific set of goals and predetermines the necessary means to achieve them. Following these goals and choosing the means adequate to them determines the higher logic of the existence of the species and determines the degree of its survival. If the ontogenesis of animals proceeds in a closed system with high entropy, and species evolution occurs as a result of mutations and natural selection, then in humans, due to rationality, purposeful optimal development and positive species improvement are possible! Of course, the last factor is not so unambiguous and potential, its speed is small and manifests itself at the level of society, however, its presence allows a person to evolve faster than animals. The actions of the animal are carried out under the control of some program, embedded in the instinct and supplemented by some skills in the process of development, which basically already exists! the necessary information to adapt its existence to the environment. However, this program is closed for optimization and makes it completely helpless in critical situations.

Man is also possessed by instincts, and to a greater extent, the less he is reasonable. Due to its openness and potential ability to search and find the optimal solution, the human mind significantly exceeds the capabilities of animals in terms of adaptation to changing conditions of existence and behavior control, but this superiority is not inherited like an instinct, it is initiated and developed. The mind is not an absolute value, its intellectual component must be developed and trained, like muscles, and for effective use it must be brought to some optimal level and provided with sufficient information. The most important criterion of information used by the mind is its adequacy to the essence of a person and the circumstances of his life, the better qualitatively and more quantitatively information a person has for making optimal decisions, the more effective management and the more reasonable his behavior. Since reasonable is behavior consistent with the essence of a person, and reasonableness is the degree of conformity of the behavior of his essence, a fundamentally necessary and most important condition for optimal management and adequateization of human behavior in the context of MS is SP. It is not difficult to see the commonality of the processes of SP and RS and it is natural to strive for their optimum, realizing this single process from the earliest age of a person and laying its rational organizational and logical foundation for the future. A person must know himself, his essence, in order to effectively self-realize, and this is as obvious as the fact that effective RS is impossible without SP. What has been said is the ABC and logic of intelligent life. However, despite the fact that the interdependence of the SP and the RS is unambiguous, as constituent parts ZhN, this is not yet fully realized by people and is not instilled in children as a vaccine against an unhappy life! ..

So, in order to know how to live, a person needs to know himself and follow his essence, realizing his vitality, however, while this is a theory ... An animal is not able to recognize its vitality, it acts by following direct sensations and instincts. A newborn person behaves in exactly the same way, but as he develops, he gradually begins to realize himself and his vitality, and then follow it. Depending on the age and circumstances of life, it changes, keeping some constant set of actions for self-preservation. In the variable part of life expectancy, the tasks of education, self-realization and procreation are naturally present, accentuating or fading. In the process of solving them, a person develops and interacts with other people and nature, and his WN acquires individual, social and universal components. With the help of the mind, a person is able to realize the measure of the implementation of ZhN according to the degree of usefulness of his actions for development. Acting for the whole species and his VP, a person is extremely useful for all mankind, society and for himself. In this case, he acts adequately to his essence, becomes more reasonable! and develops in a free flow, its FRE tends to the optimum, and space and life expectancy to infinity! Having named them and put them in such a seemingly natural order, it should be noted that the implementation of the vital signs by a person begins, first of all, with MS, during which, including, remember our kids, self-knowledge naturally occurs in games. As soon as a person learns to know in general, approximately at the senior preschool age, one can begin to engage in systematic SP with him, thanks to which he will sooner understand what is necessary and useful for him, for example, earlier professional orientation, regular health improvement and rational interaction with the outside world. .

However, remembering how a child behaves, who, having played too much, can forget about food or other necessity or, having eaten sweets, not want to eat something else, more useful, etc., the need for external control by adults and an indication in acceptable for child's uniform on his life. In fact, the process of upbringing and development of a person should pursue the goals of awareness and implementation of WH, which in terms of RS embodies two of its most important tasks - self-preservation as self-defense and cyclic SW and the formation of vital energy at the expense of external resources and metabolism. And SR, as the realization of vital energy for development and SVR in some activity, in exchange for the results of the work of which a person will receive the necessary resources for optimal SVR and development. SP, the need for which Socrates spoke, and RS for a person are two sides of a single process of releasing his essence in the process of implementing ZhN. The task of each person, knowing himself and remaining himself, is to do what makes up his life and brings enduring joy, what remains in him, making him smarter and improving and harmonizing the body and spirit, which brings him closer to people and normalizes interaction with nature, makes you more free and happy, which helps to form great goals and the desire to live better and longer!

1.3.2. Freedom and the vital necessity of man

It may seem strange that in the process of exercising WH, a person releases his essence and becomes more free. Nevertheless, this is how it is, giving a new understanding of the concept of human freedom. So what is human freedom? First of all, there is no concept - human freedom, but there is freedom of the individual or will, conscience or self-expression. The existing ideas about freedom reflect a variety of approaches to its definition, and in order not to spread our thoughts along the tree, we will look for a semantic or essential support for reasoning. B. Spinoza's position on free necessity deserves attention, as well as his idea that freedom is opposed not to necessity, but to coercion and violence. L. Feuerbach's idea of ​​freedom as a conscious necessity brings us even closer to its objective interpretation. The diversity of views on freedom does not make them so different that they cannot be found in common. It exists and consists in the fact that the definitions of freedom are associated with the restriction of the will or actions of a person. But what limits them? First of all - dependence on the means and conditions of existence. Under the means, first of all, life resources are meant, and under the conditions - the state of the human environment and the nature of his interactions with society and nature. Another factor of human freedom is very important - the level of its development and rationality. It is not difficult to see that the noted dependences of a person are interconnected and correlate with how he is realized individually, in society and nature. Trying to reduce this or that addiction, a person will inevitably encounter others, since they are predetermined by his essence. Acting in accordance with the essence, he will contribute to its best realization, as if freeing the way for his development and improvement of the mind.

In its most general form or ideal, freedom is about the same as perpetual motion machine- it is desirable and seems almost possible to some fanatics, but a serious erudite person knows unequivocally that this is impossible according to the laws of nature. That is, the idea of ​​human freedom is idealized and correlates with its essence. But how is the essence of man connected with his freedom? To make it clearer what we are talking about, let us explain with examples: a bird is a flying creature, a swimming fish, a wolf is a land predator, a hare is a plant rodent, that is, each creature has some natural basis-essence that predetermines the content and form of its existence and sets the program species behavior. It is also known that the behavior of an animal is mainly determined by instincts and controlled by a primitive mind, the role of which in the life of animals increases from lower to higher, but is significantly inferior in its capabilities to the human mind. The more intelligent a being is, the more capable it is of being aware of itself in the surrounding world, less dependent on the means and conditions of existence, and more free! In this reasoning, it is fundamental how a person is aware of himself and how he reduces dependence on resources and living conditions. To be aware of oneself means to understand one's essence and the tasks of existence determined by it and to act adequately. Reducing dependence on resources means producing them in abundance and rationally distributing and using them. However, this is the logic of perfect reason and modern life shows that people's self-consciousness, as well as ideas about their essence, are different and ambiguous, and the production and use of resources is a derivative of their rationality, which is obviously insufficient.

Being a derivative of development and rationality, human self-consciousness has its own measure and levels - from primitive to perfect. The more developed a person is, the less he closes in on himself, like an animal, and the more organically and systematically he is aware of himself in the social and natural continuum. And in this he is helped by the mind, connecting him with the outside world. And how does the mind connect a person with the world of people and nature? Through awareness and organization of the process of implementation of his life. How better man realizes and implements WN, the most important components of which are the provision of resources and the optimization of living conditions in society and nature, the more he is free! But what is the mind and vitality of a person? In general terms, the mind is a means of realizing life and managing human actions to implement it. You can also give the definition of N.M. Amosov: "the mind is an apparatus for managing objects according to the criteria of optimality, through actions with models of the object of control and the subject of the mind." Alas, while people do not have an adequate understanding of their essence and WL - the criteria for optimality - there is a dominant idea of ​​WN as the desire for enrichment and superiority over others, which are akin to the laws of animal life with its egoism and self-interest, the triumph of desires and strength. And this is objective - how people now see their essence and the meaning of life, such is their life. Being relatively comprehensible in its sound, VP consists of two complementary elements: human SP and RS. The latter is an integral system of his SA and SR, which are carried out in the individual and social spheres.

The implementation of life-changing is a very complex process that takes place in time and space, which must be comprehensively and systematically studied and practically consolidated in specific life schemes and mechanisms. The degree of implementation of ZhN is a measure of the rationality and freedom of a person. In the light of ZhN, the question of the possibility of unlimited or absolute freedom of a person loses its meaning because it contradicts its essence. As far as a bird is free in flight, a person can be aware of himself as free and realize himself optimally. The most essential thing in this process is the realization of oneself as an integral integral part a single organism of mankind and the desire to participate in life on an equal footing with all people, freely realizing oneself in a continuous stream of development. And this is capable of realizing and moving a person from the primitivism of animal existence to the free flow of development of his mind! Thus, the freedom of a person is a measure of the implementation of his life in the knowledge and realization of his essence. A person is the freer, the more reasonable he is, the better he knows himself and realizes his essence, which means he realizes ZhN. How closer man to achieve its VP and the better it performs the WN, the more effective the PSP system and the more reasonable and free, more joyful and happier it is! /09.06.07-20.08.09/

1.4. Reasoning about the essence of man and its definition

The absence of a single, accepted by all, idea of ​​the essence of man is the basis for the relative freedom of its interpretation and gives rise to a great variety of statements on this subject, to the point that a person "is not able to comprehend the union of the spirit with the body, but meanwhile - this is a person" - B. Pascal, or that "human nature is the sum of behavior and properties typical of a human as a species, arising from genetic, and not environmental - acquired factors" - F. Fukuyama, or that "human nature does not give us any hint that what human values ​​should be, and therefore the concept of nature does not make any sense" - P. Ehrlich, and, finally, "man has no essence at all" - Ortega y Gasset, from which it follows that the author himself knows what? .. There is no doubt, because it is obvious - in its essence, a person is dual in himself / body and spirit / and outside / biosocial / and this is the first thing to note when thinking about this subject. However, no matter what person we take, we always see something integral and original, constitutionally complete and unfamiliar until the moment when either a word is spoken or an action is performed. And this is the second - a person is united in his aspirations, and the third - he is a mystery until he manifests himself in interaction with the surrounding world of people and nature, of which he is an integral part.

And here it turns out that, being subjectively different, people are objectively similar in the structure of the body and the structure of the psyche, they have a lot from animals, for example, metabolism and instincts, but there is also something that is inherent only to people - mind and spirituality, consciousness and creativity... Such a complex and ambiguous category as the essence /nature/ of a person, manifesting itself at the individual /psychophysical/, social and species-universal levels, becomes more accessible for cognition and understanding if this is done systematically and the starting point is correctly chosen or the basis /beginning/ of the judgment, and neither the blinders of ignorance, nor the prevailing stereotypes, nor the opinions of authorities interfere with thinking. "Nature works by a small number of general principles," said A. Szent-Györgyi. Even without knowing the essence, it is appropriate to talk about a certain natural hereditary basis, the genotype on which a person’s life is built: the constitution of the body and the structure of his body, a certain neuropsychic potential and abilities, and acquired throughout life as a result of interaction with the environment, a set of properties and traits - phenotype. Taken together, this allows us to say that a person is a part of nature and society and develops under the influence of both factors. Recognized by most scientists as a fact, it has apologists for both /panbiologism and pansociologism/, who differently evaluate their roles in human ontogenesis, especially in the formation and determination of his mental abilities.

Apparently, a person should be considered as an element of a multilevel macrosystem of nature and society and as a microsystem of the body and spirit / mind /, which are relatively independent and interdependent subsystems, connected to achieve some life goals. Evaluating a person’s actions as a result of the systemic interaction of his body and spirit with each other and with other people and the surrounding nature according to the criteria of necessity and benefit for the entire system of society and nature, one can come closer to understanding what is behind each action, which predetermined just such a result. , and not any other. Otherwise, the limited perception of the essence of man and the meaning of life through his desires and pleasures, thinking or struggle, faith or existence, or ideas about their absence is not surprising ... But the body is movement and action, metabolism and interaction with the outside world, the formation and distribution of vital energy - these are muscles, the brain and the work they perform - these are internal organs, systems and, necessary for their normal functioning and interaction, substances, energy, information, space and time. Finally, the body is a complex, self-renewing and largely self-governing, self-organizing and permeated with natural and its own internal rhythms, a systemic hierarchical organism, subject to both the waking consciousness and the omnipotent mysterious subconscious.

And the spirit? This non-material, information-energetic, controlling and derivative substance and function, implemented by a part physical body- the brain and nerve fibers, and providing the formation of consciousness. It makes no sense to talk about the primacy of the human spirit and the frailty of the body, just as it is impossible, remaining on a materialistic position, to accept the Divine transmigration of souls ... Rather, the spirit arises in living flesh for its realization in time and space as it develops, making it doubtful to underestimate F Fukuyama of environmental, phenotypic or, in other words, spiritual properties of a person's essence, which are not born with him, but are formed starting from the moment of his socialization. That is, we can talk about the spirit, the mind, as a manifestation of consciousness that complements and transforms the instinct of the animal into a reflex of achieving the goal and a necessary component of the rational essence of man. However, let's finish with the deduction, which leads to detailing and escaping the essence of the issue, and use induction to reach generalizations and approach the definition of the essence of man. Trying to identify the most important processes, factors and components of human life, one cannot ignore the exchange of substances, energy and information with the surrounding world of people and nature (1), the cyclicity and rhythms of life (2), the body and spirit (3), instincts and feelings (4 ), thinking and actions (5), hereditary and environmental factors of ontogenesis and life (6), self-reproduction /SV/ and self-realization /SR/ (7), finally, conscious and connecting, organizing and managing them in the context of awareness and implementation of ZhN self-preservation, procreation and achievement of the VP of improving the type of substance - the mind (8).

Summarizing, we can conclude that a person is an organic active part of nature, capable of SORG and adaptation to changing conditions of life and rationalization of the use of ZhRE, thanks to reason and expediently useful activity. Second, man is a dual being, whose components (body and spirit) are relatively independent, specific and united in the realization and implementation of ZhN. Thirdly, man is a social being, whose life goals are achieved among people, without whom he cannot fully solve the problems of existence. And finally, the fourth, being an organic component of society and nature, a person cannot and should not oppose himself to the world around him and harm himself and others - his WH and VP consist in the awareness of this unity and its implementation in the development and improvement of his kind in harmony with nature! Thus, the essence of a person is a rational and cognizable, cyclic and open self-organizing system of metabolism, energy and information, an organic active part of nature and society, a symbiosis of the body and consciousness with hereditary and environmental features of ontogenesis and life, capable, thanks to the mind and development in less and less contradictory interaction with the surrounding world of people and nature, to the optimal solution of the problems of self-preservation and procreation that make up its life cycle, in a long individual life cycle of improvement to achieve the VP, the time and space of which tend to infinity.

Of course, this definition is very generalized and complex, integrating the components of the triune essence of a person - behind each of his words there are concepts, phenomena or processes, for the understanding, connection and explanation of which it is necessary to involve many sciences - humanitarian and natural. This is very difficult and therefore some very authoritative human researchers limit their vision of its essence to individual elements and aspects or even deny it, and at best they say that scientific data are insufficient to determine it. This can continue for a long time, depriving a person of the semantic support of existence and reasonable life guidelines, dividing him from people and leaving him to the mercy of fate, which is not yet equally favorable to everyone. However, if you manage to delve into its essence, the complexity of the definition is relatively easy to overcome, as well as the spirit and body unite in the awareness and implementation of ZhN! Being an organic part of the surrounding world, it is in the interests of each person to act for rapprochement with him and his development and improvement on the way to achieving the VP of improving the species! It seems that behind the abstract and dry concepts of defining the essence of a person it is difficult to see him alive in movement and development, but it is precisely in this way that in the context of the implementation of the ZhN and the achievement of the VP, it is only possible to manifest and feel one's essence, which the next section is devoted to considering through its foundations and properties.

1.5. Foundations and properties of human essence

Thinking about people whose interests and actions, despite individual differences, are so similar and familiar in the mass, it is impossible to abandon the idea of ​​the existence of a certain basis / basis / of their life, which was confirmed above by the definition of essence. Like the world, the essence of a person has its visible, accessible to many, and hidden properties and patterns, the knowledge of which requires some effort. But, having managed to do this and use very valuable knowledge for your own benefit, you can climb a higher step on the ladder of life leading to joy and happiness. Man is a rational biosocial being, realizing himself in the individual, social and universal spheres of life. Analyzing its most important functions and interactions, one can understand and determine life, rising above the external dissimilarity of people, differences in their temperaments and behavioral characteristics. Touching the essence of a person and, moreover, its definition point to the commonality and unity of the OSSN as a meaningful and meaningful basis of life for all people. This does not make the meaning of life and happiness of people primitively the same due to differences in the genotype and phenotype, but obviously contributes to an increase in their commonality and unity for the benefit of all or the improvement of the species. The study of the foundations and properties that make up the essence of a person is necessary not only in order to live well and be healthy, which is valuable in itself, because he has one life, but to live better, smarter and more organized, developing and improving, striving together with everyone people to achieve VP on Earth and in the universe.

1.5.1. The exchange of substances, energy and information of a person as the basis of his unity with nature and community with people

The exchange of matter, energy and information is the most important foundation of the essence of man, since the processes of exchange underlie life and its importance for man can hardly be overestimated. Thanks to the metabolism / metabolism /, the body reproduces and forms the energy of movement and action, and information exchange is vital for realizing the potential of intelligence in managing the process of functioning of the body, adapting a person to changing conditions of life and development in the surrounding world of people and nature. Metabolism, energy and information / OVEI / realizes the needs of the body and consciousness in the necessary substances and information and provides the human RS. Changing in volume and structure throughout his life, NEIS is one of the most important processes-subsystems of the human life system, associated with the uninterrupted circulation of substances, energy and information in nature. Naturally, two contours of the HEIA are distinguished, which are complex systems: external - between a person, society and nature, and internal - between the internal organs of a person and his consciousness. Thanks to the mind, a person can / although to varying degrees / influence both circuits / manage them / in accordance with his life goals, interests and needs, determined by his development and value orientation. The difference between the real OVEI of a person and the necessary one expresses the measure of his development and reasonableness, as the degree of implementation of the ZhN and the achievement of the VP. At the same time, he is naturally "closer" to the internal contour of the OVEI, which is accompanied by direct sensations. The external circuit falls into the sphere of human interests as it develops and becomes aware of the essence of ongoing processes, or with a decrease in the resource supply of life or a deterioration in the parameters of the environment of its existence.

OVEI is based on the intake of certain substances and information into the body and consciousness and must meet the needs of effective development and solving the problems of human existence in the context of the implementation of life-sustaining, not allowing them to deviate in quantity, composition and purity from vital norms. From this it follows that a reasonable person, adequately realizing his essence, must ensure a balance between the receipt and consumption of substances and information, constantly monitoring and regulating the HEIA. Substances and energy that a person takes in the surrounding nature and from other people and gives back to them in one form or another organically connect a person with them and determine his interaction with the outside world. This allows us to speak of a person as a natural and social phenomenon and as an active and at the same time dependent part of nature and society, which must take this circumstance into account and strive to rationalize interaction with the outside world. As long as people are not born intelligent and knowledgeable, they must be properly educated and taught rational CBEI individually, in society and nature from an early age. In order to normalize development and interaction with people and nature, a person must study and know the basics of HOEI. An important element of the information support of human CVEI is the knowledge of biochemistry and ecology, the logic and algorithms of these processes in both circuits for their optimal organization and management.

Is it necessary to say that starting after the birth of a child outside, that is, being external, carried out by parents and, above all, by the mother as he grows and develops, the processes of organizing and managing OVEI pass to the person himself and are then directly dependent on his development and rationality. As soon as a person is a part of the society, he naturally should strive to optimize interaction with him in the WRE for his own and common benefit, determined in the process of implementing the ZhN. Therefore, probably, it is not necessary to say that the rationalization of the EWEI has not only an individual sound and meaning, but also extends to society and nature, being the material and logical basis for overcoming social injustice and solving environmental problems! .. The task of the human mind is to make it natural and balanced this interaction in the external and internal circuits, providing its expanded CB. In order for the body, consciousness and space of life in the process of CVEI not to be polluted / slagged / in excess of the permissible limits, exceeding which leads to a deterioration in the SV and a decrease in the effectiveness of the SR in one or all of its areas, he must constantly monitor and normalize this process. Normalization and ensuring the purity of the exchange of substances and information between a person, society and the surrounding nature is a vital and most important universal task. It is not easy, but it can be solved thanks to reasonable actions in the context of achieving the VP of a person who recognizes himself as an organic component of nature and society and fully and effectively realizes his specific interests.

1.5.2. Cycles and rhythms of life

Just as CVEI has its phases - intake and consumption, transformation, assimilation of substances and excretion of waste, so all processes in the human life system have certain rhythms, cycles and rates of development associated with natural phenomena, the functioning of the organs and systems of his body and psyche, and solving problems of existence. Sleep and wakefulness, work and rest, excitation and inhibition are manifestations of the rhythmic pendulum underlying a person's life, which is natural to follow in the context of the implementation of his life and find their most favorable combinations. Whatever a person does to organize his life and optimize the WRE, he must take into account the cyclical nature of natural phenomena and individual psychophysical processes. This is important, both for health and for his normal CO and effective MS in all areas of life. Cycles are, of course, life itself, let's remember the rhythm of wakefulness/sleep, and the temporal conditions for the most favorable implementation of its processes. Many people do not even think about them, whether it is breathing and digestion, renewal / metabolism / of their body and movement, just as they are not always aware of the impact of the rhythm of the surrounding life or music. So the rhythms of city life or fast music, as it were, urge / if not drive / a person, and country life and slow music stop, calm, helping to find their natural rhythm of life. In addition, each person is characterized by individual rates of certain life processes and phases. They are associated with hereditary and individual characteristics of neuro-motor-thought processes and with age. The significance of such features is very great and they should not only be taken into account in the process of human SR and SI, but also rationalized.

A person who knows and strives to realize his needs and possibilities to the maximum will naturally include natural, biological and individual rhythms in the sphere of vital interests and, when modeling his life processes, will not only take them into account in all their diversity, but will also try to optimize. Being at the intersection of numerous rhythms and sending many of his needs in accordance with them, a person is also cyclical in solving the problems of his existence, while the duration of his life cycles is a derivative of the significance of the goals and means to achieve them. Obviously, the number and duration of life cycles depend on the degree of human intelligence as the ability to organize and implement the longest possible cycle. This is not difficult to understand if we keep in mind that each cycle has a purpose and objectives, must be prepared and organized, provided with resources and optimally managed. And this is typical both for human life as a whole and for its individual aspects, for example, industrial or commercial. At the same time, the cycles of various processes of human life have their own sub-cycles or built-in cycles that can be repeated many times. The obvious complexity of organizing and managing such complex structures naturally implies their generalization and optimization, which are achieved in a longer cycle and with less losses/costs. Of course, for this you need to be quite reasonable and organized, know the whole process well and strive to optimize it, which is not easy and not everyone can do it.

Turning to human life, it should be noted that short life cycles realize close goals / these are cycles of luck / and, as a rule, do not require very much effort, - accordingly, their results and benefits are not so significant. Following one after another, they give the diversity so desired by many, creating the appearance of a semantic filling of life, but do not ensure the development and improvement of a person, including in interaction with society, without which his life loses its true meaning. Achieving the VP involves a single life cycle, the purpose of which is the knowledge and realization of the essence of a person in order to improve his appearance. Under a single cycle is meant the whole life of a person, which he subordinates to the implementation of ZhN in achieving the VP. One can point to a certain and very deep dependence associated with the duration of a person's life cycle: a short life cycle is the path of SA and the degeneration of a person, a long one is the path of improvement and immortality...

1.5.3. Instincts and desires, needs and actions of a person

Philo/anthropogenesis and evolution have made man what he is - a mammal with instincts and intelligence, needs and actions, retaining much of what is characteristic of his "smaller brothers" - animals. Instincts as complex unconditioned reflexes are characteristic not only of mammals, but also of insects, manifesting themselves in ants and bees in rather complex social forms. Instincts are inherited, making it possible for an individual to survive under certain conditions, however, when the latter change, unpredictable consequences are possible. Instincts are formed by natural selection for a long time and gradually - some of them were formed a very long time ago, even in the monkey state of man and manifest themselves accordingly, let us recall the animal fear when the legs are taken away and the tongue goes numb. Unlike animals, people are able to control their instincts, which does not mean that they can completely control them ... Instincts manifest themselves at different levels, as if automatically turning on and acting through emotions when a certain situation arises. Illogical and explainable from the standpoint of reason, the instinctive motivation of behavior in modern conditions is not always adequate, entering into conflict with the tasks of human existence. Alas, the mind of an ordinary person is not able to know what is in the depths of his subconscious, and cannot change his instincts, unless, in some cases, he may not obey them, but this requires high reflection. At the middle level of the subconscious /traditions, habits/ a person can already intervene and change these programs to one degree or another. The real picture of people's behavior is complicated not only by the presence in their minds, as it were, of two "Selves" and the interweaving of instinctive and rational motives, but sometimes by several innate and even contradictory programs for the same case that arose at different times. The latter greatly complicates the motivation of human actions, but thanks to reason and natural pedagogy, it can be gradually rationalized.

First of all, this implies a systematic approach to the analysis of human motives and actions, among which are external, determined by the phenotype, and internal - instinctive needs and desires. Both of them can be necessary and useful for a person to varying degrees and are not always and completely realized by him. With the obvious variety of desires and needs, individual ones are naturally distinguished - physiological and mental, social and universal, which form the motivation of his actions in a big way. Thinking about instincts, it is natural to compare a person with an animal and associate the laws of their existence, while if the animal unambiguously follows instinct, then a person, with the help of his mind, is able to analyze his desires and act according to necessity and benefit! However, this does not mean that people realize this ability, on the contrary, many people also cultivate pleasures associated with instincts, remember the so-called basic instinct ... An instinct encourages a person to move, remember how mobile children are and how important it is for an adult to move more .. Movement and action for a person is not so much a way of displaying activity and a condition for achieving a certain goal, but its very essence. Only in motion can he self-preserve and self-realize, motion is the most important condition for development and a component of the essence and vitality of a person. Indeed, if a person does not move and a muscle does not work, it gradually weakens; if a person’s thought and memory do not work, they weaken and become dull. "Both the body and the mind require constant activity. If we do not do this, we lose them," said Paul S. Bragg.

If a person moves a lot and purposefully, his movements become more precise, perfect and beautiful. In this sense, the movements of athletes, dancers, and finally, mobile people are indicative. Can't give it of great importance, but a beautiful movement is not only valuable in itself and pleases the eye, it is optimal. At the same time, it makes sense to talk about individual coordination and beauty of movements and about social, as well-organized and optimal mutual movements - interactions of people that are derivatives of their rationality. However, something else is more important: the amount of movement - necessary condition health of the human body, its bone and ligament apparatus, joints and muscles. If a person sits or lies a lot, this will not only affect the beauty of his movements, but also make them very difficult due to probable diseases. However, the movement and the action realized through it cannot and should not be continuous and too long, because a person is a creature with a certain rhythm of life, which predetermines the need for alternation of work and rest, and the level of vital energy, on which the duration of his efforts depends. In order to ensure self-preservation and expanded SI of a person, his psychophysical potential should not be below a certain value. From this it follows that the minimum required rate of human movement is a set of actions for the administration of vital needs plus regular efforts for recovery, which should ensure the normal functioning of the body and consciousness and maintain the maximum level of efficiency.

Movements / actions / require energy, and in order to move optimally, a person must expend, on the one hand, the energy of the mind - to realize the ZhN, select goals and optimal ways and means to achieve them, and on the other hand, the energy of the body to implement them. It follows from this that action is not only the result of the work of muscles, but also of the brain, that is, a psychophysical act, and to act for a person means not just moving in space yourself or moving other bodies, but also acting on them with a specific purpose. At the same time, in order to prevent the degradation of the intellect and muscles - SO, they must act constantly and purposefully not to the detriment of a person and the world around him, ensuring his natural development, free self-realization and improvement. To ensure his self-preservation and SVR, a person must effectively self-actualize and this predetermines the need for his conscious and effective actions in the SVR. The labor activity of the brain and muscles, which, upon reaching a certain level of load, develop, and, with sufficient frequency and intensity, are improved, is the most important process during which training and an increase in the psychophysical potential of a person and an increase in his life opportunities take place. Thanks to labor, resource and energy needs are provided and the most important tasks of a reasonable existence of a person are realized - development and improvement, the basis for improving the person himself and his life. So, movement, action and labor are the life of man. Depending on the rationality and individual activity, he implements it and, to the extent of understanding his own usefulness, controls the instincts, strengthens or loses health, acts more or less expediently, and in one way or another realizes and expresses himself. A reasonable person must act in the direction of achieving the VP and be in constant motion, striving for the knowledge and realization of his essence in harmony with the surrounding world of people and nature.

1.5.4. Unity of body and spirit. Mind, vitality and the benefit of man

Despite the fact that man, being a mammal, lives primarily with his body, in which, as if by themselves, metabolism and the formation of vital energy take place, his development and solution of the problems of existence cannot be optimal without the participation of the spirit-mind. As noted above, a person should be considered systematically in the interaction of the spirit and the body, and neither one nor the other should be neglected. At the same time, the awareness of the unity of the mind and body and the achievement of their harmony is the prerogative of the mind, because only it is capable of cognizing and realizing the dual essence of a person in life in order to achieve the VP, and this is the potential possibility of realizing the primacy of the mind over the body or animal nature. To better understand, let's take a closer look at this. The body is a material carrier-substance of life and mind, a means of producing the energy of life and the SW of a person. It generates desires and forms strength, everything in it is interconnected and coordinated and, it seems, nothing more is needed, but it is not capable of judging its essence and the tasks and their usefulness determined by it ... And yet, is it possible to have a positive existence and development of the body, its organs and systems without external control? Perhaps, but if a number of conditions are met: the circumstances of his life are favorable, he regularly receives everything necessary, instincts and physiological functions, functions and needs are realized freely in all their diversity ... And here the vitality of managing this complex body system to achieve it is very clearly manifested. more useful in organizing and providing resources, normalizing functions and functions and adapting it to changing and not always favorable conditions of existence in the surrounding world of people and nature!

A person can exist in the most incredible conditions, but in order to develop freely and live better, he must act in accordance with his essence with the maximum benefit. At the same time, it is not the body, no matter how self-organized it may be, but it is the mind-spirit that is able to evaluate and optimize the living conditions and resource aspects of human existence and positively influence its development. Achieving the unity of the body and spirit, the integrity, systemic nature of a person and balancing his vital functions is one of the most important goals of the life system and is a derivative of his rationality and development. As everything in nature strives for balance and perfection, so in human life the body and spirit, physiologically interconnected and relatively independent in their manifestation, naturally combine in achieving life goals determined by its usefulness. According to the logic of things, having to control the body, the mind often yields to its desires or goes "on the lead" with it, and this despite the fact that / "the flesh is stupid" - P. Bragg /. As far as a person is reasonable and natural, so much his spirit owns the body, and the body is subordinate to the mind in the context of SORG. When different beginnings are connected in achieving a single goal, some unifying holistic basis is needed. Such a basis is the WN, which is realized by the mind of a person in the process of his SP and RS. Obviously, in order to achieve harmony of spirit and body, a person must become the master of himself and his ZhRE. To do this, he must know what he has, and objectively taking into account the individual, social and natural factors of his life, form such goals, choose such means and spend so many such and such FRE so that his body and spirit act as a single, organized whole - system harmoniously complementing each other.

The realization of the integrity of a person is the process of comprehending and expressing his essence in interaction with the surrounding world of people and nature, which finds spiritual expression in the VP and material in the ZhN. By exercising WL, a person must self-preserve and reproduce, develop and improve, correlating his interests and actions with other people. Of course, it would be naive to believe and expect that, wishing to combine different beginnings of life, even armed with science and realizing the potential of rationality, a person will be able to easily rationalize his natural needs and ensure, in the words of F. Dostoevsky, the complete victory of the spirit over the flesh, as this / and at what cost? / Alei managed to get it from "Notes from the Dead House". The inclinations of the flesh and the irresistible power of instincts and desires, the primitivization of behavior and stereotypes of thinking will prevent a person from doing this for a long time, replacing the true with an imaginary one, captivating with sensations of acute and often dubious pleasures, mirages of happiness and surrogates of life values, causing his self-alienation. Achieving unity, not to mention harmony, of spirit and body is not even difficult, but extremely difficult, and it cost people a lot of effort and sacrifice in the past and will require even more from them in the future. But now people do not need, like the freedom-loving Aley, to escape from captivity, although one can look at modern life in this way - they should strive to release their natural essence, which will become possible if, gradually realizing their benefit in achieving the VP, they want it to achieve in life and for this they will need not large external resources and power, but a huge internal energy of development, improvement and unity with the world ... Thus, the unity of the body and spirit is the most important natural prerequisite and property of the essence of man, which he must know with the spirit -mind and under its control can realize the body in optimal interaction with the outside world.

As noted above, movement and action for a person is a necessary psychophysical act, and moving and acting is not just moving, but doing it with a specific, reasonable purpose. At the same time, in order not to get into a situation where "A bad head does not give rest to the legs" - / Rus. pog./, it is necessary to optimally choose life goals and guidelines, adequately realizing one’s vitality and objectively realizing one’s benefit, and this is the task of the human mind. Note that the manifestation of reason or rationality is not only a property that distinguishes a person from an animal, but also a formed quality that allows him to better realize himself individually and in society, develop and improve, determines his own human spiritual principle and advantage over animals. ... If a newborn is practically devoid of reason and his behavior is determined by instincts, then gradually, as socialization, depending on education and development, its quantity and quality increase. At the same time, the quantity or general potential and quality of the mind are relative and potential categories, that is, the mind can work/not work or work better/worse if it is not supported by the development and all life practice of a person at an optimal working level. In terms of the concept of "mind", it is often replaced by other concepts - mind, reason, intellect, etc., which makes it ambiguous and lax, suggesting clarification and definition.

Of course, reason is not only a person's ability to think and rationally cognize and comprehend what is happening, as encyclopedias interpret it and which corresponds to intelligence. Reason is also the ability to form metaphysical ideas, standing above reason, remember Kant, and like Hegel, the creation of new knowledge. Reason is both the highest principle and essence /panlogism/, the basis of knowledge and behavior of people /rationalism/. Finally, obviously, the mind is a mental principle, the basis on which human behavior is built, and can be correlated with his spirit, consciousness. All this is true, but if you don’t find something in the mind that can be justified and determined, which means that it can be used for the benefit of a person, then all these arguments, like the sea of ​​verbiage about it in philosophy and philosophical anthropology, in particular, - worthless. Intelligence is the most important property of a person, which makes him unique among all living beings on Earth and allows him to know the world and himself. Reason endows a person with the ability to choose a direction optimal development and improvement of himself and his internal and external interactions with the surrounding world of people and nature as a system. This ability to see systematically and to consciously improve oneself and one's species through the rationalization of the concept of vitality and usefulness is peculiar only to humans and fundamentally distinguishes them from animals! But, just as the human body needs a certain norm of movement, and for the implementation of the movement itself - energy, so for the effective operation of the intellectual component of the mind, its earlier inclusion in the child, regular training, improvement and sufficient information are necessary! At the same time, it should be taken into account that the process of implementing rationality must be motivated and requires efforts, which are based on the internal energy of life, RS and human development.

Intelligence, as a potential ability of a person to adapt to changing living conditions and controlled development, singled him out of the animal world and through a huge amount of trial and error brought him to a new stage of its manifestation - systemic knowledge and realization of one's essence in harmony of body and spirit, community and unity with the surrounding world of people and nature. However, just as a person’s ability to adapt is potential and not all people exercise it equally well, so the knowledge and realization of one’s essence is not carried out by people as unambiguously as they are driven by instincts. By the way, just as in the human body there are many disharmony noted by I. Mechnikov and at least 90 rudiments and atavisms, which are evidence of its difficult evolution, and by no means the providence of God, so the instincts that were formed at different times are not all expedient and, spontaneously turning on under certain circumstances and acting through emotions, they can denormalize his vital functions and go beyond common sense. Reason is able to help a person form life goals and values ​​that are adequate to his essence, but they are not only outside, like animals have life resources, but also inside a person, in his mind and body, as a manifestation of the potential for development and improvement. They cannot be satisfied economically, even if social justice triumphs, because they are derivatives of a person's rationality, the measure of which is the adequacy of his essence, the optimal organization and management of individual actions and interaction with the outside world. ZhRE, the struggle for which so far predetermines the most important aspirations of people, in the context of achieving the EaP is not the main goal, being only a necessary condition of life. Thus, the mind is a means of systemic adaptation of a person's behavior to his essence or SORG, reasonable behavior is consistent with the essence and vitality of a person, aimed at achieving VP, optimally controlled behavior, and reasonableness is the degree of conformity of the behavior of his essence.

It turns out that reasonable is a person's life, consistent with his essence, organized and expressing his VP! The better and systematically a person learns and realizes! its essence, the more it is reasonable and the greater in the first approximation is the advantage of the mind over the body and instincts and of man over animals. The history of human development from the Pithecanthropus to the Cro-Magnon is the accumulation of the potential of rationality in the process of survival and more and more vital and useful, expedient and consistent behavior from the simplest forms of SORG and management, self-preservation and ST, to modern very diverse forms of individual and social life of a person. The ideal expression of a person's rationality is the idea of ​​his EP, and its practical interpretation is the VP of organizing life and rationalizing the WRE in an individual-socio-natural continuum to ensure its effective development. The development of the mind and the rationalization of human behavior should begin from a very early age, helping him to realize and implement WN as the main goal of his upbringing, education and development, and gradually bring VP closer as the ideal of life. The most important thing in human life and this is the task of a mature mind - to realize its uniqueness and originality. But, realizing this, we must take into account that a person is an organic part of society and nature, and in order to live well and fulfill life, he must find the harmony of existence in the world around him. This task, like the striving for absolute truth, will gradually take over human mind, promising a brilliant prospect for the development and improvement of the Earth's civilization.

1.5.5. The sociality of a person as immanent in his essence and formed quality

Man is an organic part of society and nature, and his community with other people and the world around him is objective and vital. I.I. Mechnikov, speaking about the social instinct of a person, "which was formed relatively recently and manifests itself in the form of religious faith and patriotism, the common interests of people and their solidarity," noted that "for its implementation, many modern customs and aspirations that seem so firmly established will have to be changed, that it will take a long and hard effort." The vector of community with people and unity with nature formed after the birth of a person is one of the most important, if not fundamental, life foundations, the neglect of which or non-adherence to which is unnatural, harmful and dangerous for a person to leave the system of intelligent life. celebration negative energy self-interest and achieving superiority over others, unreasonable and transient along with thoughtlessness, leads to the fact that a person does not provide the necessary for normal life balance of the private and the general, dissociating "outside" and self-alienating "in itself". Being born as an animal, a person can remain one if he does not socialize and become intelligent enough to perceive and reflect himself as a dependent and equal part of the whole-community with others. The ability for a conscious and rationally fair organization of life is the very thing that distinguishes even an imperfect human society from an anthill or a bee colony. You can say that the animal is me, and a reasonable person is us! And the private and the general are antagonistic insofar as the spirit and body of a person are contradictory and people are divided among themselves, doing not what is necessary and useful.

But who or what is capable of realizing this and not bringing it to opposition, if not the mind of man? Its immanent essences, the achievement of community with people and unity with nature determine, as noted above, determine the boundaries of its freedom and the need for SP and RS in society by improving the SORG and rationalizing the external contour of interactions. Numerous diseases, social and environmental problems indicate that people are still very far from understanding and, moreover, rationalizing the system of man-society-nature. A person from birth largely depends on other people, and therefore selfish opposition of oneself to other people is unnatural and unreasonable, and in its extreme degree - criminal, which is followed not by any other punishment, but by excommunication from people - imprisonment. Individual and social aspects of behavior are naturally interconnected, reflecting the dual nature of a person, however, this does not mean that it is easy and simple to find the optimum between them. Addressing this problem from the side of human essence allows us to see the roots of egoism and altruism and talk about them as extremes, correlating with the ethical categories of evil and good. Mine and benefit, common and benefit - the most important positioning of a person, which is supported from the general side by morality, and from the private side - by law. The difference between them is the essence of the duality of human behavior, reflecting, remember B. Pascal, the seemingly insoluble contradiction between his body and spirit - it is the greater, the less a person is reasonable and social. On the contrary, the more reasonable and natural a person is, the more natural he is and the less contradictory his spirit and body are.

The ideal of human rationality consists in overcoming the separation of the body and spirit through the elevation of the spirit in its striving for harmony with the body and through it with the world. Ideas about the particular and the general to a large extent form the content of life human values, defining his attitude to life resources and nature and society-community and predetermining the forms of organization of his individual and social life. As self-knowledge progresses, the ratio of the particular and the general will change in the minds of people in accordance with the ideas of their necessity and - not benefit, but benefit, which will gradually be idealized to the VP. The latter will indicate to people the very optimum, the achievement of which will nullify or smooth out the contradiction between the particular and the general. Achieving this optimum is real, since it corresponds to a person's vital capacity and brings it closer to the general or VP. So, what is the basis of the general and the particular? As soon as the bearer of both is a person, he, when it is necessary and useful for him, individualizes or strives for community with people adequately to his essence. In the last statement - the moment of truth - in order for a person to realize the necessity and usefulness of something, he must do it with his mind, and the antagonism between the particular and the general arises when it is insufficient. The problem of differences and commonality of people exists insofar as they are useful or harmful, and not beneficial, and the criterion of usefulness and necessity is the degree of conformity of their essence.

Thus, the basis of the general and the particular is their essence, and the measure of the differences and commonality of people is the degree of its cognition and realization, or their reasonableness. A perfect mind is capable of overcoming the selfishness of superiority, fraught with disunity and injustice, and achieving harmony in the unity of man and society, society and nature as a single organism. The desire for communion with people and unity with nature is a natural continuation and reflection of the global process of integrating spirit and body, man and the surrounding world into a single system. A person should approach the solution of this great universal task gradually, knowing and realizing himself in interaction with society and nature and realizing his VP. It is important to realize that it is unacceptable to force it, being a derivative of a person's rationality, it must become a life-sustaining task for him and be provided with the necessary means and resources. Achieving communion with people and unity with human nature should be taught from childhood in the canvas general education and PSP before any specialization or career guidance. The ultimate and optimal expression of community with people and the unity of man with nature is the realization and implementation of the social and species components of SR and the rationalization of its SR. Awareness and realization of this foundation of human essence will help to gradually reduce and then minimize interhuman confrontation and contradictions and harmonize the interaction between man and nature.

1.5.6. Self-reproduction /SV/ and self-realization /SR/ of a person

In order to survive and develop or, in other words, to realize the essence, a person must preserve and protect himself, continuously renew or implement SP, and self-actualize in order to regularly replenish his FRE. The processes of self-preservation and human SR, naturally interconnected, have their own specifics - the task of self-preservation, which is relevant for any living being, as it were, contains CV, which, along with self-defense and SR, actually implements it. Determining the basis of human self-preservation, the SV is based on the HCEI and interaction with the outside world, predetermining its attitude to the FRE and the nature of their production, distribution and use. That is, FRE can be found in nature and produced, obtained from other people in the order of the exchange of the products of their labor - some people take them by force or by deceit from other people. The nature and characteristics of their SA and value orientation, development and interaction with the outside world, and ultimately RS, depend on how people form their WRE. Gathering and subsistence farming simplify and limit a person's life to what nature gives him - as a result, his SV and self-preservation are primitivized. The criminal ability to appropriate someone else's property or take it in nature without the necessary compensation also distorts and primitivizes a person's life because it is unnatural and destructive. The capitalist race for profits and competition with their stresses and crises cause SA and RO of people, denormalizing development and SA and reducing the effectiveness of solving the problem of self-preservation. Correlating the SV and the development of a person, it is natural to connect them with his rationality, which predetermines and also connects the material and energy processes of the individual SV and similar processes of society.

An increase in a person's life potential, rapprochement and unity with other people and nature in the context of a positive species-specific SR determine the content of a normal, adequate essence and VP, method of CB. At the same time, the normal SV should be expanded, because the need for procreation, development and improvement of a person in the context of solving the problem of improving the species implies a continuous increase in the volume of FRE. The latter can really be imagined as a kind of individual capital, which it is advisable for a person to invest in the improvement, development and improvement of oneself and interaction with the surrounding world of people and nature to ensure Normal / ensuring self-preservation and effective SR / Extended / necessary for development, improvement and procreation / CB or NRW. In this regard, the state of the human body and his psyche, the material and cultural environment of his life acquires special significance, since in the process of NRSV they cannot be freely replaced, but they need to be developed and improved ... And this is what contributes to MS, implementation of its WH and achievement of the VP. Thus, in order to ensure self-preservation and NRSV, a person must develop and improve himself, society and its interaction with the environment adequately to its essence, but not only. Every reasonable person strives for effective SR and free SVR and creativity, and this is natural, as well as the fact that being a part of society, he always does this for someone, often without realizing it.

No matter how personal, abstract and transcendent it may be, in the SVR a person asserts himself in society and this serves as a confirmation of his sociality or community. That is, in addition to the individual, the SR of a person also has a social component. Their implementation is aimed primarily at achieving a balanced and universally significant SVR, which expresses not only the individual interests and capabilities of a person, but also universal, and therefore the most important interests of each person, determined by his VP. Human SR is a complex multilevel process that must be positively motivated and rationally organized. above / see section 1.2.3/ as an optimizing and organizing tool for improving the efficiency of the SR, the ILI mechanism was mentioned, which, in combination with the LCI, forms the logical basis of the PSP. It is important to imagine that a person's SR is not reduced only to his optimal SVR, it is also a rational SRG, the production and use of FRE, a balanced interaction with people and nature, and much more. That is, it is not enough to create a masterpiece of art, science, engineering or to do something outstanding, remember genius and villainy - it must be vital for the optimal development of a person, so that the result of SVR and SR contributes to his HPS, which means health, development and consistent interaction with the outside world and ultimately pleased not only the creator and his admirers, but was useful to everyone! And even more so, he did not cause even indirect harm to anyone, neither now, nor in a hundred years ... The task of self-preservation and the SV and SR implementing it are the most important components of the RS, a component of a person's life, the nature of the implementation of which reflects the level of rationality and development achieved by him.

1.5.7. Human development and procreation / life /

Development, as a positive result of continuous and expedient EIA and actions on MS, is the basis and the most important condition for human existence. Without development or in case of violation of its components and conditions, the life cycle of a person is violated, its SA, degradation and even degeneration are possible. Inadequate essences and/or unresourced actions of a person lead to a slowdown or distortion of the direction of his development-ontogenesis, which ideally represents a free and consistent disclosure or RD, the basis of which is NE and SR. Being a derivative of heredity and resource provision, favorable living conditions and human intelligence, ontogeny can have different rates, directions and levels. A low level of development is associated with the primitivization of human behavior and life, the manifestations of which are negative, often stagnant and destructive actions of a person in relation to himself and the surrounding world of people and nature. A high level of development makes a person more perfect, and his needs and actions more adequate to his essence. A low rate of development leads to delays and degradation, too high is also fraught with problems of existence, let's remember geeks, not all of whom achieve success in life. Apparently, it is more reasonable, addressing the essence, to follow its natural rhythm, determined by individual natural originality.

The development of a person implies his expedient efforts in the direction determined by his most important essential interests and capabilities, in other words, the realization of his genotype and favorable external conditions and circumstances. In essence, development is a process of successive release of potential or RS, improvement of the body and consciousness and their harmonization in a single striving for the best self-preservation and SP in interaction with people and nature. That is, development is a process of implementation of human vitality, purposeful and increasingly useful behavior and continuous rationalization of the functioning of all systems of the body and consciousness, subject to effective SR and balanced interaction with the surrounding world of people and nature. Effective development is the general goal of a person's life, to which his individual efforts and interaction with society must be subordinated. Needless to say, for its implementation, on the one hand, health and continuous coordinated work of all systems of the body and consciousness of a person are necessary through the SP, SORG and overcoming SO and RO, rationalization of the ZhRE and optimization of the SVR, and on the other hand, social or mutual assistance of people to each other in what matters to everyone! And how can one not think about education based on Chel! The better a person expresses himself /realizes his essence/, the more reasonable is the ST and the more effective is the SW and the higher is the level of his individual development and the whole society!

However, a person's life is finite, although its duration can vary within fairly significant limits, depending on his understanding of his own benefits and the expediency of efforts to implement the ZhN, but the life of the human race is endless. And every person, if he is reasonable and adequately understands and realizes his nature, must know and fulfill the second task after self-preservation - procreation, which connects the finiteness of the life of an individual person with the infinity of the life of people or their kind in general ... In a person and his kind intersect cyclicity and infinity, expressing the amazing depth of his essence - the less reasonable and perfect a person is, the shorter the cycles of his life and vice versa - the more reasonable he is, the more adequate to his essence and VP goals he forms, the longer his life cycle and his whole life. The continuation of the /life/ of the genus, as the metabolism of the cells of the human body and SV, is a natural process of its development over time. Understanding procreation as a duty or some kind of optional component of life, or even more so, as an undesirable derivative of love and, which is completely abnormal, a hindrance to sex, is wrong and unnatural. It testifies to a person's ignorance of his nature and unreasonable behavior and leads to his SO and RO and the emergence of serious individual and social, primarily demographic problems.

Turning to the realities of developed countries that have reached a high level of economic development, one rarely sees developed and equally perfect relations between people, as well as social processes in general. Natural population growth occurs mainly due to immigration, often representatives of other races and faiths. Relations between the sexes have lost their natural basis and are becoming one of the best and most expensive pleasures. Accordingly, relationships between people are built. The desire for freedom in the free world is brought to the point of perversion, both in the SVR and in relation to procreation. Therefore, people love less and more and more "make love" and the number of so-called same-sex marriages is growing, which do not have a reasonable justification either from an individual or from a social point of view. Unless they fit into the general picture of the cult of pleasures, which make up the meaning of the existence of people of a certain level of development. Of course, in the free world, no one has the right to impose their point of view on others, another thing is to help people understand vital things ... Alas, in order to understand, one must be reasonable, and not free in the choice of pleasures. Reasonable, means - able to understand that you shorten your life with pleasures, that absolute freedom, like absolute truth, is unattainable and is a conscious vitality, the implementation of which is not always associated with pleasures. Finally, the highest pleasure in a person’s life, or what fills it with meaning, is the joy of the positive fulfillment of life in an effort to achieve VP, which, in particular, implies love and family and children, and not their substitution with pleasures, including from having sex with a same-sex partner. They are not born intelligent, but they become, or they do not become ... So, reason is given to a person in order to understand that he has one life and you need to live it in such a way that before death there is something to be proud of, However, you can be proud of anything, and only the mind determines this ...

The attitude towards the continuation of life, as WN, is a reasonable attitude towards life in general, which implies a clear knowledge and consistent implementation of the laws of human nature, because in the continuation of the family, a person must express himself in the best possible way and help his child to do it even better. That is, the continuation of the family expresses the WN of continuous development and improvement, which are the very essence of life and the VP of a person. It results in one of the most important life tasks of a person, which he must solve not before and not after other tasks, but together with them, because this is a natural and organic component of the system of his life. Its implementation should be optimally organized and ensured materially and energetically, informationally and spiritually, being from beginning to end a manifestation and expression of its most important universal human interests, realizing its essence. Procreation is the highest form of a person's SVR and a manifestation of his essence. It should occupy an even more important place in his life than the creative SVR, because in his child every reasonable person must surpass himself! The importance of the task of procreation / life / for a person cannot be overestimated, because it is directly related to the level of his intelligence and awareness of the EAP and should be no less important for him than nutrition, movement and development.

1.5.8. Improvement of man and improvement of the species

A person is an organic part of a community of people and therefore his behavior always combines individual and common interests for two very simple reasons - he is dependent on people, not only when he grows and develops, works or gets sick - he simply cannot do everything necessary for life on his own and, most importantly, he alone is not able to continue and improve life ... Being a part of society, a person should strive not only for consistent, but optimal interaction with him, because this is not only his necessity, but also his benefit. And this brings a person to the realization of his essence, which combines his individual and social manifestations and interests. In human nature there is a great and beautiful, virtuous and motivating beginning - love. Understood not only in relation to a person of the opposite sex, but in a broader sense - in relation to people, to the world, for example, as curiosity and wisdom, it leads him through life, prompting him to continuous movement forward, development and improvement. As long as love is alive in a person, and the stronger it is, the more active and friendly he is, the more joy in his life and the better he wants to be! And this is not a play on words, but a touch on the deep essence and wisdom of human life, which is based on love for oneself and everything that exists and is fueled by the joy of existence and improvement. Appearing into the world, a person obeys the energy of life and development and, to one degree or another, realizes his essence. If everything that he receives from the outside, first of all from his parents, is in accordance with his essence or is vital, he develops normally and consistently realizes himself!

In the endless movement towards the ideal or VP, as absolutely PSP, it is natural for a person to feel his own limitations and imperfections. It is natural to compensate for the lack of knowledge by faith, and loneliness and disunity - by dependence on higher powers or some creative energy. In times of change and life's difficulties, it is so good to feel something great, beautiful and omnipotent above oneself and appeal to it. Religious ideas about God respond to this to a certain extent, helping a person to live a more righteous, moral life and reconcile him with the shortcomings of other people and with existing contradictions and injustice. If a person is reasonable, he loves life and believes in the best, he strives for it and his greatest joy is in self-improvement and doing good to people. Man and his society are in development and pass through certain stages-steps - from the primitive to the perfect. Certain needs and aspirations of a person are adequate to each stage of development, which is clearly seen in the example of a child. Born unreasonable and primitive, he gradually develops and socializes, first becoming spontaneously self-serving, then with age more organized and perfect to the best of his abilities and circumstances of life. As a person develops under normal conditions, a social personality is gradually formed. Needless to say, in adolescence, relationships with peers are very important for a person, and at this age social qualities that are necessary and useful for him are laid. Collective labor socializes a person even more and it becomes more and more unnatural and unreasonable to oppose oneself to society.

Trying to determine the last, most complex and important foundation for a person of his essence, which is also less obvious than rationality or sociality, it is natural to experience the greatest difficulties. The problem is the same as with other OSFS - in the level of human intelligence. The less reasonable he is, which naturally moves him away from people and brings him closer to animals, the less significant for him this knowledge in general and the definition of the highest OSFS, in particular. A primitive man, like an animal, is concerned with survival, and such theories for him are abstract, boring and unnecessary things. If a person's life is survival, and his benefit, or rather benefit, is to capture more vital resources, regardless of other creatures that are competitors for him, he is not interested in his own essence, much less social and universal problems. His mind is asleep, if he has one at all, and a monster lives in him, remember F. Goya ... While a person is in this state, then everything that we are discussing here is superfluous for him, and therefore natural history and natural science have been actively developing for a long time , but weakly - Chel and in general there is no system of human knowledge. Returning to Chel, we note that this is not a sentence, but only a statement of fact: a person and society are in development, people are different in terms of their level of intelligence, and the general level of development of people, unfortunately, leaves much to be desired. Nevertheless, the fact that development is taking place gives hope that over time a person will reach a higher level and then it will not be indifferent to him what he is and how it is better or necessary to behave and what his big, if not the highest, good?

The fact that a person is biosocial does not make him an element of a continuous whole - society, unequivocally dependent on the general. A person is an independent object, relatively dependent on other people, subjectively aware of the need and evaluating the usefulness of interaction with other people, which manifests itself in certain forms of organizing life and relating to its resources. Remembering the duality of human behavior and the contradiction between his body and spirit, as well as between the private and the general, it is appropriate to talk about their dependence on each other and connect the prospects of a person with his development. Needless to say, a person only differs from an animal when he is reasonable and strives for the normalization of OBEI and movement, harmony of spirit and body, and unity with people. And this is his vitality and benefit, which is recognized only by the mind. The better a person cognizes and realizes his essence, the better and more reasonable he becomes and to a greater extent he is aware of himself as an integral part of society, the more his vital interests and goals converge with universal ones. Only by feeling himself a part of society and nature and positively realizing his individuality, rationalizing the production and use of vital resources and optimally continuing the race, that is, doing what constitutes his life, he is able to see his VP in the improvement of the whole species - humanity, as the highest joy of life. . And only development in awareness of oneself as an integral part of the superorganism of mankind and a natural desire to improve one's entire species will fill a person's life with the highest meaning and make him, by and large, reasonable and happy! But why, or maybe for whom, should a person better realize his essence and improve along with all people?

Yes, because he is a person who, unlike an animal, not only adapts to the conditions of existence, but also consciously influences them, striving to improve them. Finally, only a reasonable person is able to realize the uniqueness and uniqueness of his life and the fact that he is an organic part of society and nature and that it is possible to make his life better and longer only by knowing and improving - no, not the world around, but himself in this world ! The more a person realizes that his life is finite, the more he strives to do what is necessary and more useful, and from this he himself and his life become better and want to live longer! The idea of ​​the uniqueness of life is a kind of inoculation of the human mind from laziness, which should protect him from many mistakes. Everything that happens, including in human life, has its own meaning and it must be understood and defined. For a person, the meaning of life is to know its rational basis - its essence and to adequately realize it. Only sensible and happy people can, together in harmony with nature, cognize themselves and realize life, continuing their kind and improving their appearance. And only self-improvement in the awareness of oneself as an organic part of society and nature and the natural desire to improve oneself and all of humanity will fill a person’s life with the highest meaning and make him, by and large, reasonable and happy!

1.6. The highest good of man. Definition and achievement

1.6.1. Mind: the benefit and benefit of man

The concept of "reason", as noted above, is often replaced by other concepts, and this makes it ambiguous. Chel defines the mind as an essential quality of a person and associates it with the SP and RS or WN. The rationality of a person is the ability to cognize and improve himself and his internal and external interactions with the surrounding world of people and nature in the context of his necessity and benefit. The ability to conscious development, as well as to improve oneself and one's species, is characteristic only of a reasonable person and fundamentally distinguishes it from animals. As for the mind, intellect or thinking, these are associated or included concepts of the mind, which constitute the elements of its set, considered in other contexts and not overlapping it even taken together. Due to its potential ability to determine and achieve greater benefits, the human mind significantly exceeds the capabilities of animals in terms of the degree of adaptation to changing conditions of existence and behavior management, but this superiority is not transmitted at birth, like an instinct, - it is initiated and developed in the process of human socialization, including, and in interaction with instincts. The mind is not an absolute value, it must be developed and trained in solving increasingly complex problems, and for effective use it must be provided with information about the usefulness of a particular action, which must be adequate to the essence of a person and the circumstances of his life. The more and more reliable information about his essence a person has, the more factors of his life he takes into account for his own benefit and the closer to reality he models, the more reasonable his behavior is. Since reasonable is behavior consistent with the essence of a person, then reasonableness is the degree of conformity of a person’s behavior to his essence!

To better understand what the mind and rationality of a person is, let's think about why a person needs it and how it manifests itself? Having risen above nature, man, as a higher mammal, retained his animal nature, which is largely determined by metabolism and instincts. Metabolism physiologically connects man with nature and predetermines the most important spheres and forms of his interactions. Like other mammals, the human physiological sphere functions almost autonomously, obeying instincts and being dependent primarily on external conditions and resources. However, unlike animals, man, as a creature with a more developed and complex social organization, thanks to his mind, is able to better adapt to external conditions and optimize the WRE, organize himself individually and balance his interactions with society and nature to improve his development and reproduction. To what extent are optimal SORGs and external human interactions possible, and what is this optimum? Maybe in their consistency with each other and with the outside world, or in their conformity to the essence and usefulness for a person!? But why in this, in not something else? Is it not because these are the components of a person's WN, determined by his essence, which his mind is able to recognize and determine. If reasonable is an adequate essence, organized and expressing its benefit, the life of a person, then the better a person learns and realizes! his essence, the more reasonable he is and the better himself and his life, the greater in the first approximation is the advantage of the mind over the body and man over the animal. This, in fact, in the most general form shows what reason is for a person and how it manifests itself. The definition of "reasonable man" does not mean that all people from birth to death are equally reasonable and nothing needs to be done to increase rationality - it is collectively and potentially and people, especially in childhood and adolescence, should develop their mind.

What can induce the mind of a person to develop, if he is not aware of the life expectancy and the usefulness of one or another of his vital functions or actions/interactions? Indeed, a positive basis for increasing the rationality of people's behavior is their vitality and the usefulness of the rationalization of the HEIA with the outside world, the normalization of life rhythms and cycles, the provision of motor activity and the strengthening and unity of the spirit and body, the increase in production and rationalization of the use of the vital energy, the development and improvement, continuation kind and unity with people and nature. The most important practical task of the human mind is to realize and implement all this variety of tasks in the context of achieving EP, taking into account and optimizing the needs of the body and spirit, organizing behavior in all spheres of life and ensuring free and harmonious physical and mental development in harmony with people and nature. To better understand this, imagine a child. Before birth and in the newborn period, the child is unreasonable - he is driven by instincts, that is, he is not aware of himself and WN. First, desires and feelings wake up in him - he tells about them and his inconveniences by crying, then he begins to react to the emotions of those around him, and as he shows love for himself, he "achieve" the fulfillment of his desires. It can be stated that the first manifestations of the mind are the provision of satisfaction of physiological needs. Normally, a child should receive and do what, when and as much as, when and how much he needs! Due to the weakness of the mind, he is not able to determine his need and benefit, this is the prerogative of adults, and the task of external control of the behavior / education / of the child is to help him do what is vital and useful for his free and effective development! That is, already at an early age, the child should be given and gradually expand the idea of ​​VP and help in its implementation, bringing closer the awareness of the EP of a person or the solution of his specific tasks. Thus, the development and upbringing of the child should pursue the goal of realizing the WN, and he himself / and help him in this is the task of educators / should strive for the same goal, straining his mind in determining and achieving his greatest benefit ...

And such is the formula for the upbringing and development of a reasonable person! Proceeding from the fact that the cardinal manifestations of a person's rationality are the SORG and the rationalization of the WRE in the individual-socio-natural continuum for the implementation of his ZhN, actions in this direction are the substantive basis for the development of his mind. At the same time, the ideal semantic support of a person’s mind, on which the processes of his SP and RS that make up the VP, should be built, is the VP. However, at present, there are big differences in development and intelligence between people, which can become a serious obstacle for many in mastering this material, therefore it is necessary to differentiate and compensate for these differences, which is very difficult, but possible. In this context, the question is natural: is it possible to determine the degree of human intelligence? Of course, it is possible, only reasonableness is not reduced to an assessment of intelligence, remember IQ, and its components, being wider and including goals and algorithms for their achievement by a person. The most common reflection of a person's rationality is the degree of adequacy of ideas about the benefits and benefits / flesh to VP / of his essence. At the same time, looking at modern life, it is easy to see that it is built mainly on profit - for people, money and a higher position, pleasure and consumption are more valuable. Unfortunately, what is useful - the effective development and improvement of a person, the rationalization of economic and social relations - is somewhere beyond the horizon, probably because it requires the efforts of the mind, and most importantly, it does not provide benefits, preferably greater and faster .. That is, in practice, there is a process of achieving ever greater private benefits and the accumulation of private funds, and the task of achieving the benefit of all people remains in the shadows - as a result, old ones are reproduced again and again and new, serious problems of their existence arise, for example, demographic, migration.

Capitalism, with its ideals of consumption and the elements of the market, is based on the mastery of external resources /money, power/. The energy of enrichment, the power of self-interest and the sweetness of consumption triumph over life and the benefit of people, and they are divided. Looking for their own benefit outside, they are not aware of their benefit - the organization of their life and the use of resources and energy are irrational, their own development and improvement are insufficient ... That is, another criterion base for reasonableness is the levels of SORG and rationalization of the WRE, which is supplemented by the characteristics of NE and Human SR. We can talk about a whole system of assessing rationality and determining its levels, which can be built on the basis of cognition and realization of its essence. At the same time, rationality is naturally connected with the general development of a person and, starting from his birth, gradually increases. Needless to say, in such a context, a system of increasing intelligence should be built, and according to one or another criteria, compensation for differences in people's levels of intelligence, which was mentioned above. Having defined the essence of a person above, we have thus prepared an appropriate interpretation of his VP and a fundamental assessment of rationality, which integrates the knowledge and implementation of the SSCH for its development and solving the most important problems of existence - self-preservation, procreation and improvement of the species. The last task, which is the quintessence of intelligent life and yet eludes man, expresses the general purpose of his existence, the very essence of the VP and determines the highest level of rationality. /26.12.11/

1.6.2. Definition of human VP

The concept of VP has such a capacious meaning, accessible in terms of sound and meaning for people to understand, that it seems that it does not require a more rigorous definition of its content. Indeed, the use of the phrase VP already at the very beginning of the work made it possible to discuss the most important life problems of a person. However, in order to eliminate its ambiguity and fuzziness, to increase concreteness and constructiveness, it is necessary to clarify, justify and define this concept. First of all, it should be noted that the VP is an ideal and potential expression and manifestation of the goals and meaning of human existence and in the most general form appears as the knowledge and positive realization of its essence, as if intersecting with ZhN. But what distinguishes VP from ZhN is precisely its ideality, generality, and absoluteness, while ZhN is concrete, individualized, and realizable. However, VP is ideal and potential to a certain extent - it is realized the better and more efficiently, the more reasonable a person is, the better he knows himself and subordinates his life and its resources to the achievement of VP. But there is a fundamental difference between the concepts of VP and ZhN, which consists in the fact that VP defines the highest species idea common to all people, the purpose and meaning of existence, and ZhN, having a universal essential basis, is concretized for each person, taking into account his hereditary and individual characteristics. , reflecting its rationality, development and position in time, space, society and nature. That is, the idea of ​​the VP is interpreted by the mind and carried out by a person through his ZhN!

Let's take a closer look at this for a better understanding. For the most part, people perceive their benefit /P/ in the system of established life values, which now orient them towards consumption and individual accumulation of material goods. On this basis, significant contradictions arise between people. Needless to say, with such a vision by people of their rationalization of the organization and resource support of their lives and social and socio-natural interactions, it seems uninteresting and unnecessary. As a result, they are irrational and unbalanced, as, indeed, are the SORG and the resource-energy processes of a person, since they are not a priority for him. The predominance of force over reason and desire over necessity form the contradictory basis of modern life. But the force is self-centered, straightforward and destructive - it keeps closed, doomed to dying systems with high entropy. Only the human mind is able to open these systems and, using the criteria of utility, lower their entropy. In order to discuss in more detail about the EP of a person, it is necessary to consider it in the context of its development and rationality. Depending on development, a person can distinguish between near and far, private and general, imaginary and real P and, accordingly, build his desires and actions. A close P of a person, being obvious and specific, consists in satisfying his real life needs. Far P arises in the mind of a person when he satisfies and rises above his close P, thanks to life experience and reason. Private P naturally prevails over the general one due to the need to ensure self-preservation and human CV. In the order of its implementation and SR, as well as to solve the problem of procreation, a person interacts with the outside world - if he is reasonable, the awareness of the general P gradually comes, which is important both in itself and as a condition for the implementation of his private and close P. Sober a reasonable person will never set himself unrealistic goals and be guided by an imaginary P - his actions are subordinated to the achievement of a specific goal and the extraction of real P.

Religious and scientific ideas about the EP and the interpretation of the destiny of a person associated with it reflect certain and established trends in understanding its essence and have their own specifics. Recognizing a person as the crown of the Lord's creations and an organic combination of earthly and heavenly, material and spiritual, whose body is an instrument of the soul, religion, in particular, Orthodoxy, sees its purpose, one must understand - VP, in the glory of God, moral free improvement and maintenance in a harmonious union and the order of the whole chain of earthly creations according to the attraction of the soul and its salvation for eternal life ... Modern materialistic sciences consider a person to be the pinnacle / evolution / of life and consider him in all the variety of biological and mental, social and universal / species / manifestations, while their representations are reductionist in nature, not giving a complete knowledge of its essence and EP. While practical life tasks are becoming more and more complex systemic, the formation of a common Chel is slow, without sufficient public interest and support. And the main reason for this situation is the concern of modern man with his financial position for survival, focus on mastering external resources and uncertainty about the future, which narrow his worldview and primitivize behavior, distort the idea of ​​​​its essence and lead away from the formulation and implementation of complex humanitarian research.

Having defined above the essence of a person and its most important foundations and properties, we have thereby brought closer the understanding of his EP, which integrates the knowledge and implementation of the OSSN in solving the most important problem of existence - improving the species. It focuses on both the vital principles of self-preservation and optimization of procreation and NRW, and effective multilevel SR and their constituents SP and SORG, overcoming SO and RO, optimization of SWR, etc. to the basics of life. So, the main content of a person's EP consists in a positive species RP, to which he is oriented by the VP. At the same time, if a person strives for his VP, he thinks, knows, desires and realizes ZhN to the extent of development!.. What is wrong or disputable in this statement? Perhaps, its abstractness, idealization and unusualness for the hearing of a modern person. In order to understand it, you need to throw off the veil of delusions, overcome stereotypes of thinking and bad habits and consistently bring closer what is predetermined by your essence - together with other people always and everywhere, know, think about your own benefit, desire and reasonably implement ZhN. That is, through ZhN a person will go to his VP and she will captivate and support him on this difficult path.

There is such a thing - muscular joy, similarly, we can talk about the joy of thinking, comprehension, creativity, satisfaction with what has been achieved, well, why not say about the joy of life, which includes both muscular and creative and also human joy, for example, the joy of love, SVR, birth child, life balance and peace. So, the implementation of the WN to achieve its VP will give a person the joy of life - is this not a reward for efforts, and isn’t this the very essence, meaning and VP of human life and his happiness? Achieving VP is unimaginably difficult, if not unthinkable for a modern person, but he has the mind to find the most essential, accessible and useful and start from there. And you don’t have to go far, it is nearby and we repeat it over and over again, not realizing its meaning - at every moment of his life a person must know and think about his VP, wish and fulfill ZhN! In this direction, it makes sense to start acting, trying to imagine the VP and implement the LP, at least in the first approximation. Here we limited ourselves to the most general definition, to which we will return more than once, supplementing it and concretizing its elements as we consider them. Now let's turn to the equally important issue of Chel - the realization and achievement of the VP of a person.

1.6.2. Awareness and achievement of human EP

If until now there is no unambiguous interpretation of the essence of man, then the realization and achievement of his VP, which determines the meaning of life, are no less problematic. Many people, without further ado, live like everyone else and do what they can in line with established life values, without thinking about lofty matters, such as arguments about their ideals and VP. As a result, we have this beautiful and crazy world with many achievements and problems, giving everything to one and only something to others, and this life in which strength, RO and means of mass destruction of people reign, and not reason, unity and means of mutual assistance. It is natural to believe that in a reasonable controlled system, such as human behavior and life, the criteria of utility and efficiency should be actively used in the process of its organization and optimization. By how rarely such criteria for assessing a person's behavior and his life appear in the information field, one can judge the low level of his SORG and the organization of social life. It is not difficult to logically deduce that a person lives with such a P for himself, as far as he understands and realizes his essential or most important needs. How are they defined and what do they depend on? Objectively, they are determined by his essence, subjectively depend on his rationality, value orientation and life opportunities, they really are between desires and necessity. That is, as far as people are reasonable and desire what is necessary and their desires are provided by the WRE, they act optimally or usefully. At the same time, to talk about the P of a person and limit himself only to his individual P means to snatch him out of the social-natural continuum and primitive this concept. Thus, in order to realize the VP of a person, one must rely on his essence and cognize it.

Trying and making mistakes, rationalizing his desires and needs, a person in an effort to realize not even a higher, but a greater P, gradually deepens its understanding. Separating the vital from the secondary and negative, he correlates desires with necessity, gradually realizing his vitality. In this endless process of SP and human development, there is a refinement and deepening of his ideas about P and VP. For its better understanding, it would be natural to rely on the doctrine of its essence and rational life and form the criteria for rational existence. Mastering from childhood and using them throughout life, probably, a person would be better aware of his needs and interests and become closer to understanding the EP. Cognizing and realizing his essence, a person, to the best of his ability, implements the WN, which predetermines his essential needs and tunes his mind to a wave of increasing their usefulness. With the knowledge and implementation of the OSSH, the ideas about individual, social and universal human needs and the tasks of their implementation by a person are gradually refined, the degree of their usefulness is recognized and increased. Knowledge of the EP moves a person to its realization, but between him and his benefit, as between the new and the old, there is the inertia of habit, stereotype and conservatism of thinking and behavior. To overcome them, a clear definition and adherence to one's vitality and a large internal energy of development and improvement, which can be formed by purposeful and coordinated efforts of the mind and body of a person, are necessary. As a result, intelligence rises, the body develops, and they unite in achieving the VP!

The human EP has a reasonable basis, which is realized in two most important processes - the organization of life and the rationalization of the WRE. The organization of life can be implemented in the HCI through the NRSV, and the rationalization of the WRE in the HCI through effective SR. Being an orderly continuation and development of the natural processes of the SORG and the rationalization of the human FRE, the constructions of the ILC and ILI form the information and logical framework of its PSP, which is an open, mind-controlled and self-organizing system of cognition and realization of its essence. The PSP system shows that the more reasonable a person is, the better he realizes his benefit and the closer he is to the VP and the better he performs the VL, the more effective his SR in the ILI and the more optimal the FRE and for a long time / ad infinitum!? / SV in the ILI. And vice versa, the more natural a person is, the more reasonable he is, which means he becomes more reasonable, and this cannot be overestimated! goals. They must be well prepared and at every moment of his life a person must know, desire and do what expresses his WN - follow the natural rhythm of life and balance the CVEI, keep records and optimize the WRE, control his movements and interactions, ensuring their optimum, develop and continue the race, improve and improve the look. However, one must be aware that the realization and achievement of a person's VP is not even a difficult task, but a super-task that he must solve, and the goal to which he must strive while he lives on Earth, relying on his mind and objective and integral knowledge - science intelligent life and improving them.

The development and improvement of a person in harmony of spirit and body, the desire for community with people and unity with the surrounding nature are the most important components of this goal. It took a lot of time and effort to comprehend and formulate this statement - a lot more of both of these are necessary for a person to create an image of a certain absolute of existence that is recognized and accepted by many people, embodying their aspirations and aspirations. Alas, there is nothing better than religion and the idea of ​​God and will not be until a person in his development reaches the level of a full and constructive awareness of himself and his essence, knowledge of which determines the degree of usefulness of individual, social and universal tasks that are reflected and a specific expression in the representation of its VP. Now it is difficult to imagine its specific image or incarnation, one can only assume that it will not need to be taken on faith and prayerfully repeated to oneself many times, as if persuading an unreasonable child in oneself to behave well and not to do bad... /03.06.05 -17.11.11/

1.7. The beginnings of the concept of rational human existence

1.7.1. VP, the meaning and general tasks of human existence

Whatever a person thinks and desires, and his thoughts, desires and actions may be far from his EP, he must do what is useful and necessary for his development and solving the most important problems of existence - self-preservation, procreation and improvement kind. These tasks in a big way embody the VP and determine the semantic content of human life. However, this is a theoretical message and not everyone thinks about it, although to some extent they solve these problems. However, no matter how far the task of improving the species is from the urgent needs of man, it focuses both the vital principles of self-preservation and procreation and NRSV and effective SR and overcoming SD and optimizing SVR, etc. to the basics of life. The VP of improving the species, as the export orientation of the economy, determines the highest meaning of human existence and aims it at the PSP. It has a rational basis, which is realized in two most important processes - the organization of life and the rationalization of the ZhRE, which constitute the information-logical framework of its behavior. Representing an open, mind-controlled and self-organizing system of cognition and realization of its essence, the PSP system shows: the more intelligent a person is and the better he realizes his benefit and implements the WN, the more effective his development and solution of the problems of existence, and the more reasonable he becomes.

The rationalization of life and its resources is the most important component of human life, expressing the natural property of the human essence and one of the most important common tasks of its existence - the task of self-preservation. Self-preservation is not enough to consider only as survival and self-defense, although to a certain extent it is so - rather, it is a more widely understood and implemented human CB, which includes not only metabolism / animal nature /, but also its self-realization and interaction with society and nature / human/. Taking into account that SP is closely intertwined with human SR, it turns out that solving the problem of self-preservation means knowing oneself and one's VP and fully realizing VP, acting reasonably and in accordance with nature. Awareness of oneself as a part of the general flow of life, natural for every person and interrupted only for a period of illness or departure to a quiet, calm place, which can still be found on Earth, helps him to comprehend the finiteness of his life and connects it with the infinity of life in general through the desire to live long and the need in procreation. Manifested in human nature at the level instinct for procreation, this necessity is an organic component of a person's vital life and results in another most important general task of his existence, which he must solve and to some extent solves, sometimes even failing, and this applies primarily to men, to ensure his long-term self-preservation.

Indeed, the energy of reproduction, laid down by nature in a person and accumulated in the body with his maturation, is so great and active that there is no doubt that it is necessary, although it is far from always realized positively, being dependent on many circumstances and, above all, on his rationality. Of course, the implementation of the task of procreation should be ensured materially and energetically, informationally and spiritually, but a reasonable PSP is such an attitude to life in general, when a person should express himself in the best possible way, striving to achieve more and more benefits and doing this, like a ZhN, having children and helping them to do it even better, realizing the inner energy of continuous development and improvement. And this is the very essence of human life and VP! Procreation is the highest form of a person's SVR and should occupy a more significant place in his life than creative SVR, predetermining the solution of the most important common problem of human existence - view improvement or positive species MS. Not only the anticipation of the incomparable sensations of orgasm should lead to the continuation of the human race, but also the understanding of the meaning of this act in rational life, as the embodiment of one's life and love for the opposite sex, one's own and other children, and the whole world in general. If people do everything possible to ensure that children become better, they will inevitably strive to improve themselves and their lives. And this highest task of the mind, better than any revolutions and restructuring, will unite all people and help them to realize and implement their VP, making them more reasonable! for a reasonable person should be the norm of existence and the basis of rational behavior. If so far this is not the case, then a person should be taught to evaluate his merits not by the amount of money and his position in society, but by the degree of awareness of his VP and the implementation of ZhN. To teach this to people is the most important task of Chel and the entire system of upbringing and education.

1.7.2. ZhN and private tasks of human existence

The most important tasks of existence and their awareness guide a person in choosing his life goals. However, the implementation of these goals, as well as their concretization for each person, being a derivative of his rationality, causes certain difficulties and has individual characteristics. Just as the laws of human essence reflect quite definite correlations of energy, substances and information, their cycles and rhythms, so the organization and realization of human life and its needs should be natural and quite specific. To a large extent, this is subordinated to the selection and consideration of particular problems of existence /CHZS/ of a person, the solution of which individually and in combination with each other ensures the achievement of the whole complex of his life goals. Since strategic and operational actions are combined in a person's life, PES have different meanings and priorities and are solved at their own time and place in the algorithm determined by the WJ. FES unambiguously implement OSFS and its manifestations such as:

1) ensuring the quantity and quality of substances and information

2) normalization of the amount of movement and the necessary labor

3) organizing a long cycle and ensuring normal rhythms of life

4) harmonization of the interaction of body and spirit

5) human socialization and unity with nature

6) production and rationalization of WRE

7) provision and normalization of SW

8) ensuring effective development and SR

9) positive procreation

10) development and improvement of man as a species.

It is easy to see that FES 9 and 10 are given in fact of the correspondence of OSFS and are FES. Obviously, important in themselves, PES are necessary and complementary elements of the system - human life and should be addressed as a whole - the PSP system. Thus, in order to achieve the VP of a person, it is necessary to effectively solve all problems without exception in an optimal algorithm, which involves the knowledge and realization of its essence in all its manifestations throughout life. The full realization of the task of self-preservation, as natural as it is necessary, also involves the solution of all particular problems without any exceptions. The task of procreation, expressing one of the basic laws of living nature and understood in the context of its positive implementation, also does not allow any exceptions and neglect of the decision of any of the human EES, leading to the full implementation of his life. Expressing different aspects of the essence of a person and specific directions for its implementation, particular tasks not only constitute general tasks, but from their solution, life and, in fact, human life are formed. While each of them has an organizational component, they are specific and have different solutions. Most of them can be considered as conditions or circumstances for solving other problems, but the main thing is that each person should be well aware of the FES themselves and the best ways and means to solve them. And this should be taught to people from childhood, because the FES actually predetermine the structure and optimal sequence of human actions, the logic of which is determined by its essence, life expectancy and the content of the PSP.

In order to imagine in the most general form the logic of the implementation of the VP, one should turn to the GCA and without much effort it will become clear that the order of their enumeration and consideration above - self-preservation, procreation and improvement of the species - determines their priorities and the sequence of decisions in a person's life. For an even more vivid representation of the process of solving the OZS, it is good to imagine a person’s life from his birth some 25-30 years ahead, when at first the task of self-preservation sounds loud, then, as the thymus gland develops, the task of procreation arises, and then, as it is solved in some then, if not solved, then at least the task of improving the species is mentioned by some of the most advanced people in development and rationality. It should be noted and, this is the task of a mature human mind, to realize that the usefulness of the actions of a perfect person and their VP and meaning should be determined precisely by the task of improving the species, as a cardinal condition for its best self-preservation and procreation. Naturally, the process of implementation of the WL and the solution of the PES is derived from the level of development of a person and his society and must take into account the genotype and features of external interactions of a person. The primitivization of this process, of which there are many cases in modern life, leads to a distortion of human behavior, denormalization of his ST and a decrease in the effectiveness of SR, an increase in his SO and RO with the outside world. To improve the efficiency of solving PES in their entirety and taking into account the maximum conditions and circumstances for their solution, it is necessary to know and realize the essence of a person, which are the most important elements of the PSP system and will be discussed below.

1.7.3. The logical basis of the rational existence of man

You can talk a lot about SP and MS, OZS and CHZS of a person, but these words will be dead or far from his urgent needs. Approximately the same is the task of the human mind in realizing that its EP consists in a positive species-specific RS and is a cardinal condition for its best self-preservation and procreation. It should be well understood that we are talking about absolute values ​​and ideal aspirations of a person that a mature mind that has reached a high level of development is able to form! However, despite the fact that not all people get to this level, there is an objective natural-logical basis for rational behavior, which can be understood by almost every person because it expresses his obvious benefits and ZhN. The need for the SP and RS of a person and the rationalization of his internal and external interactions with the surrounding world of people and nature for his benefit predetermines this basis in the most general form. Since the human mind is not a constant value and it needs to be turned on, developed and regularly trained, and for effective use and provide information about the necessity and usefulness of this or that action, as well as its adequacy to the essence of a person and the circumstances of his life, one should take into account the relativity of his reasonableness. behavior.

The latter suggests that there is an absolute logic of the reasonable existence of a person, and it is defined above in the context of achieving the VP and the implementation of the ZhN, and there is a relative logic of the real existence of a person who is at a certain level of development and reasonableness, which has a lower measure of usefulness and necessity. But the reasonableness of a person lies in the fact that, developing and improving, he gradually increases this measure, comprehending the deep, higher logic of his life in the processes, rhythms and cycles inherent in his essence. Needless to say, intelligent life is a variety of interrelated and interdependent activities and actions of a person, determined by his essence and organized under the control of the mind, which ideally can be implemented in the PSP system. At the same time, the concept of VP determines the target function and the semantic side of intelligent existence, and the LP defines the content and means of its implementation. That is, in the most general form, the logic of a reasonable existence of a person is the achievement of the VP through the implementation of the ZhN, which is made up of the SP and the RS. And there's no getting away from it!.. To make this statement less abstract, let's remember that SWs constitute a person's SW and SW in the individual, social and universal spheres. At the same time, the external contour of the CB determines the strategic parameters of the ILI and aims a person to achieve the VP in solving the problem of improving the view, and its containing element is the SR contour-block, the content-organizational basis of which is the implementation of the VP in the ILI.

The most important practical task of ILI is the rationalization of the process of production and use of FRE for effective human RS in society and nature. Elements and processes of the SR block are based on OSFS and, first of all, OVEI, which is also implemented in two circuits - internal and external. Thus, in the process of reasonable or PSP, VP and VP, general and private AP, the most important spheres, processes and functions of human life, organizational mechanisms and technological means are naturally and logically linked. The logical continuation and expression of this relationship is the formation of subsystems for the organization and management of the SRP, models and algorithms for the implementation of the SRP process and its elements of different levels and their technological support. Scheduled in the most in general terms the PSP system, which will be specifically defined below, connects a person, society and nature with rational logical relations, showing that whether he wants it or not, a person will come to the realization of the LH NRSV and effective individual SR in optimal interaction with the outside world, of which he is an organic component. is and outside of which its VP is unattainable and the VP is unrealizable. And his mind will move to this! We must be aware that this process cannot be accelerated by imposing on people what they are not yet ready for. And this is the highest logic of the concept of the reasonable existence of a person who, through the gradual realization by the mind of his greater usefulness and more effective implementation of the ever better realized vitality, will approach the VP, achievable only by the joint efforts of all people. /14.07.08 - 17.11.11/

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