Quotes about life with the meaning of short lobster. Omar Khayyam about the relationship between a man and a woman
4Quotes and Aphorisms 16.09.2017
Dear readers, today I invite you to a philosophical conversation. After all, we will talk about the statements of the famous poet and philosopher Omar Khayyam. The poet is considered one of the greatest minds and philosophers of the East. Composing aphorisms about life with meaning, Omar Khayyam wrote short quatrains - rubai. It is interesting, however, that during his lifetime he was much more known as an astronomer and mathematician.
Until the Victorian era, it was known only in the East. Due to the breadth of views, for a long time Khayyam the poet and Khayyam the scientist were considered different people. The collection of quatrains, Rubayat, was published after the death of the author. Europeans read rubyat in the translation of the English naturalist and poet Edward Fitzgerald. According to writers, the collection of Khayam's poems includes more than 5,000 works. Historians are cautious: experts say that Khayyam wrote only 300 to 500 poems.
The philosopher subtly felt life and accurately described the characters of people. Noticed behavioral patterns in different situations. Despite the fact that he lived many years ago, Khayyam's sayings and thoughts are still relevant, and many statements have become famous aphorisms.
And now I invite you dear readers, get a subtle pleasure from the poetic wisdom and wit of aphorisms and quotes of the great thinker Omar Khayyam.
Quotes and aphorisms of Omar Khayyam about love
The poet could not pass by eternal theme relations between men and women. Sincerely and simply, he writes:
Days spent without the joys of love,
I consider it an unnecessary and hateful burden.
But Khayyam's idealism is alien. Throwing love describes a few lines:
How often, making mistakes in life, we lose those we value.
Trying to please strangers, sometimes we run from our neighbor.
We lift up those who are not worth us, but we betray the most faithful.
Who loves us so much, we offend, and we ourselves are waiting for an apology.
The poet also thought a lot about how true closeness and love between people is manifested:
Giving yourself is not the same as selling.
And sleeping next to each other does not mean sleeping.
Not to take revenge does not mean to forgive everything.
Not to be near does not mean not to love.
Physical distances meant more in the distant past than they do now. But mental alienation can be the same. The connoisseur of souls about the eternal problem of families, the seduction of husbands, said briefly: "You can seduce a man who has a wife, you can seduce a man who has a mistress, but you cannot seduce a man who has a beloved woman."
However, the philosopher admits:
A weak man is an unfaithful slave of fate,
Exposed, I am a shameless slave!
Especially in love. I myself, I am the first
Always unfaithful and weak to many.
Khayyam wrote about the ideal of female beauty on behalf of men:
You, whose appearance is fresher than wheat fields,
You are the mihrab from the heavenly temple mile!
Your mother washed you with ambergris at birth,
Mixing a drop of my blood into the aroma!
Surprisingly, more than ten centuries have passed since these lines were written, and the actions of lovers have not changed much. Maybe that's why the most popular are still so popular. witty quotes and aphorisms of Omar Khayyam?
Omar Khayyam quotes about the joy of life
During the life of a scientist in the Islamic world (within the modern borders from Azerbaijan to India), religion in literature imposed severe restrictions on the description of love. For more than thirty years, there has been a strict ban on the mention of alcohol in poetry. But the philosopher seems to be laughing at the imams. Famous verse is disassembled into aphorisms.
We are told that in the bushes of paradise we will embrace marvelous houris,
Blissfully delighting yourself with the purest honey and wine.
So if it is allowed by the Ancients themselves in the holy paradise,
Is it possible in a fleeting world to forget beauties and wine?
However, the notorious Khayyam wine is not so much alcohol as a symbol of the joy of life:
Drink! And into the fire of spring turmoil
Throw away the holey, dark cloak of winter.
The earthly path is not long. And time is a bird.
The bird has wings... You are at the edge of darkness.
Wine is also a way to comprehend the wisdom of ordinary, at first glance, phenomena and images:
Man is the truth of the world, the crown -
Not everyone knows this, but only the sage.
Drink a drop of wine so you don't feel like
That creations are all one sample.
Although the main thing is still the ability to enjoy life:
Do not grieve that your name will be forgotten.
Let the intoxicating drink comfort you.
Before your joints fall apart
Comfort yourself with your beloved by caressing her.
The main feature of the sage's works is integrity without the now fashionable conflict. A person is not only holistic, but also affects the environment:
Only in the sky the dawn will be barely visible,
Draw from the cup the juice of the invaluable vine!
We know: the truth in the mouths of people is bitter, -
So, it means that we must consider wine to be true.
This is the whole of Khayyam - he suggests looking for the meaning of life in its endless manifestations.
Aphorisms of Omar Khayyam about life
This is the essence of philosophers - to constantly think about what is happening around and be able to express it accurately and succinctly. Omar Khayyam expounded a very unusual view:
And the nights turned into days
Before us, oh my dear friend,
And the stars did the same
Your circle is predetermined by fate.
Ah, be quiet! go carefully
On the dust under your feet -
You trample on the ashes of beauties,
Remains of their wondrous eyes.
Khayyam is also wise in his attitude to death and suffering. Like any wise person, he knew that there was no point in regretting the past and that in the constant expectation of a better happiness, too, could not be found.
Do not curse your heavens for suffering.
Look at the graves of your friends without weeping.
Appreciate this fleeting moment.
Don't look at yesterday and tomorrow.
And about a different perception of life, he wrote:
Two people were looking out the same window. One saw rain and mud.
The other is green foliage, spring and blue sky.
Two people were looking out the same window.
And, of course, all the basic laws of the universe were obvious to him, which even now indicate that the best thing in life is to do good:
Do no evil - it will return as a boomerang,
Don't spit in the well - you will drink water,
Do not insult someone who is lower in rank,
And suddenly you have to ask for something.
Don't betray your friends, you can't replace them
And do not lose your loved ones - you will not return,
Don't lie to yourself - time will check,
That you are betraying yourself with this lie.
The philosopher considered labor to be the main thing, and position in society, wealth and social benefits were only transient attributes. Of swagger, he wrote:
Sometimes someone proudly casts glances: “It's me!”
Decorate your outfits with gold: "It's me!"
But only his affairs will go smoothly,
Suddenly, death comes out of the ambush: "It's me!"
In the transience of being, the poet valued humanity, the ability to focus on his tasks:
Do not envy the one who is strong and rich,
Dawn is always followed by sunset.
With this life short, equal to a breath,
Treat like a rental.
Omar Khayyam was able to treat many things with humor:
When I lay my head under the fence,
In the paws of death, like a bird in a pluck, I will please -
I bequeath: make a jug out of me,
Join me in your spree!
Although, like wine, the revelry and joy of the poet cannot be understood only literally. The rubaiyat contains several layers of wisdom.
Reflections on God and Religion
Due to the peculiarities of the worldview of the East at that time, Khayyam could not ignore religion.
God is in the veins of days. All life is His play.
Of mercury it is living silver.
It will shine with the moon, it will turn silver with a fish ...
He is all flexible, and death is His game.
Omar Khayyam has long gone to the understanding of God. God, according to Khayyam, is very different from the Christian trinity of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
Instantly He is visible, more often hidden.
We are watching our lives closely.
God spends eternity with our drama!
He composes, puts and looks.
Strictly speaking, only the Holy Spirit is present in Islam from the trinity. According to the Quran, Jesus, or rather Isa, is one of the greatest prophets. Their scientist frankly did not like:
Prophets came to us in droves,
And they promised light to the dark world.
But all of them with their eyes closed
They descended into the darkness one after the other.
Although the philosopher participated in the upbringing of children of noble families, he did not leave theological works after himself. The fact is all the more surprising that for 10 years of work in Bukhara, the scientist published 4 fundamental additions to the geometry of Euclid and 2 works on astronomy. Apparently, theosophy remained outside his interests. His humorous verse speaks of his attitude to the cult of religion:
I enter the mosque. The hour is late and deaf.
I am not in a thirst for a miracle and not with a plea:
Once upon a time I pulled the rug from here,
And he was worn out. We need another...
And here it is already directly, without any humor:
In seventy-two teachings, everything is in a row
There is so much talk about the essence of the Creator!
It would be fine if they chatted nonsense among themselves -
With folding words they fool the people.
Between religion and the light of the active mind of people, the scientist chooses humanity:
For believers, there are ways to two Kaabas:
Either in Mecca, the Kaaba, or in the heart to find.
Like holy places, go from heart to heart
And each of them would be preferred to a hundred Meccas.
Khayyam considered action to be the main way to the heart of people. Moreover, he considered it vital to finish what he started: “A plucked flower must be presented, a poem begun must be completed, and the beloved woman is happy, otherwise it was not worth taking on something that is beyond your power.”
About the attitude to life, the poet wrote:
Do not mourn, mortal, yesterday's losses,
Do not measure today's affairs by tomorrow's yardstick.
Do not believe in the past or the future.
Believe the current minute - be happy now!
Perhaps not all lines resonate in the soul of each of us, but surely most of them. No wonder they are passed from mouth to mouth and constantly quoted. So let our warm selection replenish the treasury of worldly wisdom and once again remind you of the main thing. At least again, about the ability to be happy here and now, in the present, without postponing your happiness for later.
And finally, I want to present you a video. Let's listen to quotes, aphorisms, sayings, poems by Omar Khayyam about love, life, men and women.
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The image of the great poet of the East Omar Khayyam is covered with legends, and the biography is full of secrets and mysteries. The Ancient East knew Omar Khayyam primarily as an outstanding scientist: mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosopher. AT modern world Omar Khayyam is better known as a poet, the creator of original philosophical and lyrical quatrains - wise, full of humor, cunning and audacity rubai.
Rubai is one of the most complex genre forms of Tajik-Persian poetry. The volume of the rubaiyat is four lines, three of which (rarely four) rhyme with each other. Khayyam is an unsurpassed master of this genre. His rubies amaze with the accuracy of observations and the depth of comprehension of the world and the human soul, the brightness of images and the elegance of rhythm.
Living in the religious east, Omar Khayyam reflects on God, but resolutely rejects all church dogmas. His irony and free-thinking are reflected in the rubaiyat. He was supported by many poets of his time, but because of the fear of persecution for freethinking and blasphemy, they also attributed their works to Khayyam.
Omar Khayyam is a humanist, for him a person and his peace of mind are above all. He appreciates the pleasure and joy of life, the enjoyment of every minute. And his style of presentation made it possible to express what could not be said out loud in plain text.
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Why do you expect benefit from your wisdom?
You will soon wait for milk from the goat.
Pretend to be a fool - and it will be more useful,
And wisdom these days is cheaper than leeks.
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Noble people, loving each other,
They see the grief of others, they forget themselves.
If you desire the honor and brilliance of mirrors, -
Do not envy others, and they will love you.
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Nobility and meanness, courage and fear -
Everything is built into our bodies from birth.
We will not get better or worse until we die.
We are who God made us!
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Brother, do not demand riches - they are not enough for everyone.
Do not look with the gloating of a saint on sin.
There is a God over mortals. What's up with the neighbor
Then there are even more holes in your dressing gown.
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Don't look to the future
Be glad for a moment of happiness today.
After all, tomorrow, friend, we will be considered death
With the departed seven thousand years ago.
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
You will be in the company of proud learned donkeys,
Try to pretend to be a donkey without words,
For everyone who is not an ass, these fools
Accused immediately of undermining the foundations.
Giyasaddin Abu-l-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyam Nishapuri - full name a man who is better known to us as Omar Khayyam.
This Persian poet, mathematician, philosopher, astrologer, astronomer is known all over the world for his quatrains "rubai", which delight with their wisdom, cunning, audacity and humor. His poems are simply a storehouse of the eternal wisdom of life, which were relevant during the life of the poet (1048 - 1131), and have not lost their relevance today. We invite you to read poetry and Omar Khayyam quotes and enjoy their content.
Having endured hardships, you will become a free bird.
And the drop will become a pearl in the pearl-dungeon.
Give away your wealth and it will come back to you.
If the cup is empty, they will give you a drink.
Only those who are worse than us think badly of us,
and those who are better than us ... They are simply not up to us
Hell and heaven in heaven claim bigots;
I looked into myself - I was convinced of a lie.
Hell and heaven are not circles in the palace of the universe;
Hell and heaven are two halves of the soul.
If you become a slave to base lust, -
You will be empty in old age, like an abandoned house.
Look at yourself and think about
Who are you, where are you and - where then?
We are a source of fun - and a mine of sorrow,
We are a reservoir of filth - and a pure spring.
Man, as if in a mirror, the world has many faces.
He is insignificant - and he is immensely great!
Life is forced upon us; her whirlpool
Stuns us, but one moment - and now
It's time to leave, not knowing the purpose of life ...
The arrival is meaningless, the meaningless departure!
Dawn is always followed by sunset.
With this life short, equal to a sigh,
Treat as with this one for rent.
Who was beaten by life, he will achieve more,
Having eaten a pood of salt, he appreciates honey more.
Who shed tears, he sincerely laughs,
Who died, he knows that he lives.
Everything is bought and sold
And life openly laughs at us.
We are angry, we are angry
But we sell and buy.
If you can, do not worry about the running time,
Do not burden your soul with the past or the future.
Spend your treasures while you are alive;
After all, all the same, in that world you will appear poor.
Omar Khayyam was a great man! Always admired his deep knowledge human soul! His words are relevant to this day! Looks like people haven't changed much since that time!
The scientist wrote his rubai all his life. He drank little wine, but describes his great wisdom. We do not know anything about his personal life either, but he subtly describes love.
The wise sayings of Omar Khayyam make us forget about all the fuss and at least for a moment think about great values. We offer you the best Omar Khayyam quotes about love and life:
About life
1. One does not understand what roses smell like. Another of the bitter herbs will produce honey. Give someone a trifle, forever remember. You will give your life to someone, but he will not understand.
2. Whoever is beaten by life will achieve more. A pood of salt who has eaten appreciates honey more. Who sheds tears, he sincerely laughs. Who died, he knows that he lives!
3. The lower the soul of a person, the higher the nose turns up. He reaches with his nose where his soul has not matured.
4. Two people were looking at the same window. One saw rain and mud. The other is green foliage, spring and blue sky.
5. How often, making mistakes in life, we lose those we value. Trying to please strangers, sometimes we run from our neighbor.
We lift up those who are not worth us, but we betray the most faithful. Who loves us so much, we offend, and we ourselves are waiting for an apology.
6. We are a mine of joy and sorrow. We are a reservoir of filth and a pure spring. Man, as if in a mirror, the world has many faces. He is insignificant and he is immensely great!
7. We will never get into this world again, we will never meet friends at the table. Catch every flying moment - you can never lie in wait for it later.
8. With this short life, equal to a breath. Treat as with this one for rent.
9. Do not envy the one who is strong and rich, sunset always follows the dawn.
About love
10. Giving yourself does not mean selling. And next to sleep - does not mean to sleep. Not to take revenge does not mean to forgive everything. Not to be near does not mean not to love!
11. Woe, woe to the heart, where there is no burning passion. Where there is no love of torment, where there are no dreams of happiness. A day without love is lost: dimmer and grayer than this barren day, and there are no days of bad weather.
12. In order to live life wisely, you need to know a lot. Two important rules remember for a start: you'd rather starve than eat anything, and it's better to be alone than with just anyone.
13. In a loved one, even flaws are liked, and in an unloved person, even virtues annoy.
14. You can seduce a man who has a wife, you can seduce a man who has a mistress, but you cannot seduce a man who has a beloved woman.
15. A plucked flower should be presented, a poem begun should be completed, and the beloved woman should be happy, otherwise it was not worth taking on something that is beyond your power.
Life will fly by like one moment
Appreciate her, take pleasure in her.
How you spend it - so it will pass,
Don't forget: she is your creation.
Do not forget that you are not alone: in the most difficult moments, God is with you
The fact that God once measured us, friends,
You can't increase it and you can't decrease it.
Trying to make the most of the cash
Don’t worry about someone else’s, don’t ask for a loan.
You don’t even notice that your dreams come true, everything is always not enough for you!
Life is a desert, we wander naked through it.
Mortal, full of pride, you are simply ridiculous!
You find a reason for every step -
Meanwhile, it has long been predetermined in heaven.
I would blind my life from the smartest deeds
There he did not think of it, here he did not succeed at all.
But Time - here we have a quick teacher!
As a cuff will give you a little wiser.
I have absolutely nothing upsets and surprises.
Everything is fine in any case.
Know that the main source of being is love.
It is difficult to comprehend the plans of God, old man.
This sky has no top or bottom.
Sit in a secluded corner and be content with little:
If only the scene was at least a little visible!
Those who did not seek the path are unlikely to be shown the path -
Knock and the door to destiny will open!
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The drop began to cry that it parted with the sea,
The sea laughed at the naive grief.
We are a source of fun - and a mine of sorrow.
We are a reservoir of filth - and a pure spring.
Man, as if in a mirror, the world has many faces.
He is insignificant - and he is immensely great!
When you throw dirt at a person, remember that it may not reach him, but it will remain on your hands.
How complete darkness is needed for a pearl
So suffering is necessary for the soul and mind.
Have you lost everything, and the soul is empty?
This cup will fill up again by itself!
Silence is a shield from many troubles, and chatter is always harmful.
A man's tongue is small, but how many lives he has broken.
If you have a nook for living -
In our vile time - and a piece of bread,
If you are not a servant to anyone, not a master -
You are happy and truly high in spirit.
The lower man soul, the higher nose up. He reaches with his nose where his soul has not matured.
Because eternal laws your mind has not comprehended
It's funny to worry about petty intrigues.
Since the god in heaven is unfailingly great -
Be calm and cheerful, appreciate this moment.
You give someone a change and he will remember forever, you give your life to someone, but he will not remember.
Isn't it funny to save a penny for a whole century,
If you can't buy eternal life anyway?
This life was given to you, my dear, for a while, -
Try not to miss the time!
The downtrodden die prematurely
We are with God - all the toys of creation,
In the universe, His only possessions are everything.
And why our competition in wealth -
We're all in the same prison, aren't we?
To live life wisely, you need to know a lot,
Two important rules to remember to get started:
You'd rather starve than eat anything
And it's better to be alone than with just anyone.
Who is beaten by life, he will achieve more.
A pood of salt who has eaten appreciates honey more.
Who sheds tears, he sincerely laughs.
Who died, he knows that he lives!
The wind of life is sometimes fierce.
On the whole life is good though...
And it's not scary when black bread
It's scary when a black soul...
Why is the almighty creator of our bodies
Didn't want to give us immortality?
If we are perfect, why do we die?
If they are not perfect, then who is the spoiler?
If I was given omnipotence
- I would have lowered the sky a long time ago
And would erect another, reasonable sky
To only the worthy loved it.
Let's get up in the morning and shake hands with each other,
Let's forget about our grief for a moment,
Let's enjoy this morning air
With full breasts, while we are still breathing, we will inhale.
Before you were born, you didn't need anything
And having been born, you are doomed to need everything.
Just throw off the oppression of a shameful body,
You will again become free, like God, a rich man.
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Aphorisms of Omar Khayyam occupies an important place in world literature not by accident.
After all, everyone knows this outstanding sage of antiquity. However, not everyone realizes that Omar Khayyam was, among other things, an outstanding mathematician who made a serious contribution to algebra, a writer, philosopher and musician.
He was born on May 18, 1048 and lived for a long 83 years. His whole life was spent in Persia (modern Iran).
Of course, most of all this genius became famous for his quatrains, which are called the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. They contain deep meaning, subtle irony, exquisite humor and amazing sense of being.
There are many different translations ruby of the great Persian. We bring to your attention the best sayings and aphorisms of Omar Khayyam.
It is better to fall into poverty, starve or steal,
Than to get into the number of despicable dishes.
It is better to gnaw bones than to be seduced by sweets
At the table of the bastards who have power.
The wind of life is sometimes fierce.
On the whole life is good though
And it's not scary when black bread
It's scary when a black soul...
I am a student in this best of the best worlds.
My work is hard: the teacher is painfully harsh!
Until gray hair, I go to life as apprentices,
Still not enrolled in the category of masters ...
Isn't it funny to save a penny for a whole century,
If a eternal life still not buy?
This life was given to you, my dear, for a while, -
Try not to miss the time!
And with a friend and an enemy, you must be good!
Who by nature is kind, you will not find malice in him.
Hurt a friend - you make an enemy,
Embrace the enemy - you will find a friend.
If you have a nook for housing -
In our vile time - and a piece of bread,
If you are not a servant to anyone, not a master -
You are happy and truly high in spirit.
The ocean of drops is great.
The mainland is made up of dust particles.
Your arrival and departure - do not matter.
Just a fly flew in the window for a moment ...
From godlessness to God - one moment!
From zero to total - one moment.
Take care of this precious moment:
Life - neither less nor more - one moment!
Wine is forbidden, but there are four "buts":
It depends on who, with whom, when and in moderation, or drinks wine.
If these four conditions are met
All sane wine is allowed.
Two people were looking out the same window.
One saw rain and mud.
The other is green foliage,
Spring and the sky is blue.
We are a source of fun and sorrow mine.
We are a reservoir of filth and a pure spring.
Man, as if in a mirror, the world has many faces.
He is insignificant and he is immensely great!
Who is beaten by life, he will achieve more.
A pood of salt who has eaten appreciates honey more.
Who sheds tears, he sincerely laughs.
Who died, he knows that he lives!
How often, in life, making mistakes,
We lose those we love.
Trying to please strangers
sometimes we run from our neighbor.
We lift those who are not worth us,
but we betray the most faithful.
Who loves us so much, we offend,
and we are waiting for an apology.
Do not envy the one who is strong and rich,
Sunrise is always followed by sunset.
With this life short, equal to a breath.
Treat as with this one for rent.
And a speck of dust was a living particle.
A black curl, a long eyelash was.
Wipe the dust from your face gently and gently:
Dust, perhaps Zukhra was a clairvoyant!
I once bought a talking pitcher.
“I was a check! - the jug screamed inconsolably -
I became dust. The potter summoned me from the dust
He made the former Shah a pleasure to revel.
This old jug is on the poor man's table
He was an all-powerful vizier in the past centuries.
This cup, which is held by the hand, -
The breast of a dead beauty or the cheek...
Did the world have a source in the very beginning?
Here is the riddle that God gave us,
The sages talked about it as they wanted, -
None of them could figure it out.
He is too zealous, shouting: "It's me!"
In a wallet with a golden strumming: "It's me!"
But as soon as he manages to set things up -
death knocks on the window to the braggart: "It's me!"
Do you see this boy, old sage?
He amuses himself with sand - he builds a palace.
Give him advice: "Be careful, young man,
With the ashes of wise heads and loving hearts!
In the cradle - the baby, the dead - in the coffin:
That's all that is known about our fate.
Drink the cup to the bottom - and do not ask much:
The master will not reveal a secret to a slave.
Do not mourn, mortal, yesterday's losses,
Do not measure today's affairs by tomorrow's measure,
Do not believe in the past or the future,
Believe the current minute - be happy now!
Months followed months before us,
Wise men were replaced by wise men before us.
These dead stones are under our feet
Before they were the pupils of captivating eyes.
I see a troubled land - the abode of sorrows,
I see mortals hurrying to their grave,
I see glorious kings, moon-faced beauties,
Shining and becoming prey to worms.
There is no heaven or hell, O my heart!
There is no return from the darkness, O my heart!
And do not hope, O my heart!
And there is no need to be afraid, O my heart!
We are obedient dolls in the hands of the Creator!
This is not said by me for the sake of words.
The Almighty leads us on the stage on strings
And shoves it into the chest, bringing it to the end.
Well, if your dress is without holes.
And it is not a sin to think about daily bread.
And everything else is not necessary for nothing -
Life is more precious than wealth and honors of all.
Having become a poor dervish, you will reach heights.
Having torn your heart into blood, you will reach heights.
Away, empty dreams of great accomplishments!
Only by coping with yourself - you will reach heights.
Surely you liked aphorisms of Omar Khayyam. Reading the rubaiyat of this great man is interesting and useful.
Pay also attention to - get a lot of intellectual pleasure!
And, of course, read to get to know the geniuses of mankind.
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Quotes and aphorisms:
Omar Khayyam, short biography which is presented in this article, was born in Nishapur on May 18, 1048. Nishapur is located in the east of Iran, in the cultural province of Khorasan. This city was a place where many people from various regions of Iran and even from neighboring countries came to the fair. In addition, Nishapur is considered one of the main cultural centers that time in Iran. Since the 11th century, madrasahs have been operating in the city - schools of the higher and middle type. Omar Khayyam also studied in one of them.
Biography in Russian involves the translation of proper names. However, sometimes readers need the English version as well, for example, when they need to find materials in English. How to translate: "Omar Khayyam: biography"? "Omar Khayyam: biography" is correct.
Khayyam's childhood and youth
Unfortunately, there is not enough information about them, as well as information about the lives of many famous people ancient times. The biography of Omar Khayyam in his childhood and youth is marked by the fact that he lived in Nishapur. There is no information about his family. The nickname Khayyam, as you know, means "tent master", "tent-man". This allows researchers to make an assumption that his father was a representative of craft circles. The family, in any case, had sufficient means to provide their son with a decent education.
Education marked his further biography. Omar Khayyam first comprehended science in the Nishapur Madrasah, which at that time was known as an aristocratic educational institution, which prepared major officials for the civil service. After that, Omar continued his education in Samarkand and Balkh.
Knowledge received by Khayyam
He mastered many natural and exact sciences: geometry, mathematics, astronomy, physics. Omar also specifically studied history, Quran studies, theosophy, philosophy and a complex of philological disciplines, which was part of the concept of education at that time. He knew Arabic literature, was fluent in Arabic, and also knew the basics of versification. Omar was skilled in medicine and astrology, and also studied music theory.
Khayyam perfectly knew the Koran by heart, he could interpret any verse. Therefore, even the most prominent theologians of the East turned to Omar for advice. His ideas, however, did not fit into Islam in the orthodox sense.
First discoveries in mathematics
The first discoveries in the field of mathematics marked his further biography. Omar Khayyam made this science the main focus of his studies. At the age of 25, he makes his first discoveries in mathematics. In the 60s of the 11th century, he published a work on this science, which brought him the fame of an outstanding scientist. Patronizing rulers begin to patronize him.
Life at the court of Khakan Shams al-Mulk
The rulers of the 11th century competed with each other in the splendor of their retinue. They poached educated courtiers. The most influential simply demanded famous poets and scientists to the court. This fate did not spare Omar either. Service at the court was also marked by his biography.
Omar Khayyam first conducted his scientific activities at the court of Prince Khakan Shams al-Mulk, in Bukhor. According to the chroniclers of the 11th century, the ruler of Bukhara surrounded Omar with honor and even put him on the throne next to him.
Isfahan invitation
By this time, the empire of the Great Seljuks had grown and established itself. Tugulbek, a Seljuk ruler, conquered Baghdad in 1055. He declared himself the lord of the new empire, the sultan. The caliph lost power, and this marked an era of cultural flourishing, called the Eastern Renaissance.
These events were reflected in the fate of Omar Khayyam. His biography continues with a new period. Omar Khayyam in 1074 was invited to the royal court to serve in the city of Isfahan. Sultan Malik Shah ruled at this time. This year marked the beginning of the 20-year period of its fruitful scientific activity, according to the results achieved, turned out to be brilliant. At that time, the city of Isfahan was the capital of the Seljuk state, which stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the borders of China.
Life at the court of Malik Shah
Omar became an honorary close associate of the great Sultan. According to legend, Nizam al-Mulk even offered him to govern Nishapur and the surrounding region. Omar said that he did not know how to forbid and order, which is necessary to control people. Then the Sultan appointed him a salary of 10 thousand a year (a huge amount) so that Khayyam could freely engage in science.
Observatory Management
Khayyam was invited to manage the palace observatory. The Sultan gathered the best astronomers at his court and allocated large sums for the purchase of expensive equipment. Omar was tasked with creating a new calendar. In the 11th century in Central Asia and Iran, 2 systems simultaneously existed: solar and lunar calendars. Both were imperfect. By March 1079, the problem was solved. The calendar proposed by Khayyam was 7 seconds more accurate than the current Gregorian calendar (developed in the 16th century)!
Omar Khayyam conducted astronomical observations at the observatory. In his era, astronomy was closely connected with astrology, which in the Middle Ages was a science of practical necessity. And Omar was part of the retinue of Malik Shah as his adviser and astrologer. His fame as a soothsayer was very great.
New advances in mathematics
At the court in Isfahan, Omar Khayyam also studied mathematics. In 1077, he created a geometric work dedicated to the interpretation of the difficult provisions of Euclid. For the first time, he gave an exhaustive classification of the main types of equations - cubic, square, linear (25 types in total), and also created a theory for solving cubic equations. It was he who first raised the question of the connection between the science of geometry and algebra.
For a long time, Khayyam's books were unknown to European scientists who created non-Euclidean geometry and a new higher algebra. And they had to re-travel the difficult and long path, which had already been paved by Khayyam 5-6 centuries before them.
Philosophy
Khayyam also dealt with the problems of philosophy, studying the scientific heritage of Avicenna. He translated into Farsi from Arabic some of his writings, showing innovation, since at that time the role of the language of science was played by the Arabic language.
His first philosophical treatise was created in 1080 ("Treatise on being and duty"). Khayyam stated that he was a follower of Avicenna, and also expressed his opinions about Islam from the standpoint of Eastern Aristotelianism. Omar, recognizing the existence of God as the root cause of existence, argued that the specific order of things is determined by the laws of nature, this is not at all the result of divine wisdom. These views were at odds with Muslim dogmatics. In the treatise, they were outlined concisely and restrainedly, in the Aesopian language of allegories and omissions. Much more boldly, sometimes defiantly boldly, anti-Islamic sentiments were expressed in poetry by Omar Khayyam.
Biography: Khayyam's poems
He wrote poetry only in rubaiyat, i.e. quatrains in which the 1st, 2nd, 4th or all four stanzas rhymed. He created them throughout his life. Khayyam never wrote laudatory odes to rulers. Rubai were not a serious form of poetry, and as a poet Omar Khayyam was not recognized by his contemporaries. And he himself did not attach much importance to his poems. They arose, most likely, impromptu, in passing.
The shaken position of Omar at court
At the end of 1092, a 20-year quiet period of his life at the court of Malik Shah ended. At this time, the Sultan died under unclear circumstances. And Nizam al-Mulk was killed a month before. The death of two patrons of Khayyam is attributed to the Ismailis, representatives of the religious and political movement directed against the Turkic nobility. After the death of Malik Shah, they terrorized the Isfahan nobility. The reprisals and denunciations were born out of fear of the secret murders that flooded the city. The struggle for power began, the great empire began to fall apart.
The position of Omar at the court of the widow of Malik Shah Turkan Khatun was also shaken. The woman did not trust those close to Nizam al-Mulk. Omar Khayyam worked for some time at the observatory, but did not receive any of the previous maintenance or support. At the same time, he performed the duties of a doctor and astrologer at Turkan Khatun.
How Khayyam's court career ended
The story of how his court career collapsed has become a textbook today. It is attributed to 1097. Sanjar, the youngest son of Malik Shah, once fell ill with chicken pox, and Khayyam, who treated him, inadvertently expressed doubt that the 11-year-old boy would recover. The words spoken to the vizier were overheard by the servant and passed on to the sick heir. Later becoming a sultan, who ruled the Seljuk state from 1118 to 1157, Sanjar harbored hostility towards Khayyam for the rest of his life.
After the death of Malik Shah, Isfahan lost its position as chief scientific center and royal residence. It fell into disrepair and, in the end, the observatory was closed, and the capital was transferred to the city of Merv (Khorosan). Omar left the court forever, returned to Nishapur.
Life in Nishapur
Here he lived until his death, only occasionally leaving the city to visit Balkh or Bukhora. In addition, he made a long pilgrimage to Muslim shrines in Mecca. Khayyam taught at the Nishapur Madrasah. He had a small circle of students. Sometimes he received scientists who were looking for a meeting with him, took part in scientific disputes.
The last period of his life was extremely difficult, associated with hardships, as well as with longing, which was generated by spiritual loneliness. In the Nishapur years, the glory of Omar as an astronomer and mathematician was added to the glory of an apostate and a freethinker. The anger of the zealots of Islam was caused by his philosophical views.
The scientific and philosophical heritage of Khayyam
The biography of Omar Khayyam (short) does not allow us to talk in detail about his works. We only note that his scientific and philosophical heritage is small. Unlike Avicenna, his predecessor, Khayyam did not create a complete philosophical system. His treatises concern only certain questions of philosophy, although the most important ones. Some of them were written in response to the request of secular or clergy people. Only 5 philosophical writings of Omar have survived to this day. All of them are concise, brief, sometimes occupying only a few pages.
Pilgrimage to Mecca and life in the village
After some time, clashes with the clergy became so dangerous that Khayyam was forced to make a difficult and long pilgrimage to Mecca (in his middle years). In this era, the journey to the holy places sometimes lasted for years. Omar settled for some time in Baghdad. Teaching in Nizamiye marked his biography.
Omar Khayyam, whose life is known, unfortunately, not much, having returned home, began to live in a village near Nishapur in a secluded house. According to medieval biographers, he was not married and had no children. He lived in isolation, in constant danger due to suspicion and persecution.
How Omar Khayyam spent the last hours of his life
A short biography in Russian of this scientist, philosopher and poet was written by many authors. All sources agree that the exact year of his death is unknown. Its most probable date is 1123. From a source of the 12th century, a story has come down to us about how Khayyam spent the last hours of his life. I heard this story from his relative Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki. On this day, Omar carefully studied the "Book of Healing" written by Avicenna. Having reached the section "One and Many", Khayyam put a toothpick between the sheets and asked to call the right people in order to make a will. Omar didn't eat or drink all that day. Having finished the last prayer, in the evening he bowed to the ground. Then Khayyam said, turning to God, that he knew him as much as possible, and that his knowledge is the way to him. And died. The photo below shows his grave in Nishapur.
From what other sources can you learn about the life of a person like Omar Khayyam? The biography of the TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) will suit you if only basic information about it is enough. You can also refer to editions of Khayyam's books, which often contain descriptions of his life in the preface. We have presented only basic information about such a person as Omar Khayyam. Biography, his nationality, stories from his life, poems and treatises - all this is still of interest to many people to this day. This speaks of great importance the legacy that he left, about the great role in the history of the personality of Omar Khayyam.
Over the years, the number of quatrains attributed to Khayyam grew and by the 20th century exceeded 5,000. He reflects on God, but rejects church dogma, in his poems there is irony and free thinking, the joy of life and the enjoyment of every minute of it. Perhaps all those who feared persecution for freethinking and blasphemy attributed their writings to Khayyam.
Although it is almost impossible to determine exactly which of the poems really belong to Khayyam (if he composed poetry at all), in the modern world Omar Khayyam is known precisely as a poet, the creator of original philosophical and lyrical quatrains - wise, full of humor and cunning.
Omar Khayyam - about life, happiness and love:
Having seen the frailty of the world, wait a minute to grieve!
Believe me: it’s not for nothing that the heart is pounding in the chest.
Do not grieve about the past: what was, then swam.
Do not worry about the future: the fog is ahead ...
Do not envy the one who is stronger and richer.
Sunset always comes with dawn.
With this life short, equal to a sigh,
Treat as with this one for rent.
Everything is bought and sold
And life openly laughs at us.
We are angry, we are angry
But we sell and buy...
They say that drunkards will go to hell.
All nonsense! If the drinkers were sent to hell,
Yes, all women lovers go there after them,
Empty as a palm, would be your garden of Eden.
Yes, in a woman, as in a book, there is wisdom.
Can understand the meaning of its great
Only literate. And don't get mad at the book
Kohl, ignorant, could not read it.
We are a source of fun - and a mine of sorrow.
We are a reservoir of filth - and a pure spring.
Man, as if in a mirror, the world has many faces.
He is insignificant - and he is immensely great!
Who was beaten by life, he will achieve more.
Having eaten a pood of salt, he appreciates honey more.
Who sheds tears, he sincerely laughs.
Who died, he knows that he lives ...
"Hell and heaven are in heaven," say the bigots.
I looked into myself, I was convinced of a lie:
Hell and heaven are not circles in the palace of the universe,
Hell and heaven are two halves of the soul.
Isn't it funny to save a penny for a whole century,
If you can't buy eternal life anyway?
This life was given to you, my dear, for a while, -
Try not to waste time.
To live life wisely, you need to know a lot,
Two important rules to remember to get started:
You'd rather starve than eat anything
And it's better to be alone than with just anyone.
Do no evil - it will return like a boomerang,
Do not spit in the well - you will drink water,
Do not insult someone who is lower in rank,
And suddenly you have to ask for something.
Don't betray your friends, you can't replace them
And do not lose your loved ones - you will not return,
Don't lie to yourself - over time you'll check
That you are betraying yourself with this lie.
The wind of life is sometimes fierce...
On the whole life is good though...
And it's not scary when black bread
It's scary when a black soul...
One does not understand what roses smell like.
Another of the bitter herbs will produce honey.
You give someone a trifle - they will remember forever.
You will give your life to someone, but he will not understand.
